Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/790

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dicatcci to Caclus 3 in which they are confirm'd by its having been open atop. Others, reading it Stone Hengijl, maintain it to have been a Monument erected in Memory of Hengijl, the firft General of the Saxons in England : And others, to name no move, will have it a Funeral Monument, raifed to that brave Romano-Briton, Aurelius AmbnfiM ; to which Opinion, fome Circumftances of his Affions, and flill re- maining Latin Name of the Place (Mons Ambrofii) and that very ancient IVelJh Proverb, Mai ghaijb Emrys, Like the Work of Ambrofms, give fome Countenance.

STOOL, in Medicine. A Thing is faid to be voided, by Stool, when it is difcharged by the Anus or Fundament. See Anus.

In the <Philofophical TranfacJions, we have Inttances ot fick Perfons voiding faftitious Stones, Balls, &e. by Stool. See Excrement.

STOOMmG of Wine i is a putting Bags of Herbs, or other Ingredients into it. See Wine.

STOOPING, in Falconry, is when an Hawk being upon her Wings, at the Height of her Pitch, bends down violently to take the Fowl.

STOPS "? ■ /- o C Points.

STOPPINGS 111 Gramraar " ^Punctuation.

STORAX or STYRAX, a refinous odoriferous Gum, brought from Syri&\ whereof there are three Kinds, viz. the red Storax, Storax Calamita, and liquid Storax.

The red Storax, call'd alfo Jews Incenfe, is a Gum or Rciin oozing out at an Incifion made in the Trunk and biggell Branches of a. Tree, call'd Storax, not unlike our Qunice Tree. Its Fruit is of the Size of a Filberd, nd con- tains a white, oily Kernel, of a Smell perfectly like Storax.

It muft be chofen in a Mafs, of a reddifh Colour, foft and fat, and of an agreeable Smell, bearing no Refemblancc to liquid Storax.

That in Oikes, in Balls, &c. is all fophifticated ; and only a wretched Composition of liquid Storax, and the Impurities of the true red Storax and other Drugs. That in Powder is ftill worfe.

Red Storax is of fome Ufe in Medicine ; and is alio ufed by the Perfumers, and often fubftituted for Incenfe.

The Storax Calamita, thus call'd from the Rufhes or Qtiilis, in Latin, Calami, it was anciently brought in, is, m reality, only a Compoiition of feveral excellent Drugs, and among the reft, of fed Storax, whence its Name ; though Authors have hitherto taken it for a natural Gum, different from the red Storax.

It snuft be chofen in fine white Tears, very dry, and not bitter ; fbmetimes 'tis in reddifh MafTes, full of thefe whitifh Te&iS, only mix'd with a ruddy Subftance. Thefe two Kinds are eftcem'd excellent Pectorals, Stomachicks and Ce- phalicks.

Liquid Storax, is a kind of factitious Rofin, of a greyifh Colour, cornpofed of true Storax, common Rofin of the Pine, Oil and Wine, beaten with Water, into the Confidence «f an Unguent. The Druggifts alfo call it StaBe, to di- ftjnguifh it, and fell it for the better Price. See Stacte.

The bell is that of Holland. 'Tis eafily kept in a Cellar, fey pouring Water on it from Time to Time. 'Tis an In- gredient in an Unguent which Experience has fhewn to be exeelient againft the Scorbutus and Gangrene.

STQRGE, a Greek Term, Zto^m, frequently ufed by Naturaiifts, to fignify that Parental InftincT:, or natural A£fe£tion, which all, or moil Animals bear their Young. See Instinct.

This Storge is an admirable Principle implanted by the All-wife Creator throughout the Animal World, for the Preservation thereof; and is govern'd by fuch Rules as make it heft contribute thereto. By means oi this, with what Care and Alacrity do they nurfe their Young ? and what Dangers will they avoid for their Security ? Even the moft timorous Animals, which at other times fly the Face of Men, Dogs, j>$c. will, for the fake of their Young, expofe themfclves.

Thus Hens inftead of flying from, will aflaitlt fuch as meddle with their Brood ; and Partridges, e'er their Young can fly, will frequently drop down before the Dogs, firft at lefs, then at greater Diftances, to dodge and draw them off, from purfuing their Young. With what Concern do others lead about their Young in Places of Safety ? and fome even admit them for Shelter into their Bowels.

Thus the OpofTum, Dr. 'Jyfon obferves, has a curious Bag on purpofe for the fecuring and carrying about her Young; and fome fay, the Teats lie in it. The fame Author adds, from Opfian, that the Dog-fifh upon any Storm or Danger, receives her Young into her Belly, which come out again when the Fright is over. The Squatina and Glaucus do the like.

With what Tenderness doothers feek and prepare the Food for their Young, teach them to fuck, cherifh or lull them to Reft, £S?c. like fb many Nurfes, deputed by the Creator to take Care of his Creatures ? And ftill in Proportion, as they

grow up and become fit to look to themfelves, this Store? abates ; and at length, when no longer needed, becomes ex tincl. Mr. Ray obferves, that young Doves are fed w i t jl Meat firft eat by the Dam, and fodden a-while in her P rQ _ lobe. And Clufius obferves, that the old Female Ethiopia takes no Food but from the Male, after this Manner.

The Returns made by the Young to the Parent Animal when grown old, are not lefs considerable. 'Pliny f a ..* of Rats, that they nourifh their aged Parents with eminent Piety.

St. dmbroje, and after him Olaus Magnus, obferve of the Crane, that when their Parents, through old Age, are bereft of their Feathers, and left half naked, their Offspring ftand around them, and cherifh- them with their own Feathers ; that they feek Food for them ; and when Nature as it often happens, repairs their Decays, and reftores thern to Strength again, they take them up by Turns, on their Wings, and habituate their unpra&ifed Limbs to their ancient Art of Flying.

STOVE, in Building, a Hor-houfe or Room, See Fire, Chimney, gj&

'Pallodio obferves, that the Ancients ufed to warm their Rooms with certain fecret Pipes, which came through ;the Walls, conveying Heat to feveral Parts of the Houfe, from one common Furnace. Whether this were a common Cuftom fays Sir Henry Wotton, or a Curiofity, we cannot determine ; but it was certainly, both for Profit and Ufe, far beyond the German Stoves.

Stove, among Confectioners, a little Clofet well clofed on all Sides, wherein are feveral Stories or Rows of Shelves made of Wiars one above another, for the drying of Sweet- meats.

STOWAGE, is a Place where Goods are fiow'd or laid up ; or the Money paid for fuch a Place.

STRABISMUS, an ill Difpofition of the Eye, which makes it look a-fquint.

This Indifpofition confifts in a Retraction of the Ball of the Eye, towards one Side ; occafion'd by a Convulfion, or 3 Palfie of one of its Muftles.

Children are apt to acquire it through the Carelefnefs of their Nurfes, in placing them always on the fame Side the Light, or of any other remarkable Object, that occafions them to turn their Eyes that Way.

To remedy it, Care is to be taken, that the Li^ht, or other notable Body, be placed on the other fide of them ; or elfe a Mask put on them, the Holes whereof are fo difpofed, as that to fee through them, the Child be obliged to turn his Eyes the oppoflte Way. The Word is form'd from the Greek ^&Chj(aU, which fignifies the fame.

STRAIGHT, or, as fome chufe to write it, Streight, or, as others, Strait, in Hydrography, a narrow Sea, or Gut fhut up between Lands on either Side, and affording a Paffage out of one great Sea into another.

The moft celebrated Streight in the World, is that of Gibraltar, which is about 130 Miles long and 12 broad, joining the Mediterranean Sea, with the Atlantic Ocean.

The Streight of Magellan, difcover'd in 1520 by F. Ma- gellan. It was ufed fome time, as a Paffage out of the North into the South Sea; but lince the Year 16 16, that the Streight ofle Maire has been difcovered, the former has been difufed 5 both becaufe of its Length, which is full 300 Miles, and becaufe the Navigation thereof is very dangerous, from the Waves of the North and South Seas meeting herein, andclafh- ing.

'The Streight at the Entrance of the Baltic, is call'd the Sound. See Sound.

That between England and France, Le <Pas de Calais, or the Channel. The Streights of Babalmanda, of Weigats, of jeffo, of Anion, of %)avi$ and Hudfon, fcifc.

Straight is alfo ufed in Geography, for an Ifthmus or Neck of Land between two Seas ; preventing the Communica- tion thereof. See Isthmus.

STRAIN or Sprain, a violent Extenfion of the Sinews or Tendons of fbme Mufcle. See Tendon.

STRAND and Stream, in ancient Cuftoms, a Freedom from all Impositions upon Goods or Veflels by Land or Water.

STRANDED, (from the Saxon Strand, i. e. a Shore or Bank of the Sea or a great River) is when a Ship is by Tempeftor ill Steerage, run on Ground, and fo perifhes.

STRANGER, in Law, has a fpecial Signification, for a Perfon who is not Privy or Party to an A£t : As, a Stranger to a Judgment, is he to whom a Judgment does not belong; in which Senfe it ftands direclly contrary to 'Party or <Privy.

STRANGURY, in Medicine, a Difeafe occafioning a very frequent and involuntary Emiflion of Urine, in very finall ■Quantities, and, as it were, Drop by Drop ; with an intenie Pain. See Urine. ,

It arifes from the too great Acrimony of the Urine, which vellicating the Nervous Parts of the Bladder, occafions a con- tinual Inclination to urine.

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