Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/837

 TAR

[180]

T A S

TARGET, a Shield ; thus call'd from the Latin, Tergum, The TarfuS confifts of feven Bones : The firft whereof is Sack, becaufe originally made of Leather, wrought out of call'd Jflragalus, and by the Latins Talus, and Os Hahflte. the Back of an Ox's Hide. SeeSmELD and Buckler. See Astragalus.

TARGUM, in the facred Literature, a Name the Jews The iecond cali'd the Calx, or Calcar pedis, or Ca/canetim} give their Chaldee Gloffes, and Paraphrafes on the Scripture, the third Naviculare, and by the Greeks Scaphoeides ; the See Paraphrase. fourth, fifth, and fixth are generally call'd Innominata, but by

As the Jem, during their long Captivity in Babylon, had FaMop'ms, from their Figure, Cuneijormia : Laflly, the jth, forgot their ancient Language, the Hebrew ; and now under- the Ctlboeiies. See each delcrib'd under its proper Article, flood nothing but the Language of their Matters, the Cbal- Calx, Naviculare, Innominata, ($c. deans : There was a Necetfity of explaining the Prophets in Tarsus is alio a Name given by lome Anatomifts to the that Language; and to this Neceffity, is owing the firft Cartilages which terminate the Palpebral or Eye-lids. See bepinning° of the Chaldee Paraphrafe to make the Senfe of Palpebra. the Text underftood. See Chaldee. They are exceedingly thin and fine, which makes them

Each Dodfor made a Paraphrafe of fome Part thereof in light and flexible, the vulgar Tongue ; and as thefe feveral Interpretations In Their Form is Semicircular : That of the upper Eye- Time, "became very Voluminous, certain Rabbins undertook lid, is fomewhat longer than that of the under : They to collea them together ; and this Collection they call'd the lerve alike to clofe the Eyes. See Cilia. Tatgum. ■ . TARTANE, a kind of Bark uled for Fifhing and Car-

The Jewift Doctors don't agree about the Antiquity of the riage ; having neither a rais'd Poop, nor Prow ; and alfo ufing Targum ; for the more modern Jews having blended their Oars.

own Comments with thole of the Ancients; no certain Age Tarfpnes are common in the Mediterranean : They have or jEra can be fix'd for the whole Work. only a Main-maft, and a Mizzen : Their Sails are triangular.

'Tis commonly believed, that R. Jonathan, who lived When they put up a lquare Sail, 'tis call'd a Sail of For- under the Reign of Herod the Great, made the firft Chaldee tune.

Vernon of the Prophets ; and with this Verfion mix'd the TARTAR, in Chymiftry, Sfc. a Kind of Salt, which Interpretations of Tradition. Onkelos, 'tis certain, tranllated rites from fumous Wines, and fticking to the Top and Sides the Pentateuch almoft Word for Word ; and without any of the Casks, forms a greyifh. Cruit, which hardens to the Paraphrafe ; and another Verfion of the Pentateuch is afcrib'd Coniiftenee of a Stone. See Salt.

to Jonathan, but withoutmuch Certainty. SccPentateuch. Tartar, lays an ingenious Author, has the Juice of the For the Targum or Paraphrafe on the other Books ; Grape for its Father, Fermentation for its Mother, and the we know little of the Authors, no more than of thole of the Cask for its Matrix. See Wine, &c.

Targttm of Jemfalem, which is another imperfect Paraphrafe Its Goodneis rather depends on the Number of repeated on the Five Books of Mofes : So that in Strictnefs, the Fermentations, whkh a Succeffion of new Wines in the fame Targtim of Jonathan and Onkelos, is the only Paraphrafe of Cask for Ieveral Years, makes, than on the Soil or Climate any Authority. Sec Paraphrase. where the Wine is produe'd.

The Account aferibed to Scdiger, is this: The Hebrew Tartar is either -white, or red, according to the Colour of was translated under the Reign of Tiberius into Chaldee, by the Wine it is rais'd rrom.

Jonathan ; the Prophets by Onkelos ; and the Book of Mofes That brought from Germany is the belt, as being taken into good old Hierofolymitan, which was then ufed at Jerufa- out of thole monftrous Tuns, lbme whereof hold a rhou-

fand Pipes of Wine ; fo that the Salt has Time to come to its Coniiftenee, one of the chief Qualities to be regarded in Tartar.

That of Moutpellier is the next in Order ; then that of Lyons, Vans, Sec.

White Tartar is preferr'd to red, and is really better : The Marks of good Tartar of either Kind, are, its being thick, brittle, brilliant, and very little Earthy.

Tartar is of considerable Ufe among the Dyers; as ferv- ing to difpofe the Stuffs to take the Colours the better. See Dying.

The Chymifts make abundance of Preparations from Tar- tar ; as Cream, or Cryftal of Tartar, which is nothing but

lem, much as Latin is among us.

'Tis certain, there was a Targum Hierofolymitanum ftill extant : It was wrote in the vulgar Tongue ; but that being then greatly corrupted, we have now much ado to underftand it.

Thofe Targumifts might have feen Jefis Chrifl ; 'tis fure they lived long before the taking of Jernfalem. Scaligerana.

TARIF or TARIFF, a Book of Rates ; a Table, or Catalogue, drawn, ufually, in Alphabetical Order, contain- ing the Names of feveral Kinds of Merchandize, with the Duties or Cuftoms to be paid for the fame, as fettled by Authority, and agreed on between the feveral Princes and States, that hold Commerce together. Sec Duties.

TARNISHING, a Diminution of the natural Luftre of Tartar powder'd, and redue'd by means of boiling Water,

any Thing, efpecially a Metal. See Lustre. a ftraining Bag, and a Cellar, into little Cryftals. See

Gold and Silver, when Tarnifl'd, refume their Brightnefs, Cream of Tartar. by letting them over the Fire with certain Lies. Copper, Salt of Tartar is made of Tartar wafh'd, ground, pu-

Pewter, &c. that are Tarnifi'd, recover their Luftre with rify'd, and calcin'd in Paper, by a reverberatory Fire ; or

Tripoli and Pot-aflies. 'tis made by pulverizing what remains in the Retort after the

The Breath of Women, under their monthly Purgations, Diftillation of Tartar. On the one or the other of thefe

Ariflotle afferts, tarnifhes all Mirrors, $£c. See Menses. Preparations, they pour a great Quantity of hot Water, to

TAR-PAWLING, of the Saxon, Tare, and the Latin, make a Lye of it ; this they filtrate, and evaporate 'the

'Pallium, Cloak, q. d. a tarred Garment ; is a Piece of Can vafs, well tarred over, to keep off the Rain from any Place.

The Term is alfb ufed in Derifion for a Perfon bred at Sea, and educated in the Mariner's Art. See Mariner.

TARPEIAN, in Antiquity, an Epithet given to a Rock in ancient Koine, of furprizing Height ; whence, by the Law

Liquor by a Sand Heat, till the fix'd Salt be found at the Bottom of the Veffel. This is the Alkali, or fix'd Salt of Tartar. See Salt.

Oil of Tartar, is the Salt of Tartar expos'd to the Air for fbme Days, in an open Veffel, in a moiff Place, till it diffolve into an Oil ; tho' 'tis improperly fo call'd, beinff u.. jar.1^1 n:i (-..-A ' ' * &

of the Twelve Tables, thofe guilty of certain Crimes, were no more than a diffolv'd Oil. See Deliojjium.

precipitated. Oil of Tartar per deliquium, is held the befl Remedy

'Twas on this Rock the Capitol was built. See Capi- againft corrofive Sublimate.

tol. Tartar Vitriolated, which fome call Magiftery of Tar- It took its Name from a Veftal, call'd Tarpeia, who be- tar, is Oil of Tartar mix'd with reef ify'd Spirit o'f Vitriol:

tray'd theCapitol, whereof her Father was Governor, to the Upon mixing the two, there arifes a great Ebullition ; by

SabineS ; on Condition they would give her all they bore on means whereof, of Liquids they become Solids.

their Left Arms, meaning their Bracelets. But inftead of Tartar foliated, is a Preparation of Tartar with di-

Bracelets, they threw their Bucklers (which were likewife borne on their Left Arm) upon her Head, and crufh'd her to Death.

Others afcribe the Delivery of the Capitol to her Father Sfurius Tarpeius ; and add, That he was precipitated down this Rock by Roraulus'% Order ; and thar this, henceforward, became the Punimment of all Criminals of the like Kind.

The Tarpeian Games, were Games inftituted by Romulus, in Honour of Jupiter Feretrius ; call'd alfo Capitolini Ludi. Sec Capitolini.

ftill'd Vinegar, which reduces it into white Leaves. Tartar Emetic

Tart

Lbnetic 5 ,, C Emetic. Soluble i i Soluble.

TARTARIZING, a Term ufed by fome Writers, for the Acf of Refining or Purifying, by means of Salt of Tartar. See Tartar.

TASSEL, a Sort of pendant Handle, hanging down from a Cufhion, or fuch like Thing : Alfb a final! Ribbon or Silk

TARRASS, orTERRASS, a Sort of Plaifter, or throng few'd to a Book, to be put between the Leaves.

r_.. i. n /-_j-_ i:..„ Ti-r r^.fl 11m, " m .. .. .t , ,. t,. r

Mortar, chiefly ufed to line Batons, Citterns, Wells and other Refervoirsof Water. See Mortar, Cistern, £5fc.

TARSUS, in Anatomy, is what we vulgarly call the Jnftep ; being the Beginning of the Foot, or the Space be- tween the Ankle and the Body of the Foot which is call'd iits. See Foot.

Tassels, in a Building, ate thofe Pieces of Boards that lie under the Ends of the Mantle-Trees. See Mantle.

Tassel, orTiERCELET, is alfo us'd in Falconry for a Male Hawk. See Hawk and Falcon.

Tassels are alfo a kind of hard Burr, ufed by Cloth- workers in dreffing Cloth,

TASTE,