Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/814

 SUT

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SUT

As, the Surveyor General of the King's Manors; Surveyor of the King's Exchange; Surveyor General of the Works; Surveyors of the Highways, &c.

Surveyor of the Melting, is an Officer of the Mint, whfe Bufinefs is to fee the Bullion caft out; and that it be notalter'd after the Delivery of it to the Melter, See Mint and Coinage,

Surveyor of the Navy, is an Officer, whofe Bufinefs is to know the State of all Stores, and fee the Wants fupplied; to Survey the Hulls, Marts and Yards of Ships; to Audit the Boatfwain's and Carpenter's Accounts. See Navy.

Surveyor of the Ordnance, is an Officer, whofe Charge is to Survey all the King's Ordnance, Stores and Provifions of War, in the Cuflody of the Store-keeper of the Tower of London; to allow all Bills of Debts, to keep Checks on Labourers and Artificers Works, &c. See Ordnance.

S'/rveyor is alfo ufed for a Gauger; and alfo for a Pcrfon who meafures Lands. Sec Surveying and Gauging.

SURVIVOR, in Law, fignifies the longer Liver of two joint Tenants; or any Two joined in the Right of any Thing.

SUSPENSION or SUSPENSE, in Common Law, is a Temporal Stop of a Mans Right.

As, when a Seigniory, Rent, tfc. by reafon of the Unity of Pofleffion thereof and of the Land out of which they iffue, are not in effe for a certain Time, and tunc dormiunt j but may be revived: and thus it differs from Extinguifh- menr, which dies for ever. SccExtinguishment.

Suspension, in the Common Law, is what we other- wife call rhe minor Excommunication, viz, a Ccnfure in- flicted by way of Puni fitment, on an Ecclefiaflic, for fbme confiderable Fault. See Censure and Excommunica- tion.

'Tis of two Kinds, viz. ab Officio, and a Seuefcio.

Sufpenfion ab Officio, is that whereby a Minifrer is, for a Time, declared unfit to execute the Office of a Miniffer. See Officio.

Sufpenfion a Seneficio, is when a Minifler is, for a Time, deprived of the Profits of his Benefices. See Beneficio.

Where rhe Fault is more Notorious, the two Kinds of Stiff enfious are fometimes joined; and the Ferfon fufpended ab Officio, and a Seneficio likewife. See Deprivation, C?c."

Suspension, the Act of preventing the Effect, or Courfe of any thing, tor a certain Time.

The principal Point urged in the Philofbphy of the Scep- ricks and Tyrrhenians, is a Sufpenfion of Mind. See Scep-

TICKS, PYRRHONIANS, &C.

A Sufpenfion of Arms, in War, is a fit ort Truce the con- tending Patties agree on, for the Burial of their Dead, the waiting tor Succours, or the Orders of their Mailers, l£c.

In Rhetorick, Sufpenfion is a keeping the Hearer attentive and doubtful; in expectation of what the Speaker will con- clude in : as, O God '. jDarknefs is not more oppofite to Light; Tempejis to Calms; 'Pain to 2>leafure; orDeath to Life; than Sin to thee.

Suspension, in Mechanicks. 'Points of Sufpenfion in a Bailance, are thofe Points in the Axis or Beam wherein the Weights are apply 'd; or from which they are fufpended. See Baelance.

SUSPENSOR Te/iici/li, in Anatomy, a Mufcle call'd alio Cremafier. See Cremaster.

SUSPIRAL, a Spring of Water, palling under Ground towards a Conduit ot Ciitern; alfo a Breathing-Hole, or Venti- duct, See Ventiduct.

SUTE. See Suite.

SUTH-Ztor, in ancient Cufloms, the South Door of a Church. The Suth-dure is mentioned in old Authors, as the ufual Place where canonical Purgation was perform'd : that is, when the Fact could not be proved by fufficient Evidence, the Party accufed, came to the South Door of the Chutch; and there, in the Prefence of the People, made Oath, that he was Innocent. See Purgation.

This was called Judicium 'Dei. 'Tis for this Reafon, that Potchcs are built at the South Doors of Churches. See Porch.

SUTURE, SUTURA', in Anatomy, a particular Kind of Juncture, or Articulatioa, of certain Bones in the Animal Bodv; thus call'd, as refembling a Seam. See Articu- lation.

There are two Kinds of Sutures; the one call'd the true or genuine Suture; wherein the Bones are indented like Saws, and reciprocally rcceiv'd into each other.

The other, call'd the falfe, or fpurious, or fquammous Su- tures; wherein the Bones arc laid over each other, like the Scales of Fifhes.

The Bones of the Cranium are ufually join'd by three genuine Sutures; the Coronal, reaching acrofs from one Tem- ple to t'other. See Coronal.

,The Sagittal, joining the OfTa Parietalia. See Sagittal.

And the Lambdoidal; thus call'd from its refembling the Greek A, Lambda.

Befidcs thefe, is a fourth Suture, of the fpurious orfciu'anr- mous Kind, fuppos'd, tho' falfely, to have no Indentures • It joins the OfTa Temporum to the Os Sphainoidcs, Occipitis, &c. and is alfo call'd the temporal Suture* See Squam- mous.

Natural Hiflorians tell us, Thar in Verfia 'tis frequent to have People without any Sutures at all in the Skull; but the whole one folid Bone; vet without any apparent Inconveni- ence : And M. Flechier, in his Life of Cardinal Ximenes, affirms the fame of that Cardinal; yet it fhould feem that great Diforders fhould arife therefrom; as the Perfpiration could be but very imperfectly effected; whence Heavinefs and Swimming in the Head. See Cranium.

Suture, in Chirurgery, a Seam made to clofe the Lips of a Wound, in order to its healing. See Wound,

The Ancients invented a great Variety of Sutures, which they reduced to three Kinds; luearuatives, Rejlrindives and Confervativcs.

Lncaruative Suture, is thus call'd, becaufe, by rejoining' the Edges of a Wound, and keeping them together by the means of a Thread run acrofs them with a Needle; they grow together, and incarnate as before. See Incarnative.

This.they fub-divided into five Kinds, viz-, the Interrupted, Jntertwijted, Pinn'd or Feather 'd, with Clafps, and the Dry Suture.

Of thefe Five, two are perfectly difufed, viz. the feather 'A Suture and the Suture with Clafps, as being too barbarous, and at the fame Time unnecefTary. The Firfl was call'd Pinn'd, when little Pins were made ufe of; and feather'd, when the Barrels of Feathers or Quills.

To perform it, two or three Needles, threaded with a double Thread, were pafs'd through the Lips of the Wound, at a Finger's breadth from each other, and a Pin or Feather put in the Stitch; and another Pin or Feather bound with the Ends of the fame Thread; that the Feathers might keep the Lips of the Wound clofe together.

To perform the Second, they had large, crooked Clafps, pointed at each End; one of which they t'hrult into the upper Part of the Wound, the othet into the lower, to bring the Lips together.

Thefe Sutures, cruel as they were, arc yet known to be ufelefs; for in the only Cafes whete they fhould feem fervice- able, viz. in deep Wounds, where the Contraction of the flefhy Parts keeps the Lips far afunder, and in Wounds of Tendons; they expofe the Patient to terrible Convullions and Shuddcrings, which are avoided, by diminifhing the Dilata- tion of the Wounds, by moderate Compreflions, and waiting till the Fibres relax.

Refirmclive Sutures, were thofe wherewith they endea- vour'd to flop the Flux of Blood from large Wounds, where any confiderable Veffels were cut.

To this End they invented feveral Kinds, in the Number whereof, were the Shoe-maker's, Taylor's, Skinner's and other Seams; all more impertinent than each other. 'Tis evident, the very Defign of fuch a Suture is blameable : For fuppofin" the Wound fo exactly few'd up, that no Blood could efcape through the Lips thereof; yet will it flill flow out of the Veffels; and will thus be forced to make its Way within the Interlines of the Mufcles, by which means the Part will fwell, rot and gangtene. Yet the Skinners Suture, SutUrii Pellionum, is flill preferved for Wounds of the Inteflines .- 'Tis thus call'd, becaufe the Skinners ufe the fame, in f wing up the Holes made by the Butchers, in flcaing offtheSkin. "'

Covfervative Suture, is that kind of ancient Suture, whereby the Lips of large Wounds, wherein there was a Lofs of Subflance, were prevented from receding too far, But a Bandage, now, fuffices.

The Intertwifted Suture, is thus call'd, becaufe the Needles being left flicking in the Wound, the Thread is wound around them; much after the fame Manner as the Taylors do the rhreaded Needles they keep in their Sleeves, ' l$c. This Suture is perform'd two Ways; for either the Needles are pafs'd acrofs the Wound, or they are ftuck on the Sides thereof.

All the Sutures hitherto mention'd, are made with Needle and Thread : Befide which, there is another Kind, call'd dry Sutures, which are perform'd with Glue or Size; or other proper vifeous Matter.

The dry Suture is ordinarily made with fmall Pieces of Leather, or Linnen Cloth, indented like a Saw, fb that the 'Teeth may fall between each other, and the whole Row may be clos'd. The Cloth, before it is cut into this Form, is fpread with fbme proper Emplaifter, in order to its firm Adhefion.

The Plaiilers thus prepar'd, being cut into the proper Form, are apply'd on the firm Flefh, according to the Length of the Wound, reaching from it to the Diftance of fbme Inches; and after they are dry'd, or well faflen'd to the Part, the Lips of the Wound being approach 'd, they may conveniently be neld together by the Suture in that Pofiure.

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