Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/818

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SYMBOLICAL Column 7 q cCom Symbolical Philofophy 5 ?.Hier.

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EROGLYPHIC,

Clemens Alexandrinus, Eufcbius, £5?c. obferve, that the ■/Egyptians had two Ways of defigning their Symbolical Myfle- Hes : One by the Virtues of Animals, Herbs, gfc. the other by Geometrical Figures : Thus, the Sun and Moon were repre- fented, in the firft Manner, by the Beetle and Ibis ; and in the latter, by their own Figure. Again, the four Elements they represented, after the firft Manner, by four Animals which had Qualities correfponding thereto ; and after the fecond Manner by +. See Hieroglyphic.

SYMMETRY, the Relation of Equality, in the Height, Length and Breadth of the Parts neceffary to compofe a beau- tiful Whole.

Symmetry, according to Vitruisius, confifts in the Union and Conformity of Relation, of the Members of a Work, to their Whole, and of each of the feparate Paris to the Beauty of the entire Work ; Regard being had to fome certain Mea- fure : fo that the Body is framed with Symmetry, by the Relation the Arm, Elbow, Hand, Fingers, g?c. have to each other, and to their Whole.

Symnetry,ari{esiiom that Proportion, which theGreeh call Analogy, which is the Relation of Conformity of all the Parts of a Building, and of their Whole, to fome certain Meafure ; whereon depends the Nature of Symmetry.

In Architeflure, we call Uniform Symmetry, that where the Ordonnance reigns in the fame Manner, throughout the whole Pourtour ; and Reffeclive Symraetry, that where only the oppofite Sides are equal to each other.

The Word is form'd from the Greek, <w, with, and kstpiv, Meafure.

SYMPATHETIC, fomething that has a Sympathy, or thataas by Sympathy. See Sympathy.

Sympathetic, is particularly applied to all Difeafes which have two Caufes ; the one remote, the other near.

In which Senfe, the Word is oppofed to Uiopatlxtic. See

IrJIOPATHETIC.

Thus, an Epilepfy is faid to be Sympathetic, when pro- duced by a remote Caufe ; i. e. when theDiforder in the Brain, embarrafs'd, and, as it were, mired with Blood, is preceded and produced by fome other Difeafe.

There is a Sympathetic Palpitation of the Heart, and an Jiiopathetic one. There is but one Idiopathetic Caufe of the Palpitation; but there are feveral Sympathetic ones. See Palpitation.

Among Chymifts and Alchymifts, the Term Sympathetic is principally applied to a kind of 'Powder, and a Sort of Ink.

Sympathetic Inks, are fuch as can be made to ap- pear anddifappear very fuddenly, by the Application of fome- thing which fecms to work by Sympathy. See Ink.

Of thefe, we have fome very curious Inftances and Expe- riments, given us by Lemery and Mr. Boyle ■ to the following Effeft. ' s

1° To two or three Parts of unflak'd Lime, put one of yellow Orpiment ; powder and mix the Two, adding 1 5 or 16 times as much Water as there was Orpiment; flop' up the Viol with a Cork and Bladder, and fet it in warm Embers. Shake the Viol now and then for five Hours, and warily decant the clear Part, or rather filtrate it. In the mean Time, burn a Piece of Cork thoroughly, and when well inflamed, quench it in common Water, or rather in Brandy. Being thus reduced into a friable Coal, grind it with fair Water, wherein Gum Arabic has been diftblved ; and it will make a Liquor as black as the common Ink.

While thefe are doing, diflblve in three Times as much diflill'd orflrong Vinegar, over warm Embers, a Quantity of Red Lead ; or of Saccharum Saturni, in Thrice the Quantity of Water, for three or four Hours ; or 'till the Liquor have a fweet Tafte. This Liquor will be as clear as common Water.

The Inks thus prepared : Write any thing on Paper with this laft Liquor, dry it, and nothing will appear. Over the Place, write what you pleafe with the Second Liquor ; it will appear as if written with common Ink : When dry, dip a fmall Piece of Rag or Spunge in the firft Liquor, rub 'it over the written Place, and the black Writing will vanifti ; and that wrote with the invifible Ink, appear black and legible.

Again, take a Book four or five Inches thick, and on the firft Leaf, write any thing with the laft Liquor : Turn to we other End of the Book, and rub there with a Rag, dipt w the firft Liquor, on that Part, as near as you can guefs, c Ppofite to the Writing ; and leave alfo the Rag there, clap- Ping a Paper over it ; then nimbly /hutting the Book, firike ing the other Side uppermoft, clap it into a Prefi, or lay it under a good Weight, for a Quarter of a n Hour, or even half that Time: Then will the Writing done with the invifible Ink be found white and legible.
 * °»r or five fmart Strokes thereon with your Hand, and turn-

2° Diflblve white or green Vitriol in Water, and writing

with the Solution, nothing will appear. Boil Galls in Water, and dip a L.nnen Rag in the Decoction, and with it rub the Place before writ, and it will appear black and legible. Rub it over again with Spirit of Vitriol, or its Oil, and the Writing will difappear again : Rub it over again with Oil ffI;Zi e C^r mi th6L — will appear again, but Sympathetic Powder, a Powder once very much fam'd ; fuppofed to have this wonderful Property, That if fpread on a Cloth dipt in the Blood ot a Wound, the Wound would be cured, though the Patient were any Number of Miles

This Powder, M. Lemery tells us, is nothing but Romaa Vitriol, opend by the Sun-beams penetrating it, and im- perfectly calcining it, in the middle of Summer? '

But it is now generally alloweda mere Piece of Charletanery, whatever Sn:.Kenelm -Uigby and others before him and after, plead in its Favour.

Sir Kenelm, in an exprefs Treatife on the Subject, where he gives Inftances of Cures perform'd by it, accounts for the Manner of its Operation thus : The Sun's Rays, fays he, at- traft and draw the Spirits of the Blood, at a great Diftance ; by which means the Atoms thereof, are driven and dif'perfed' far and near in the Air. Now, the Spirits of Vitriol, incor- porated with the Blood, fly along with them, and the Two together form a kind of Train of Cotpufcles. On the other Side, there is continually iffuing and exhaling from the Wound, abundance of fiery Spirits, which attraft the neigh- bouring Air, and this Air, by a continued Concatenation, attracting, ftill, the next Air, at length, meets the .Atoms, with the Spirits of the Blood and Vitriol. Thus the Spirits ot the Blood finding their Source again, re-enter into their primitive Seat, and being joined with the vitriolic Spirits, the Wound is comforted and healed, imperceptibly.

But to the Confufion of all this fine Reafonin? ; 'tis found by Experience, that the Powder is fo fir from this Efted at a great Diftance, that 'tis fcarce perceived, if" done in the fame Room with the Patient. Though 'tis poffible, as the Parts of the Vittiol are in continual Motion, if the Cloth be applied juft by the Patient, fome of the Effluvia thereof, may enter the Wound, and help to flop the Bleeding. See Vitriol. _ SYMPATHY, an Agreement of Affections and Inclina- tions ; or a Conformity of natural Qualities, Humouts, Tem- peraments, i$c. which make two Perfons pleas'd and de- lighted with each other.

The Word is form'd from the Greek s i,, with, and OT £©-, Paffion, q. d. Coin-pafiion, Fellow-feeling.

Sympathy is alfo uied with regard toinanimate Things ; intimating fome Propenfion they have to unite, or to aft on one another.

In this Senfe, Naturalifts fhy, there is a Sympathy be- tween the Vine and the Elm ; between the Load-Stone and Iron ; the two Poles of a Load-Stone, Ijc.

Several Authors have wrote on the Sympathies and Antipa- thies between Animals ; but the greateft Part of what they fay is fabulous : Such, e. gr. is that Antipathy between Chotds made of Sheeps and Wolfs Guts ; A Lute, they fay, being ftrung with thefe two Kinds of Chords, they can never be brought into Tune with each other: Such alfb is that of Eagles Feathets, which mix'd with thofe of other Birds devour and confume them. See Antipathy.

The Alchymifts talk much of the Powder of Sympathy. See Sympathetic Powder.

Sympathy,' in Medicine, an Indifpofition befalling one Part of the Body.thro' the Diforder or Faultinefs of another ; whether it be thro' the Affluence of fome Humour, or Va- pour fent from elfewhere ; or thro' the Want of the Influ- ence of fome Matter neceffary to its Action. See Consent of Parts.

For the Force and EffeB of Sympathy, in the Production of Monfters. See Monster.

SYMPHISIS, in Medicine, one of the Manners of arti- culating or jointing the Bones. See Articulation.

Symphijis is a natural Union, whereby two feparate Bones are render'd contiguous, and become one, fo, as neither has any proper, diflinS Motion.

Such are moft of the Junctures of the Epiphytes, and many others of Bones which in Children are feparate, but with Age grow together ; as the Os Ethmoides, the Bones of the Cranium, Os Sacrum, fjc. See Bone.

The Symphijis, or Natural Union of Bones, is of two Kinds; either with a Medium, or without.

The Symphijis without Medium, is where two Bones unite, and grow together of themfelves without the Interven- tion of any third Thing : Such are the Symfhifes of Epi- phyfes with the principal Bones ; and fuch thofe of the lower Jaw. This Union is effefled much after the fame Manner as that of a Graft and a Tree.

The Symphijis with a Medium is of three Kinds, call'd Synenrofu, Syfarchofis, and Synchondrosis. Each whereof fee under its proper Article, Syneorosis, $Slc,

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