Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/795

 SUB

C i3P ]

SUB

Order was St. Simon Stylites, a famous Anchorite in the Vth Century ; who firft took up his Abode on a Column Six Cubits high ; then on a Second of 12 Cubits ; a third of 22 j 8 nd at lait on another of 36, where he lived feveral Years.

The Extremities of thefe Columns were only three Foot 5n Diameter, with a kind of Rail or Ledge about that reach'd almoft to the Girdle, fomewhat refembling a Pulpit. There was no lying down in it.

The Faquiers or devout People of the JSaJi, imitate this extraordinary kind of Life to this Day. SeeFAquiER*

STYLOIDES, in Anatomy, an Apophyfis of the Osfre- trcjum, thus cali'd from its retembling a Style or Stylet. See Petrosum Os.

STYLOGLOSSUS, in Anatomy, a pair of Mufcles, run- ning off /harp and flefhy, from the Procerus Styloides ; whence defending obliquely forwards, it is inferted into the Root of the Tongue. It ferves to pull the Tongue up in the Action of Deglutition.

STYLOHYOIDEUS, in Anatomy, a pair of Mufcles /bringing from the c ProceJJiis Styloides, and inferted into the Baiis and Horns of the Os Hyoides ; which it draws, laterally, upwards.

STYLOPHARYNG.EUS, in Anatomy, a pair of Mufcles, arifing round and flefhy, from the Procejfus Styloides ; and which in its oblique Defcent, becomes thicker, and is after- wards expanded on the back Parts of the Fauces. It terves to draw up and dilate the Pharynx.

STYPTIC, in Medicine, a Remedy that has the Virtue of flopping Blood, or of binding up the Aperture of a wounded Veflfel. See Blood.

The Service, Nettle, Solomon's Seal, &c. are Styp ticks.

There are various Styptic Waters and Powders of furprizing Efficacy, in raoft of which, Vitriol is the principal Ingredient.

The ufual Styptic Water is made of Colcothar calcined, or Vitriol diflblved with burnt Allum, Sugar-candy, the Urine of a young Man, &c.

Dr. Col'jatcfr's Styptic Powder has been famed ; though Mr. Cowper, in the Philofophical Iranf actions, gives us a Kumber of Instances, wherein it was applied with very little, or ill Succefs in human Subjects ; though he gives us others made in Dogs where it anfwer'd well.

M. I'ownefort obferves, from the Analyfis he has made of Styptic and Aftringent Plants, that Acids and Earths prevail therein ; though fome of them yield an urinous Spirit. On this Principle, he aflerts, That their Salt is analogous to Allum and that there is fomewhat of Sal Ammoniac in their Texture. Chomel obferves, that this does not hold univerfally.

STYRAX, in Medicine. See Storax.

SUB, a Latin Prepofitition, fignifying tinier ; frequently iifed, in Compofition, in our Language.

Sub-Z>rigadier, is an Officer in the Cavalry, who commands under the Brigadier ; affifting him in the Difcharge of his Functions. See Brigadier.

S'ib-Chantor, an Officer in the Choir, who officiates in the Abtence of the Chantor, &c. See Chantor.

Sub-Dean-, a Dignity in certain Chapters beneath the Dean. See Dean.

Svb J Prior, a Clauftral Officer, who affifts the Prior, $§c.

Sub-Deacon, an inferior Minifter, who anciently attended at the Altar, prepared the Sacred Veffels, &c. and was inverted with the firft of the Holy Orders.

According to the Canons, a Perfbn muft be 22 Years of Age, to be promoted to the Order of Sub-Deacon.

Tis difputed among the Romanics, whether the Sub- deaconhood be a Sacrament or not ; in regard Sub-Deacons are ordain'd without Impofition of Hands, and that there is no mention made of them in Scripture. Yet Sellarmin holds the affirmative Side of the Qiieftion. By the Papal Canons, a married Man may be ordain'd Sub-Deacon 5 upon Condition his Wife content to it, make a Vow of Continence, and fhut hertelf up in a Monaftery. See Deacon.

SUBALTERN, a fiibordinate Officer, or one who dis- charges hisPoft under the Command and Direction of another.

Such are Lieutenants, Sub-lieutenants, Cornets and Enfigns, who ferve under the Captain.

We alfb fay Subaltern Courts, Jurifdictions, l$c. Such are thote of inferior Lords, with regard to the Lord Para- mount. Hundred Courts, to County Courts, %$c.

For the Subaltern Perfons in an Epic Poem, F. !BojJit ob- ferves, there is no Neceflity to be very flrict in preterving every one's Character. See Character.

The Patriarchs, M. St. Evremond tells us, had feveral Wives, who did not all hold the fame Rank ; but there were feveral fnbaltem to the principal Wife. Grammar we alfb fay is fuba Item to Rhetoric. The Word is form'd from the Xatin, fab, and alter, another.

SUPCI AVIAN, is applied to any thing under the Arm- pit or Shoulder ; whether Artery, Nerve, Vein or Mufcle.

Sura.Avitis, in Anatomy, is a Mufcle that ariteth from the lower Side of the Clavicula, near the Acromium ; and de- fends obliquelv fo be inferted into the upper Part or the firft Rib, near the Sternum.

SUBCONTRARY Pofition, in Geometry, is when two fimilar Triangles are fo placed, as to have one common Angle, V (Tab. Geometry Fig. 44.) at the Vertex, and yet their Bate not parallel.

Thus, if the fcalenous Cone B V D be fo cut by the Plane C A, as that the Angle at C=D ; the Cone is then faid to be cut Subcontrarily to its Bate B A.

SUBCUTANETJS, in Anatomy, a thin membranous Mufcle, running under the Skin, cali'd alfo gitadratus. It arites with a pretry broad Origin, from the hind Part of the Neck, and from the Pectoral Mufcle below the Clavicle. It adheres firmly to the Panniculus Carnofus j from which it is not feparated without Difficulty, and therefore was not an- ciently diftinguiih'd from it 3 and is inferted, obliquely, on each Side, into the lower Jaw-bone near the Skin, Lips, and fometimes the bottom of the Note ; all which Parts it draws downwards and a-wry.

A Convuliion herein is cali'd a Spafmits Cynicus. In fbme Perfons," it reaches to the Ears ; and in others not ; which is the Reafon fome Folks have a Faculty of moving the Ears, which others want.

SUBDUCTION, in Arithmetick, the fameasSubftraai- on. See Substraction.

SUBDUPLE Ratio, is when any Number or Quantity is contained in another, Twice ; thus Three is faid to be Sub- duple of 6, as 6 is duple of 3. See Ratio.

SUBJECT, a Person under the Rule and Dominion of a Soveraign Prince or State.

Of Subjects, fome are fo by Birth, others by Acts of Naturalization. Anciently, the Lords cali'd, abufively, thote who held Lands or Fees of them, or ow'd them any Homage, Subjects.

Subject is alfo uted for the Matter of an Art or Science 5 or that which it confiders, or whereon it is employ *di Thus the human Body is the Subject of Medicine ; and in this Senfe, Anatomifts call the Body they are Diffecting, and whereon they read Lectures, their Subject. See Object.

The Subject of Logic, is Thinking or Reafoning; but more particularly, in a Syllogifm, one of the Terms of a Proportion is cali'd the Subject, and the other the Attribute* See Proposition.

In Poetry, the Subject is the Matter treated of; the Event related, or tet in a fine View, and inrich'd with Ornaments.

Subject is alfo the Subftance or Matter to which an Ac- cident is added. See Accident.

'Tis a Maxim, That two Contraries can never fubfifl in the fame Subject.

SUBJUNCTIVE, in Grammar, the fourth Mood, or Manner of conjugating Verbs; thus cali'd, becaufe ufually fubjoin'd to fome other Verb, or at leaft to fbme other Particle, as, I Jee what you aim at. though this be true., &c. See Mood.

The Greek is almoft the only Language that properly has any Subjunctive Mood, though the French, Spanip and Italian have fome Shew thereof. In all other Languages, the fame Inflexions ferve for the Optative and the Subjunctive Moods : For which Reafon, the Subjunctive Mood might be retrenched from the Latin and thote other Grammars; it not being the different Ways of fignifying, which may be very much multiplied, but the different Inflections, that con- flitutethe different Moods. See Optative, &c.

SUBLAPSARY, in Theology; or Infralapfary ; a Term applied to fuch as hold, that God having forefeen the Fall of* Adam, and in contequence thereof, the Lofs of Mankind; re- folved to give a Grace fufficient to Salvation to fbme, and to refute it to others. See Grace.

Sublapfary is ufed in Oppofition to Infralapfary, See In- fraeapsary.

SUBLIMATE, a chymical Preparation, the Bafis whereof is Mercury, or Quick-filver. See Mercury.

There are two Kinds of Sublimate, Corrofive and Sweet.

Corrofive Sublimate, is prepared of Mercury, either crude or revived from Cinnabar, together with Spirit of Nitre, Vitriol lixiviated to a Whitenefs, and Sea Salt decripitated j the whole reduced into a white brilliant Mafs by Sublimation.

Sweet Sublimate, is the fame with Corrofive, only temper 'd and fweeten'd by the Addition of Mercurius Dulcis, and thus reduced into a white Mate full of hard glittering Pieces, like little Needles, by being pafs'd teveral \imes over the Fire, and through feveral Mattrafles.

To take away all its Malignity, it fhould be dulcified at leaft Thrice.

Corrofive Sublimate is White, and full of fhining, cryftal- lin Veins. It cannot act, unlefs it find fome Humidity to act on ; and is then a violent Poifon, which corrodes and deftroys the Parts of the Body with much Violence. Oil of Tartar perDeliquium, is held the beft Antidoteagainff it.

Sweet Sublimate, is thus cali'd, in Oppofition to the Cor- rofive. 'Tis given internally, in the Cure of feveral Difeates, particularly Venereal ones. See Venereal.

SUBLIMATION, in Chymiftry, an Operation which differs very little from Dift illation, excepting, that in Diffilla-

tion.