Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/808

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others i $000 ; but allowing M.dela Hire's Parallax of (,", the ■Sim's mean Diftance will be 17188 Diameters of the Earth; and allowing that of Caffini, only 14182- See Distance.

The apparent Diamerer of the Sun, is not found always the lame. Ptokmy makes it, when greateft, 33' 20" Tycho 32', Kepler 31' 4", Ricciolns 32' 8", Caffini 32' 20", De la Hire 32' 43". Its mean, apparent Diameter, according to IPtekmy, is 32' 18"; according to Tycho 31'; according to Kepler 30' 30"; accordingto Ricciolm si' 40"; according to Caffini 31' 40"; according to "Be In Hire 32' io". ltsleaft Diameter, 'Ptolemy makes 31' 20"; Tycho 30'; Kepler 30'; Ricciolns 3 1' ; &#>« 3 1' 8'' ; ffle&J Hire 3 1' 38".

The true Diameter of the #<« to that of the Earth, is computed to be, as 10000 to 208. SeeDiAMETER.

For the Lclipfes of the Sun; ice Eclipse.

Cycle of the Son. See Cycle.

Meridian Altitude of the Sun, l£c. See Meridian Altitude.

SUNDAY, the Firft Day of the Week; thus call'd by our Idolatrous Anceflors, becauft fet apart for the Worfhip of the Stm.

'Tis now alfo call'd the Lord's Day, becaufe kept a Feaft in Memory of our Lord's Refurrection on this Day ; and Sabbath Day, becaufe iiibflituted, under the new Law, in the Place of the Sabbath, in the old Law. See Sabbath-

In the Breviary, and other Offices, we meet with Sundays of the firft and fecond Clafs : Thole of the firft Clafs, are 'Palm, Ectfler, Advent and Whit-Sunday, thofe of guafnm- do and §>uadrigefmo ; each whereof, lee under its proper Article.

Thofe of the fecond Clafs, are the common Sundays. Anciently, each Sunday in the Year had its particular Name, which was taken from the Introit of the Day; which Cuftom has only been continued to fome few in Lent ; as Reminif cere, Oculi, Lecture, Judica.

It was Conftantitie the Great, that firft made a Law for the Obiervation of Sunday ; and that, according to Eufebius, appointed it fhould be regularly celebrated throughout the Roman Empire.

Before him, and even in his Time, they obferved both the Jewifb Sabbath and Sunday, at the fame Time ; both to fatisty the Law of Mofes, and to imitate the Apoftles, who ufed to meet together on the firft Day.

Indeed, lome are of Opinion, that the Lord's Day, men- tion'd in the Apocalypfe, is our Sunday; which they will have to have been fo early inftituted by the Apoftles. Be this as it will, 'tis certain, a Regard was had rothisDay, even in the earlieft Ages of the Church ; as appears from the firft Apology of Jufiin Martyr, where he describes the Ex- ercife of the Day, not much unlike to ours.

By Confiantine's Laws, made in 321; it was decreed, That for the future, the Sunday fhould be kept a Day of Reft in all Cities and Towns; but he allowed the Country People to follow their Work. In 538, the Council at Orleans prohibited this Country-labour ; but in regard there were flill abundance of Jews in the Gauls, and that the People gave into a good many Superftitious Ufages, in the Celebra- tion of the' New Sabbath, like thofe of the Jews in that of the Old ; the Council declares, That to believe it un- lawful to travel with Horfes, Cattle and Carriages, to pre- pare Foods, or to do any thing relating to the Cleannefs and Decency of Houfes or Perfons, favours more of Judaifm than Chriftianity.

Sunday Letter. See Dominical Letter.

SVS-Flcwer. SeeTouRNsoLE.

SUOVETAURILIA, or S0L1TAURILIA, aSacrifice among the ancient Romans ; wherein they offer'd Three Viflims, of Three different Kinds, viz. a Bull, a Ram and a Boar.

Livy defcribing ir, calls it Suovetaurilia, as compoied of Sus, Ovis and 'Taurus, the Names of the Three Victims facri- ficed. Dion. Halicarnaffieus defcribing the fame, calls it Solitaurilia, in regard 'twas required, that the Victims were intire, and withour any Defect ; Sollus, or folus, in the Language of the Ofci, Signifying Integer.

SUPERBIPARTIENS -,

SUPF.RPART1CULARIS / SUPERPARTIENS v

SUPERQUADRIPARTlENS( SUPERTRIPARTIENS

See Ratio.

SUPERCARGO, a Perfon imploy'd by the Owners of Ships, to go a Voyage, to overfee the Cargo or Lading, and to dilpofe of it to their beft Advantage, for which {Service he is allowed good Provifion, becaufe the Truft repofed in him, is very considerable.

SUPERCILIUM, in Anatomy, the Eye-brow. See Eye-

Sufercilium, in the ancient Architecture, the upper- nioft Member of the Cornice, call'd by the Moderns, Corona, Crown, or Larimer.

Mr. Evelyn conceives, it fhould rather have been cally Stillkidkim, Drip, to denote its Office of Sheltering t „ Order from Rain, sjc. See Corona and Larmier,

Sufercilium, is alfo ufed for a fquare Member to.) the upper Tore in fome PcdcUals. Some Authors confnmS It with the Tore itfelf. und

.. SUPEREROGATION, in Theology, what a Man does ■beyond his Duty, or beyond what he is commanded to do. . The Romanijts ftands up ftrenuoufly (or Works of Super. engation; and maintain, that Evangelical Councils are fuch~ By means hereof, a Stock of Merit is laid up ; which the Church has the Difpofal of, and which flic diftribu te s in Indulgences to fuch as need. See Indulgence.

The Reformed Church don't allow of any Work of Super- erogation ; but held, with the Apoftle, That when we have done our befl, we are but unprofitable Servants. See MerIt

SUPERFETATION, in Medicine, an After-Conception - or a ,'econd Generation, happening when the Mother, already pregnant, conceives, of a later Coition ; lb that Hie bears at once Two Fietus's of unequal Age and Bulk, and is delivered of them at different Times. See Birth, Conception F-^tus, $$c. *

We meet with Inftances of Superfetations of Women, in Hippocrates, Ariftotle, Pliny, du Laurens, sjc. But they are much more frequent in Hares and Sows.

An Inftance of an extraordinary Kind of Superfetation, we have in Bartholin; who tells us, That a Danifi Girl was born big with Child.

Menzelius, a German Phylician, adds, That in 1672, the A^Sfe-of a Phyfician, in Thuringia, was delivered of a Girl big with another ; whereof fhe was delivered in Eight Days Time ; and which was Baptized, and died a Day after her Mother.

The Naturalifts hold, That Female Rats are frequently born with young Rats in their Wombs.

In the King of Denmark's Cabinet, is feen an Egg, in the middle whereof is another Egg perfectly form'd. ciee Ego.

We meet with fomething like a Superfetation in Plants too • there being a kind of Lemon found to grow inclofed in the Body of another.

In the Hiftory of the Royal Academy of Sciences, for the Year 1 709, mention is made of a Letter from a very confider- able Magiftrate, to the Academy, containing a very remarkable Inftance of a Superfetation ; a Butcher's Wife of Aix being delivered in that Year of Nine Children, each about Two- Days after other, all well form'd and alive.

The Word is form'd from the Latin, Super, over, and fetus Embryo.

SUPERFICIAL Content. See Superficies, Area and Measuring.

SUPERFICIES, or SURFACE, in Geometry, a Magni- tude, considered as having Two Dimensions ; or extended in Length and Breadth ; but without Thicknefs or Depth. See Dimension.

In Bodies, the Superficies is all that preients itfelf to the Eye. See Body.

A Superficies is chiefly confider'd, as the external Part of a Solid ; when we fpeak of a Surface limply, and without any regard ro Body, we ufually call it Figure. See Figure.

A RetJilinear Superficies, is that comprehended be- tween Right Lines.

A Curvilinear Superficies, that comprehended between Curve Lines. See Curve.

A 'Plane Superficies, is that which has no Inequality, but lies evenly between its boundary Lines. See Plane. '

A Convex Superficies, is theexterior Part of a Spherical Body. See Convex.

A Concave Surface, is the internal Part of an orbicular Body. See Concave.

The Meafure or Quantity of a Surface, is call'd the Area thereof. See Area.

The finding of this Meafure or Area, is call'd tht Quadra- ture thereof. See Quadrature.

To Meafure the Surfaces of the feveral Kinds of Bodies, as Spheres, Cubes, Parallelepipids, Pyramids, Prifms, Cones, £Sfc. See Sphere, Cube, Parallelepipid, &c.

Line of Superficies, a Line ufually found on the Secfor, and Gunter's Scale. See Scale.

The Defcription and Ufe hereof, fee under the Articles Sector and Gunter'5 Scale.

SUPERFINE, in the Manufaflurcs, a Term ufed to ex- prefs the fuperlative Finenefs of a Stuff.

Thus a Cloth, a Camlet, fi?c. are faid to be Superfine, when made ofthefineft Wool, Silk, iSc or when they are the fineft that can be made.

The Term is particularly ufed among Gold Wiar-drawers, for the Gold or Silver-wiar, which after being drawn through an infinite Number of Holes, each lefs and lefs, is, at length, brought not to be bigger than a Hair. See Go^n-Wiar.

SUPERINCESSUS radens? „ cSlidinc

SuPERINCESSUS VolvCUS i e i Rolling.

SUPER-