Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/825

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TAB

Zejly allures us, he has leen the Table at Winchejter ; At lead, lays he, if we may believe the Keepers thereof, who ilill fhew it with a deal of Solemnity. He adds, that the Karnes of a great Number of Knights wrote around it,feem to confirm the Truth of the Tradition.

Larrey, and feveral other Authors, make no Scruple to relate this Fable, as Matter of Hillory : but that 'tis Fable is certain ; F. Papebrcch having fhewn, that there was no fuch Thing as an Order of Knights before the Vlth Cen- tury.

Cambden obferves, that the Table at Winchefter is of i. Strucf ure much more modern than the Vlth Century. _'Tis added, thatArthur himfelf is no more than a fabulous Prince.

In effecf, the Round Table does not appear to have been any military Order, but rather a kind of Tuft, or military Exercife, between two Perfons, arm'd with Lances. Several Authors fay, that Arthur, Duke of Sretegne, renew'd it. See Matthew Paris, the Abbot -Jufiniam, and F. Helyot.

'Paulas Jimiis fays, 'twas under the Empire of Frederic Sarberofa, that the Knights of the Round Table firft began to be talk'd of: Others attribute their Origin totheFaflions of the Gttelfhs and Gibellins. «. Billiard built a Houi'e call'd the Round Table, the Court whereof was 200 Foot in Diameter.

Table, in Architecture, a fmooth Ample Member, or Ornament, of various Forms 5 but molt, ulually in that of a long Square.

A 'Projecting Table, is fuch a one as (lands out from the Naked of the Wall, Pcdellal, or other Matter it adorns.

Raked Table, is that which is hollow 'd in the Die ot a.

Pedeftal, or elfewhere, and which is ulually encompafs'd

with a Moulding. Razed Table, an Emboflment in a

Frontifpicce, for the putting an Infcription or other Orna- ment in Sculpture. This is what M.'Perrault understands

by Abacus in Vitruvius. Crotvnd Table, that cover'd

with a Cornice, and wherein is cut a Baftb Relievo, or a

piece of black Marble incruftated for an Infcription.

Rujlicated Table, that which is pick'd, and whole Surface leems rough, as in Grotto's, ££c.

Plain Table, a Surveying Inftrument. See Plain Table.

Table, in Perspective, is a plain Surface, fuppos'd to be tranfparent, and perpendicular to the Horizon. See Per- spective.

'Tis always imagin'd to be plac'd at a certain Diltance between the Eye and Objefts, for the Objefls to be repre- fented thereon by means of vifual Rays palling from every Point thereof, thro' the Table to the Eye.

Whence it is alio call'd PerfpeiJhe Plane. See Plane.

Table, in Anatomy. The Cranium is faid to be com- pos'd of two Tables, or Laminte, i. e. 'tis double 5 as if it confifled of two Bones, laid one over another. See Cra- nium.

Table of Pythagoras, call'd alfo Multiplication T able, is a Square, form'd of an hundred lefier Squares, or Cells, containing the Produces of the feveral Digits, or fimple Num- bers, multiply'd by each other. See Multiplication.

As 'tis abfblutely neceifary, thole who learn Arithmetic have the feveral Multiplications contain'd in this Table, off by Heart 5 we have thought fit to -fubjoin it here : with an Example, to {hew the Manner of uling ir.

Table of Pythagoras, or Multiplication Table.

i

2 i

4

6 7 8

"

In

2

4 6 8 10

12

14 16

18 20



6 9 12

>f 18 21

27

4 8 12 16 20

24 28

V- 3«

f 10

ir

20

ir 3° ?r

40 4r re

6

12 18 3° 36 42 48
 * 4

m-

6,

7 ■4 21 28

3r 42 49 r& 6;

70

s 16

40 48

64

7*

So

9 18 17 3« AS T4 «3 71 Si 00

10 20

30

40

r° 60

70 80 90

TOO

Example : Suppofe it were requir'd to know the Product of 6 multiply'd by 8 : Look for 6 in the firft horizontal Column, beginning with i ; then look for 8 in the firft perpendicular Column, beginning likewile with i ; the Square or Cell wherein the perpendicular Column from 6, meets with the horizontal one from 8> contains the Product requir'd, viz. 48.

Lawsof the Twelve Tables, were the firft Set of Law*

of the Romans j thus call'd, either by reafon the Romans - then wrote with a Style on thin, wooden Tables, cover'd with Wax 5 or rather, becaufe they were engraven on Tables or Plates of Copper, to be expofed in the raott noted P art f the public Forum. See Law.

After the Expulfion of the Kings, as the Romans were then without any fix'd, certain Syftem of Law 5 at leaft had none ample enough to take in the various Cafes that might fall between particular Perfons ; 'twas refolved to adopt the beft and wifeit Laws of the Greeks.

One Hermodorus 'was firft appointed to Tranflate them • and the Tlecemviri afterwards compiled and reduced them into Ten Tabled. After a world of Care and Application they were at length enafled and conflrm'd by the Senate, and an AfTemblyof the People, in the Year of Rome 303.

The following Year, they found fomc Things wanting therein, which they fupplied from the Laws of the former Kings of Rome, and from certain Cuftoms, which long Ufe, had authoriz'd 3 thefe being engraven on Two other Tables, made the Law of the twelve Tables, fo famous in the Roman Jurifprudence ; the Source and Foundation of the Civil or Roman Law, See Civil Law.

The Laws of the Twelve Tables, were alfo call'd T)ecem- viral Laws, from the Officers entrufted with the Compofing them. See Decemvir.

"Tis great Pity, this Syftem of Law mould have perifhed thro' the Injuries of Time: We have, now, nothing of it, but a few Fragments difperfed in divers Authors. J. Gothefrid has collected them together, and we have them in Rofimis and fome other Authors, The Latin is very old and barbarous, and remarkably obfeure.

feu Tables, Tabula Nov<e, an EdicT; occasionally pub- lifti'd in the Roman Commonwealth, for the abolifhing all Kinds of Debts, and annulling all Obligations.

It was thus call'd, in regard all antecedent Afts being deftroy'd, there were nothing but new ones to take Place.

Table, among Jewellers. A Table Tiiamond, or other precious Stone, is that whole upper Surface is quite flat 5 and only the Sides cut in Angles : In which Senfe, a Diamond cut Table-wife is ufed in oppofition to a Diamond cut Facetwife. See Diamond.

Table of Glafs. See Case of Glafs K

Table is alfo an Index or Repertory, put at the Beginning or End of a Book, to direct the Reader to any Paflages he may have occafion for. See Index.

Thus we fay, Table of Matters •. Table of Authors quoted $ Table of Chapters, Sec. Tables, of themfelves, fometimes, make large Volumes ; as that of T)aoiz on the Civil and Canon Laws. Tables of the Bible, are call'd Concordances. See Concordance.

Table Rents. See Bord Lands.

Table of Houfes, among Aftrologers, are certain Tables ready drawn up for the Afliftance of Practitioners in that Art, for the erecting or drawing of Figures or Schemes.

Tables, in Mathematicks, are certain Syftems of Num- bers, calculated to be ready at Hand for the expediting Aftronomical, Geometrical, ci?c. Operations.

Agronomical Tables, are Computations of the Motions, Places and other Phenomena of the Planets, both Primary and Secundary. See Planet, Satellite and Moon.

The oldeft Aftronomical Tables, are the c Ptole?naic, found in i Rtolomy\ Almagefl 5 but thefe no longer agree with the Heavens. See Almagest.

In 1252, Alphonfus XI. King of Caftile, undertook the Correcting them, chiefly by the Afliftance of Jfaac Hazan, a Jew ; and fpent 400000 Crowns therein. Thus arofe the Alphonfme Tables, to which that Prince himfelf prefix'cl a Preface.

But the Deficiency of thefe was foon perceiv'd by fpur- hachius and Regiomontanm ; upon which Regiomontanus, and after him WdtheruS and Women's, applied themfelves to ccelcftial Obfervation, for the further amending them; but Death prevented any Progrefs therein.

Copernicus, in his Books of the Cceleftial Revolutions, in- ftead of the Alfhonfine Tables, gives others of his own Cal- culation from the later, and partly from his own, Obferva- tions.

From CofemiCi'Ss Obfervations, and Theories, Eraf. Rew- holdtts afterwards compiled the ^Prutenic Tables, which have been printed feveral Times, and in feveral Places.

Tycho de Srahe, even in his Youth, became fenfible ot the Deficiency of the c Prutemc Tables ; which was what de- termined him to apply himfelf with fo much Vigour to C(£- ■ leftia! Obfervation. Yet all he did thereby, was to adjuft the Motions of the Sun and Moon ; though Longomontantis, from the fame, to the Theories of the feveral Planets pub- lifh'd in his Afironomia T)avica, added Tables of their Mo- tions 5 now call'd the T>anifh Tables; and Kepler, h^wiie, from the fame, in 1627, publifo'd the Rudolph * 6m * which are now much efteem'd,

Thefe