Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/805

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S U L

$i-y caft a Drop of fome Effence in, when the St'gar is put- Ping i nt0 the Forms.

This Method of making Sugar-Candy is that of F, Labat, praftis'd in the Caribbees : The Method in Europe, defcrib'd by 'Fernet, is fomewhat different.

j^ii&NM Sugar-Candy they make of white refin'd 5!^^» boil'd with Water into a thick Syrop, in a large Peel. Tis candied in a Stove, whither 'tis carry'd, inclos'd in brals feels, crois'd with little Rods, about which the Cryftals fatten as they are form'd.

The Fire of the Stove is kept equable for fifteen Days; after which, the Sugar is taken out ot the Peels to be dry'd. Reiot brown Sugar Candy is made like the white, except that they only ufe brown Sugars and earthen Pots.

Barley Sugar, is a Sugar boil'd till it be brittle, and then call on a Stone anointed, with Oil of fweet Almonds, and form'd into twifted Sticks, about the Length of the Hand, and the Thicknefs of a Finger,

It fhould be boil'd up with a Decoction of Barley, whence it takes its Name; but in Lieu thereof, they now generally ufe common Water, to make the Sugar the finer. To give it the brighter Amber Colour, they fometimes caft Saffrork into it. Tis found very good for the Cure of Colds and Rheums.

Sugar of Rofes, is white Sugar clarify'd, and boil'd into a Confidence, in Rofe- Water j when boil'd, they form it into Lozenges, ibmetimes into little Hail, of the Size of Peas, by keeping it flirting till it b-: cold and dry. Tis reputed good to ibften and allay Acrimonies, %$c. of the Bread,

~Svg.kk of Saturn? q Sat rn. Sugar of Lead $

of

SUGGESTION, the Aft of furniftung one with a Thought, or Defign, or of insinuating it artfully into his Mind.

In the Civil Law a Teftament is faid to be made by Sag- gefiion, when 'tis made by Surprize, and contrary to the In- tention of the Teftator. See Testament.

IF Suggejlion be prov'd, the Teftament -becomes null. Articles and Legacies of Suggejlion are not admittable againft a Teftament wrote with the Teftator's own Hand, which is never fufpetted.

SUIT, or SUTE, Setla, in Law, (from the French Suit % a following one another) is ufed in divers Senles.

As, i° ', Suit in Law; which is of two Kinds, Real and. <Perfonal : The fame with what we call Real and 'Perfonal AcJions. See Action.

2°. Suit of Court-, or Suit of Service; an Attendance which the Tenant owes the Court of his Lord. See Service.

3°. Suit Covenant; is when your Anc'eftor hath covenanted with mine to fue to his Court.

4°. SuitCuJiom; when I and my Anceftors owe Suit time out of Mind. ,

5°. Suit Real, or Regal j when Men come to the onentt s Turn orLeet. ■ ^, r -en

'6°. Suit fignifies the following one in Ceaje, as strep Suit. ■ ,; ■ -i_-.

Laftly, Suit fignifies a Petition made to the King, or any

Great Perlbn.

SULPHUR, in Natural Hiftory, a fat unctuous Mineral Subftance, fufible and inflammable by Fire, and not diflolu- He or mifcible in Water. See Fossil. .,

It is particularly call'd Fofjil, or Mineral Sulphur, to di- ftinguifh it from the Sulphur of Metals, or of the Philofo- fhers. See Metal.

Sulphurs make a particular Clafi ofFoflils^ divided into

Solid and Fluid. _\

The Solid Sulphurs ate, common Sulphur, or Sulphur pro- perly fo call'd, Atfenic And Amber. See Arsenic and

The 'liquid Sulphurs are, Afphaltum, or "Pifafphaltum, Bitumen, 'Petroleum, Naptha, and Oleum Terrce, &c. See Bitumen, Pisasphaltum, Petroleum, Naptha, &c*

Sulphur, properly fo call'dj ot Brimpne, is of three Kinds, vi&. Vivum, Mineral, and Common Sulphur. _

Sulphur Vivum is thus called, as being fuch as it is taken

out of the Mine : It is a kind of greyifh argillous Clay,

which eafily takes Fire, and, in burning, cafts a ftrong ful-

- phurous Smell. Its Colour occafions its being fometimes

catt'd Grey Sulphur. -

'Tis chiefly brought from Sicily, and is but little ufed, except in ibme Galenical Compofitions, and to fulphur Wine, to make it keep in Carriage. ,.

The bell is foft, fmooth, triable, and fhining, of a Moufe- Colour, and nor too full of Smell.

Mhteral Sulphur, call'd allb Yellow Sulphur; is a Kind ot hard, earthy Bitumen, of a fhining yellow Colour, a ftrong ftinkino Smell, eafily taking Fire, and difiblvmg.

Vulcanos orburning Mountains, as Fefuvius, JEtntt, i$c. yet is
 * Tis found in great Quantities in the Neighbourhood ot

it likewife found in its particular Mines; and we have very good from feveral Parts of Italy and Switzerland, tho' the beft is that of gHiitto and Nicaragua in America.

'Tis from this Sulphur, that the Common Sulphur ufed in Gunpowder, and on divers other Occafions, is drawn, by Means of Fire and Whale Oil, which diflblving it, 'tis pour'd into Moulds, and thus form'd into thole Cylinders we.findjt in.

This Cpmmvn Sulphur \s either better or worfe, according to the Refinery it comes from. That of Holland has a long Time had the Vogue; the Jecond Place has been given to that of Venice, and the third to that of Marfeilles; but thft Order ieems to have been fince chang'd, and that from Mar- feilles is now in the firft Place.

It is chofen in large thick Cylinders, of a golden yellow Colour, very brittle, and when broke, appearing all brill iant 8 as if Cryftatlized. . ...

Befide the Ufe of Sulphur in the Composition of Gun- powder, whereof it is one of the three Ingredients, and that which makes it take Fire fo readily, (See "Gunpowder) 'tis of fome Ule in Medicine, and more in Chymiftry. 'Tis alio ufed in whitening Silken and Woollen Stuffs; to which End, the Vapour thereof is contriv'd to be receiv'd by them. See Bleaching.

. Its Vapour alfb whitens red Rotes, and even young Rooks, taken out of the Nell, and expos'd thereto, become perfect- ly wbi-s. It has the fame Effect on Gold; which is to be relfored to its Colour by boiling it in Water with Tartar.

The Chymical Analyfis of Sulphur is very difficult; its Principles being fo volatile, and withal fo faff bound toge- ther, that they either rife all together, or are difllpated and IdII .in being feparated. .

. M,Homberg, however, has at length found the Secret of feparating the Principles, and of faving them at the fame Time. He finds it confifts of an Acid Salt, an Earth, an oily,bituminous,and inflammable Matter, and ufually a little Metal,

The three firft he finds, by a, long Series of Operations, are in pretty equal Quantities, but the laft, which he finds to be Copper, inconsiderable. The Acid, he adds, is ex- actly the lame with that of Vitriol; the Oil thick and red as Blood, appears to be the inflammable Part, and that which conftitutes the Chymical Principle Sulphur, but that it retains fome heterogeneous Matter in the Operation. The Earth is extremely fix'd, and unalterable by the ftrongeft Fire.

M. Gecjfroy tried the Recompofition of Sulphur on M.' Hombergs Principles, and with Succefs. The pure Acid Salt oi'Sulphur, being mix'd with an equal Quantity of the oily Matter, and earthy Alcali, and a little Oil of Tartar, and the Operation conducted according to the Rules of Art, the Mixture was converted into a pure burning Sulphur.

This done, he attempted the Campofmon of Sulphur* not by recompounding it out of the lame Matters it had been refolv'd into, but by uiing Matters judged of the fame Nature. Thus, by fubftituring Oil of Vitriol for the Acid Salt, and Oil of Turpentine for the inflammable Partjhe fuc- ceeded as brfore.

Again, he found that fixed Salts, as they are Acids ab- forbM in Earth, ierve for two Principles at once, and need nothing but an inflammable Oil to make Sulphur : And even in Lieu of this Oil, M Geajfroy imploy'd, with equal Suc- cefs, Charcoal, Pit-coal, and other Solids.

Indeed, Mr. 'Boyle and Glauber had before made common Sulphur, and that by Mixtures, fuch as M. Gecffroy de- fcribes; but they were both miftaken as to the Reaibn there- of 5 the one concluding, that the Sulphur he thus got, had been contain'd in the fix'd Salts, and the other in the Coal j neither of ihem dreamed, that 'twas the Mixture of the three Principles that produced the Mixt.

Flowers of 'Sulphur, are the pureft and fineft Part o£ Sulphur, gain'd by evaporating Sulphur, by Sublimation, or burning it in Pots made for rharPurpofe; and gathered in the Capital of the Cucurbit, where the Vapour flicks. See Flower.

This Preparation, as, indeed, Sulphur in moft of its Forms, is found excellent for the Lungs. The beft Flower of Sulphur is that of Holland, which is in Cakes, or Pieces, light, foft, friable, and rather white than yellow. If it be in Powder, it muft be very fine, of a yellow Colour, that is both vvhitilh and gilt at the fame Time. - Inflead of this, we have frequently put upon us a vile Mixture of Sulphur, exalted by Fire, and mix'd with Starch, or Wheat Flower; and fometimes only Stilphur- t)uft well fifted.

By adding fix'd Nitre, or Sal, Polychreft, to the Flowers of Sulphur, we have the white Flowers of Sulphur.

Magiflery, or Balm, or. Milk of Sulfhur, is Sulphuf diffolved in a fufficient Quantity of Water, with Salt of Tartar; and precipitated by Mean* of a Spirit of Vinegar, or fome other Acid. See Magistery.

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