Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/809

 SUP

SUYER-Infiitution ; is one Inftitution upon another • as if A be admitted and inftituted to a Benefice upon one Tide, and B admitted, intiituted, i£c. by the Prestation of another.

SUPERINTENDANT, in the French Cuftoms, an Officer who has the prime Management and Direction of the Finances or Revenues of the French King.

The Term is alio uied for the firft Officer in the Queen's Family, who has the chief Adminiftration of the Houfhold.

They have alfo a Superintendant of the Buildings, an- fwering to the Surveyor of the Works among us.

The Cardinal de Richelieu made himielt Superintendant of Commerce.

Superintendant, is alfo an Ecclefiaftical Superior in ieveral Reform'd Churches where Epiicopacy is not admit- ted 5 particularly among the Lutherans in Germany, and the Calvivifts in fbme other Places.

The Superintend ant is, in Effeft, little elfe but a Bifliop 5 only his Power is ibmewhat more reftrain'd than that of our Bifliops.

He is the chief Paftor, and has the Direction of all the inferior Pallors within his DiitricT: or Dioceie.

In Germany they had formerly Superintendants General, who were fuperior to the ordinary Superintendants. Thele, in reality, were Archbiihops 3 but the Dignity is funk into Dilute j and, at pre lent, none but the Superintendant tfWh- temberg affhmes the Quality of Superintendant General.

SUPERIOR, (bmetbing rais'd above another, or that has a Right to command another.

Thus an Abbot is call'd the Superior of an Abbey 5 and a Prior the Superior of a Convent. See Abbot, &c.

The Canonists hold, that a perpetual Superiority forms a Title : But a Superkr may be continued by thole "who con- flicted him ftich, yet without the Superiority's being ren- der'd, by that Means, perpetual. The Church of France allow the Superiority of the Pope ; not his Infallibility, as all the other Romiih Churches do.

SUPERJURARE : Antiently, when a Criminal endea- vour'd, &c. to excufe himielf by his own Oath, or by that of one or more Witneffes ; and yet the Crime lo notorious, that he was convicted by the Oaths of many more Witnefles $ this was call'd Superjurare.

SUPERLATIVE, in Grammar, an Inflexion of Nouns Adjectives, ferving to augment and heighten their Significa- tion, and to /hew the Quality of the Thing to be in the higheft Degree. See Degree.

In Englijb, the Superlative is ufually form'd by the Addi- tion of eft •-, as Richeft, Hohelt, &c. Rarely by the Addi- tion of iffimo, as Generaliffimo ; more frequently by the prefixing of moft, as Moil Honourable, Mod Amiable, &c.

The French are generally fore'd to form their Superlatives, by prefixing of levins, fometimes of tres, and (bmetimes of

fort.

The Italians and Spaniards have great Advantages over them in this Refpect ; their Language abounding with mag- nificent Words to exaggerate Things withal : yet the Hebrews are more poor than the French in this Relpect, as having neither Comparatives nor Superlatives.

They uie to exprels thele Degrees by the Particles joter and meod, Jbmerimes by the Prepofition rain, and fome- times by re-doubling the Words ; which is what we frequent- ly find in the Vulgate.

SUPERNUMERARY, fomething over and above a fix'd Number.

In feveral of the Offices are Supernumerary Clerks, &c. to be ready on extraordinary Occafions, £f?c.

There are alto Supernumerary Surveyors of the Excife, to be ready to iupply Vacancies when they fall. They have but half Pay,

In Mufic, the Supernumerary, call'd bythzGreeks *Prc-jlam- hanomenos, is the loweft of the Chords of their Syflem ; anfwering to a, mi, la, of the loweft Octave of the Mo- derns. See Proslambanomehos and Diagram.

SXJFKR-purgation, in Medicine, an exceffive, over-violent Purging. See Purgation.

A Man who had taken Powder of Diacarthamus inwardly, was ient by it to Stool an hundred times $ and was cured of the Sitper-purgation by a Pound of Capon-Brorh, an Ounce of Saccharum Rofatum, five Grains of Laudanum, and the Yolk of an Egg.

In lieu of Laudanum, they Ibmetlmes ufe a Drachm and a half of new Treacle. 'Burnet.

SUPERSCAPULARIS inferior? call'd alfo lufrafpha- ttts ; a Mufcle that helps to draw the Arm backwards. It covers all the Space that is between the Spine, and the Teres minor 5 and is interred into the Neck of the Hu- merus.

SUPERSCAPULARIS fuperior, in Anatomy, a Mufcle call'd alfo Snprafpinatus. See Supraspinatus.

SUPERSEDEAS, is a Writ iiiued in divers Cafes, im- porting, in general, a Command to flay or forbear the

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doing of that Which ought not to be done, but which, in An- pearanceo Law, ought to be done, were itnot for thatCaule, whereon the Writ is granted. This, a Man, regularly, is to have Surety ot Peace, again!! him of whom he will iweaf he is afraid; and the Juttice requird hereunto can't deny it him : yet it the Party be formerly bound to the Peace, either in Chancery, or clfewhere, this Writ lies, to Hay the jull.ee from doing that, which otherwise he ought not to deny. &

SUPERSTITION an extravagant Devotion, or a Re- lig.on ill directed, and ill condufted. See Rei icion.

Twas a Piece of Silterjlmm in the ancient Romans, to oblerve the Flight of Birds, the Entrails of Victims tic.

I he Rxmiffi ! 'nefts make a fine Penny of the Superfiitim of the 1 eople ; Moni, Thiers has an exprels Treatile d>s Sll- fafitttms Vqpulaires. Women, he obierves, are naturally- more inclin'd to Superjlitim than Impiety Thtarch has endeavour d to (hew, that Sufrrpti*, is wife than Atheiim. The Pumihment allotted by leveral Councils for the Supsrfii- ttous, was to fail a Month in Prjfon.

SUPERVISOR, figuifies a Surveyor, or Overfcer.

It was formerly, and is Hill among!! fume, a Cullom, ef. peciallyof the better Sort, to make a Sutefvifor of a Will, but it is to little Purpofe ; as being now fo carelelly ex- ecuted. However, the firfl Intendment might be good, that he Ihould lupervife the Executors, and fee the Will truly perform'd.

SUPINATION, in Anatomy, the Action of a Supinator Mufcle ; or the Motion whereby it turns the Hand, lb, as that the PaUn is lifted upwards towards Heaven, See Supinator.

SUPINATORES, in Anatomy, two Mulcles of the Arm; the one call'd Supinator hums, the other Supinator brevis.

lhe firllariies by a flelhy Beginning, three or four Fin- gers Breadth above the external Extuberance of the Hume- rus. It lies along all the Radius, to whole inferior and ex- ternal Part ,t, s inferred by a pretty broad Tendon.

i he fall comes from the external and upper Part of the Ulna, and pafljng round the Radius, is inferted into its upper and (ore Part, below the Tendon of the Biceps. Thcle turn the Palm of the Hand upwards. _ SUPINE, in the Latin Grammar, a Part of the Con- jugation of a Verb, of like Effect with the Infinitive Mood. See Verb, Mood, fjc.

There are two Kinds of Supines, the one in urn, whole Signification is aaive, and marks a Motion, as dare ntipmm ; the other in it, having a paffive Signification, as horrendum Auditu, Zgc. The Supines have neither Number nor Perfon.

They have their Name, fays Trobus, and after him Voffius, quod ad mftar Supinorum (g oticfirum hominum om- nia habent ceufiifa. Or, according to 'Prij'cian, quid nafcan- m • erparticipHS paffhis qu<e liipina appeilata pint, quia in ivpm locofita mam cmjugatioms molem fufcipimt

SUPPLANTALIA, among Phyficians, Plaillers apply'd tt the Soles of the Feer, generally made of Leaven, Milliard, wild Radifh, Salt, Soap, Gunpowder, &c.

SUPPLEMENT of an Ark in Geometry, or Trigonome- try, is the Number of Degrees that it wants of being an mtire Semicircle ; as Complement fignifies what an Ark wants of being a Quadrant. See Quadrant, Comple- ment, (Sc.

Supplement, in Matters of Literature, an Appendage to a Book, to Iupply what is wanting thetein. See IV

RERGON.

Frenfoemius has wrote divers Supplements, to reflore the Books of feveral ancient Authors, Part whereof had been loll.

The French alfo ufe the Word Supplement for a Kind of Tax, or Atter-paymenf charg'd on Lands, Offices, l$c. that are pretended to have been fold beneath their Value

SUPPL1CAV1T, a Writ iffuing out of Chancery, for taking the Surety of Peace againit a Man. It is directed to the Juflices of the Peace, and Sheriff of the County ; and is grounded on the Statute i Ed. 3. which appoints, that certain Perfons fliall be affign'd by the Lord Chancellor to take Care of the Peace.

SUPPORTED, in Heraldry, a Term apply'd to the uppermoH Quarters of a Shield, when divided into feveral Quarters; thefe leeming, as it were, filpported or iHfain'd by thofe below. See Quarter'd.

The Chief is alio faid to be fufforted when it is of two Colours, and the upper Colour takes up two Thirds of it 1. In this Cafe it iefupported by the Colour underneath.

SUPPORTERS, in Heraldry, Figures in an Achieve- ment, plac'd by the Side of the Shield, and feeming to filpport, or hold up the fame. See Atchievement, Shield, i£c.

The Supporters of the Euglif) Arms are a Lion and an Unicorn ; iome of the former Kings had a Leopard and an Unicorn ; others Griffons ; others Eagles. See Arms.

The Supporters of the French Arms are Angels; which

are faid to have been firft introdue'd by 'Philip VI j his De-

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