Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/802

 SUF

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SUF

'England, who Sweat like the reft, tells us, that of Forty 'thoufand Souls, feiz'd with it in Loudon, only Two thoufand died. In 1534, it pafs'd over into Ireland, where it kill'd great Numbers.

SUDORIFIC, in Medicine, a Remedy that caufes, or promotes Sweat. See Sweat.

Sudcrificks only differ from Diaphoretichs, in the Degree of their Aclion ; the one promoting fenfible Perfpiration, the other infallible. See Diaphoreticks.

To the Clafs of Sudorifch, belong, i°, all Things that moving violently through the Body, attenuate the Humours, and accelerate their Motion.

2° Such Things, as at the fame Time diminifli the Re- mittance in the Sudatory Veftels about the Cutis. •

To which fome add a third Kind, viz. fuch as abforb the Acidities of the Blood, and thus fet at liberty the Matter of the Sweat.

The firft Intention is chiefly effected, by a copious drinking of very hot Waters ; by Acids drawn from Vegetables by Fer- mentation and Diftillation; or thofe of Foffils, attenuated by repeated Diftillatibnsj efpecially if thefe be drunk mix'd with hot Water ; by Alcali\ both volatile and fix'd, diluted with hot Water ; by all compound Salts, diffolved in Water ; by Sana's, metallic Cryftals, or the attenuated Parts of Metals themselves, as Stibium Diaphoreticum, fix'd Sulphur of Tachenius 5 Bezoardic Mineral, 'Diaphoretic Mercury, Dia- f heretic Gold, &c. by fharp,fubtile, acrimonious Aromaticks, as Abfynthium, Abrotonum, Opium, Afparagus, Ants, Afile- pias, Ariflolcchia, Gum Ammoniac, Carduus Beneditlus, Cara- ways, Cinnamon, Camomile, Saffron, Capillm Veneris, China, Dittany, Bufatorium, Gentian, Hyffop, Laurel, Mint, Leek, Rofemary, Sage, Savin, Sajjhfras, Scordinm, 'Thyme, Ve- ronica, Nettle, and other Medicines compounded hereof, as Treacle, Mithridate, Diafcordium, Orvietan, &c.

The Second is chiefly effected, by cleanfing the Skin, by vaporous Lotions, Baths, and Frictions. ; by relaxing the Cutaneous and Subcutaneous VefTels, which is belt done by hot Water fprinkled all over the Body, the Head excepted ; by increasing the external Heat about the naked Body, as by the Warmth of a Bed, a Vapour-bath, $£c.

The Third is effected by Abforbents, as Corals, Crabs-Eyes, Diaphoretic Antimony, Bezoard, &c. See each under its proper Article.

SUET, a kind of Fat, found in Sheep, Oxen, Hogs, $$C. ■which melted down and clarified, makes what we call Tallow, ufed in the making of Candles. See Fat and Tallow.

Anatomifts, {§c. diftinguifh four Kinds of Fat in the Body of an Animal. The firft, which fixes itfelf, and after melttng, cools into a very firm Confiftence, they call Suet.

'Tis found in greateft Abundance in the lower Belly, and about the Kidneys. The Word is form'd from the Latin, Suedum, a Sue.

F. le Comfte mentions a Tree in China, that bears Suet or Tallow. 'Tis much about the Height of our Cherry Tree : Its Fruit is cover'd with a Rind, which divides into 3 Segments of a Sphere, which when ripe, open in the middle like a Chefhut, and /hew Three white Grains, of the Size of our Small -nuts. The Flefh, or Pulp of thefe Grains, which include a little Stone, has all the Qualities of our Suet, the Colour, Smell, Confidence, l£c. and accordingly they make Candles of it ; after firft melting it down with a little Oil of Olives, to make thePafte the fofter and more manageable.

SUFFICIENT, in the School Theology. Sufficient Grace, is a Help or Afltftance God gives to Man, to enable him to acl and perform his Duty. See Grace.

'Tis allowed an Article of Faith, that Grace is neceflary, and that without Grace, nothing that is Good, or that can any way intitle to Heaven, can be done: Tis allow'd too, that "God does not refufe the neceffary Affiftances 5 and 'tis allow'd, that Man, frequently, either does not acl, when he ihould, or acls what he fhould not.

From thefe Principles, which are generally admitted by all Seels, however different in other refpecls, it follows, that there is fome Aftiftance of God which Man refifts ; fome, wherewith Man does not aft, wherewith yet he might acl ; or fome, whereby he does Evil, by which he might do well. "Tis this Affiftance that is call'd Sufficient Grace 5 becaufe fufficir.g to make us acl, though we don't acl with it.

'SUFFITUS, or SUFFIMENTUM, in Medicine, a thickifh Powder, i£c. prepared of odoriferous Plants, Gums, £f?c. which being thrown on Coals, the Vapours or Steam thereof, are received by Smelling. See Fumigation.

SUFFOCATION, in Medicine, tifc. aLofs orObftruaion of Refpi ration.

Suffocations fometimes arife from a too great Abundance of Blood thrown on the Lun«s> or the Mufcles of the Larynx, and preventing the Ingrefs of the Air ; as is the Cafe in Squinandes, fuffecating Catarrhs, Peripneumonies, $$c. See Squinan-

CY, l?C.

The Fumes of Wines, or ftrong Beers, when boiling, caufe Suffocatioiz, by interrupting the Circulation of the Blood.

And the fame may be obferved of the Fumes of Lime, where- with Walls are whitened 5 and thofe of Charcoal, Antimoj ''■ Sulphur, Vitriol and Spirit of Nitre. ''

The Suffocation under Water, is owing partly t t L^ PafTage of the Air being ftopp'd up, and partly to the Irrup- tion of the Water into theBreafl. See Drowning.

The Suffocation cfthe Womb or Matrix, is a Difeafe pretty frequent in Women, call'd a lfo, Fits cfthe Mother.

\s\ this, the Patient imagines a malignant Vapour rifii lrT ■from the Matrix, and fo preffing againft the Lungs and the Diaphragm, aa to prevent the free Motion neceffary to Re- fpiration.

Its true Caufe, is a Convulfion of the Mufcles of the Larynx, which flraighten the Wind-pipe, and prevent the Air's pafUng into the Lungs. Hence it is, that Hyftcric Women feel Conftriclions in the Throat, as if one were ftranglinT them with a Cord. See Hysteric.

In France, they difpatch their People that are raving Madj by fuffbeating them between two Pillows.

SUFFRAGAN, in the Ecclefiaftical Polity, a Term ap^ plied to a Bifhop, with refpeel to his Arch-Bifhop, on whom he depends, and to whom Appeals are made from the Bifhop's Official. See Bishop.

In this Senfe, the Archbifhop of Canterbury has Twenty- one Suffragans ; and the Archbifhop of Tcrk Four.

The Term was never heard of before the VIII th Century. Some diftinguifh between Biffcp and Suffragan thus: Dicuntur JEpifccpi qui Archiepifiopo Suffragan & affifiere tenentur : Et Sirffraga'nei dicuntur quia eorum Suffragiis caufe Ecclefiajtica judicantur. Spelman. Others fay, they are call'd Suffragans, becaufe when call'd by the Metropolitan to a Synod, they have a Right of Suffrage or of Voting ; or becaufe they could not be confederated without his Suffrage and Confent.

Suffragan is alio ufed for a Chcrepifcopus, or an Affiftant- Bifhop, or a Coadjutor, who has a Title, in part/bus infide- lium, and affifts another in the Difchargc of his Funclion, or difcharges it himfelf in the Abfence of that other, Thefe fome call Subjjdiary BiJfrops<

By Statute 36 Jft«ry VIII, every Bifhop and Archbifhop is allowed to appoint, fome one, fome two, and fome three Bifiops-Suffragans j the Seats or Refidences whereof, are fix'd! by the fame Statute.

The Suffragan-Sijhop for the Diocefe of Canterbury, to be at Dover only - y for Tork, at Nottingham and Hullz, for London, at Colchefer 5 for Winchester, at Guilford, Southamp- ton, and in the Hie of Wight, Egc.

Du Cange obferves, that the Title Suffragan has alfo been given to fuch Priefts as are fubjecl to the Vifitation of the; Arch-deacon : And Suffragans of the Tope, to the Bifhops of fuch Diocefes, as are immediately fubjecl to the Pope.

SUFFRAGE, a Voice or Vote, given in an Aflemblyj where fomething is deliberated on, or where a Perfbn is elecled to an Office or Benefice. See Vote.

Suffrages are fometimes given by Word of Mouth 5 and fometimes in Writing, as at Eleclions lyable to a Scrutiny* See Scrutiny.

The Prefident of the AfTembly ufually collecls the Suffrages.

The Word is form'd from the Latin, Suffragium, which anciently fignified Silver, as appears in the Vlllth Novel of Jltfinian : Ut Judices fine Suffragio plant - 7 and theVIth Novel : S$iii emerit prafulatiim per Suffragium, Epifcopatu ttfOrdine Ecckfajizco excidat.

Suffrages of the Saints, in the Rom/fl Church, are the Prayers and Intcrceflions they are fuppofed to make to God, in behalf of the Faithful.

SUFFERANCE, in ancient Cuftoms, was a Delay, or Refpite of Time the Lord granted his Vaflal, for the Per- formance of Fealty and Homage ; fo as to fecure him from any feodal Seizure. See Service, Vassal, Fee, £j?c.

Sufferance, fay the Cuftoms, is equivalent to Fealty and Homage, while it holds.

The Word is alfo ufed for a Delay which theLord grants his VafTals, to free their Hands of Fees or Inheritances they have acquired, till they have pay'd the Due of Indemnity, £$c.

SUFFRUTEX, among Botanifts, a Name given to a low, woody, perennial Species of Plants, fending out no Leaves from its Root, and beginning to be branched from the very bottom of the Stalk ; fuch as Lavender, Rue, Sage, &c. See Plant, Tree, $e,

SUFFUMIGATION, in Medicine, a Term applied to all Remedies that are received into the Body in form of Fumes, 2. e. of Smoak or Perfumes. See Smoak.

Thefe are compofed of different Matters, according to the Nature of the Difeafe.

Suffumigations are intended to foften fharp,ferous Humours, to provoke or check the Courfe of the Menfts, to raife a Salivation in venereal Evils, &c.

The Word is form'd from the Latin, fub, under, and ph rmis-i Smoak, 1

SUFFUSIOK,