Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/789

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- Sharpening, or trying of them \, c IVhet-tiour

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Tottch-ftone. I Polifhing, or cutting of them; being either of a more V- fpongy and foft, or of a more hard Confluence. 5 Pumice. ' c Emery. Lefler Magnitudes, either more, lefs or minute, 9 c Sand. 8 i Gravel.

2. Middle priced Stones, are either of a

/• Shining Po'iture, or capable of it; whether of a. e Simple white Colour, and more foft Confidence, I. Alabafter. . Sometimes White, fometimes Black or Green, and fome- times variegated with Veins, growing in greater or leffer Maries.

c Marble, Porphyry, 2? Agar. Spotted with Red, upon a greenifh Colour, or with Spots of Gold-colour upon Blue. \ Jafpis, Heliotrope. ' c Lazul, Azure Stone. Tranfparency, either Brittle; whether Natural or Factitious i Cryftaline ^2 Glafs, Pilfil into Flakes, either greater or lefler.

, C Selenite, Mufcovia Glafs, Ifing Glafs, Spar. 5 i Talk. Relation to Metals, attracting Iron, or making of Brafs. - 5 Loid-Jlone c Cadmia, Calaminaris. Incombuftible Nature. 7 Amiantus. Strange Original; not being properly Minerals, though ufually reckoned amongft them; but either a fubmarine Plant, or fupjpofed to proceed from a liquid Bitumen. e C Coraline. V s I Ambefc

3° Precious Stones; which fee under the Article Precious Stone.

Stone is alfo a certain Quantity or Weight of fome Com- modities :

A Stone of Beef at London, is the Quantity of Eight Pounds: In Herefordshire, Twelve Pounds; in the North, Sixteen Pounds. A Stone of Glafs is Five Pounds; of Wax, Eight Pounds.

A Stout of Woolt (according to the Statute 1 1. H. 7.) ought to weigh Fourteen Pounds, yet in fbme Places it is more, in others lefs; as in GloucejlerJIiire, Fifteen Pounds; in Hcrefordpire Twelve Pounds.

Among Horfe-Courfers, a Stone is the Weight of Fourteen Pounds.

'Jjuilding Stone : Of this there are feveral Kinds; the principal among us, are Marble, Fire-jlone, Purbec-Jlone, Rag-ficne, .llabafier, F'ee-ftone, and common Stone; of all which, except the two laft, we have fpoke under their proper Article; which lee.

For Freefone, that dug in the Peninfula of ^Portland, and thence call'd Portland fione, is much ufed; being fofter and whiter than Purbecflorie, and is commonly railed out of the Quarries in bigger Blocks than that. Some alio call Rigate or Fire-flme; Free-flone.

.Mr. ^We.obferves, That a competent Knbwledge of the Manner of the Sap or Juice found in Stones ufed in Building, is of the laft Importance; the fame Stone dugout of the fame Quarry at one Seafon, being found to moulder away in a few Winters, which dug at another Seafon, will brave the Weather for many Ages; and that there are others, which though dug at the proper Sealbn, yer make but ruinous Buildings, if ufed at an improper Seafon.

The fame Author adds, That as there are fome fort of Stones which will decay in a few Years, there are others will not have attain'd their full Hardnefs in 30 or 40 Years, or even much more. See Porphyry.

For the drawing of Stone cut of the Quarry, See Qua"rry.

'Precious Stone Solomon Stone Eagles Stone fe'iViJb Stone 'Pumice Stone Touch Stone Emery Stone Infernal Stone Calamine Stows. "Philofophers Stons

See

■ Precious; Bolonian;

jEtites.

JuBAICUS,

Pumice. \ Touch.

Emery.

Lapis.

Calaminaris. ^ Philosophers.

Stone, in Medicine, a Difeife tall'd alfo Calculus, and Liihtnjts; and, occ,;fionally, the Gravel. See' Calculus;, Lithiasis and Gkavel. .


 * It confifls of a pony Concretion; .form'd either in the Blad-

der or Kidneys; which prevents the Difcharge pf Urine and occafions violent Pains. See Bladder and Kidneys. . . The Stone is generated, according to fome Authors of the carrhv vifcid Parts of the Blood, harden'd, in courfe of, Time, by the Heat of the Kidneys; much after the manner as Brick is b.;ked in a Furnace. . .....

Dr. gtfincy fuppofes the Stone generated of the harder Parts of the Urine, pent up by the Straightnefs of the Dnfls, and brought into Contact and Coheficn.

Etmulier afcribes the Stone, fometimes to the ftonv anct metallic Particles of our Foods and Drinks, which the Reins, through Weaknefs and Relaxation thereof, cannot eject; but more ufually to the unequal Strength of the Kidneys: Whence it is that we fee one Kidney hreed Stones, and the other found.

The Stone in the Bladder, is firft form'd in the Pelvis of the Kidneys, whence falling into the Bladder, it becomes augmented by new Lamella:' or Coats. See Pelvis.

The Diagnoftic Signs of the Stone in the Kidneys, arej 1° A. Sx'd, obtufe Pain in the Region of the Loins, appear- ing like a Weight loading the Reins. As the Snne falls out of the Pelvis into the Ureter, the Pain is exceedingly acute and racking, which holds til) either the Stone be got into the Bladder, or returned again to the Pelvis. j° An Inflexibility of the Spina Dorfi, from the Extenfion and Compreffion of the. Nerves. 3° A Stupor of the Thigh and teg of that Side, from the Confent of Parts. 4 A Retraflion of the Tefticle. j» A very, fmall Quantity of Urine, either thirt and limpid, or bloody. But aifoon as the Stone is got into the Bladder, the Urine becomes thick, turbid, blackifh anct in great Quantity.

The Diagnoftics of the Stone in the Bladier, are a Senfe of Heavinefs in the Perinreum and inguinal Region, a.perpe- tual and troublefome Defire of making Water, which is followed with a. (harp Pain, principally in the Glans of the Penis, whence a Prolapfus of the Anus. But the fureft Way of finding it, is by the Touch, viz. by thrufting the Finger or a Catheter up the Anus.,.

_ The Cure of the Stone, is either by a Liquor that will difTolve or break the concrete Stone; fo as it may be evacuated Piece-meal; which is call'd a Lithmtriftic; or by enlarging the Capacities of the Veffels j or by the Operation of Cutting, call'd Lithotomy. .

We have yet no allured Lithontriptic known, how many foever may pretend to it; the moft noted, rte Deffhy'i Elixir, Tiffing's Liquor, and Rogers s Powder. See Lithon- triptic.

The moft ufual Cure is by Cutting; the various Manners whereof, fee under Lithotomy.

In fome defperate Cafes, rhe Steve has been known to make itfelf a Way through the Spinal Mufcles;

Dr. Zi/to-.pbfervcs, that. Stones are found, not only in the Bladder and Kidneys, but alfo in the pituitary Dufts, the Brain, Liver, Lungs, Ventricle, Inteftines and Joints of the Hands and Feet; to which, may be added, that in the Phllofophtcnl Tranjhaiens, we have likewife Accounts of Stones in the Pineal Gland, the Heart, Gall, Bladder, l£c,.

The Stone, Etmulier fays, is not a Difeafe, but the Pro- du3 of a Difeafe : The Difeafe, properly, is the Zithiafts, or the Difpofition of the Kidneys and Bladder to generate" Stones.

Stones are diftinguifh'd into three Kinds, White, Red and Yellow; which laft are the moft ufual. Seekers recom- mends calcin'd Egg-fhells as. excellent in all Suppreffions of Urine : Hamilton, Linfeed Oil, and Mr. Soyle, the Herb Arfemart.

STONE-S/ae, a mineral Prepaiation, properly call'd Smalt. See Smalt.

STCfN~E-Henge, in Antiquity, a fam'd Pile or Monument, on Salisbury Plain, fix Miles diftant from that City.

It confifts of three Ranks of huge rough Stones, ranged one within another, fome of them 'Twenty-eight Feet hioh, and Seven broad; fuftaining others, laid acrofs their Heacis, and faften'd by Mortaifes; fo that the whole muft have an- ciently hung together.

Antiquaries are ftrangely at a lofs, as to the Origin, Uft, Structure, £$c. of this wonderful Fabrick. Moft of them allow the Stones to be artificial, and to have been made on rhe Spot; which is the more probable, as we are pretty well affured the Ancients had the Art of making Stones with Sand and a ftrong Lime or Cement; and as the Stones are too biff for any Land Carriage; and yet are in a Plain, which for fbme Miles round, fcarce affords 9.rrf t Stohes at all.

The Legends give us various other Accounts; fbme wilt have them brought mira'culoufly by St. 'Patrick from Ireland; others, &c. -

As to its Ufe, fome Antiquaries take it to have been an

ancient Temple of the Urmds, others of the Romans, de-

C L 1 1 aicatic,