Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/769

 S P L

C 113 ]

SPL

for the Secretion of the-^

jiuimal Sp in i xs from J

the Blood, andthe Ap-\ See Brain and Secretion*

paratus in order there- C

to J

for the Cottrfe of the-*

Animal Spirits, audi » T. j c

the Vtffeh thro' ™lnch> Sm Nerve and Secmtiom.

they are carried - - - j for the Office of the*

Animal Spirits in ( See Muscle and Sensation.

jmtfctilar Motion and?

Sulfation j

SPIRITUALITIES of a Bifhop, are fuch Profits) as arife to him from the Benefit of his Jurifdi&ion in hisDiocefs, and not as a Baron of the Parliament. See Bishop.

Such are thofe of his Vifitations, Inftitutions, Ordinations, Prefentation-Money, gefe. See Visitation, iSc.

SPIRITUAL1ZATION, in Chymiltry, the Action of ex- tracting Spirits from natural Bodies. See Spirit.

Spirititalization, is an Operation that belongs principally to fermented Salts ; then to tormented Juices and Liquors ; the Fermentation rendring the Spirits Volatile and Inflammable. See Fermentation.

Spirit of Wine, is fometimes Spiritttaliz 'd to that degree, that upon throwing a Quantity into the Air, not a Drop ihall fall down ; but the whole evaporate and be loft.

SPITTLE. See Saliva and Sputum*

SViTTL'E-Houfe, a Corruption of the Word Hofpital, See Hospital.

SPLANCHNOLOGY, in Anatomy, a Difcourfe, or Explication of the Vifcera. See Viscera.

Sarcology is divided into three Parts, viz. Splanchnology, Myology and Angeology. See Sarcology.

Splanchnology, is that which treats of the Internal Parts, and particularly the Vifcera. The Word is forrn'd from the Greek, wx&fyjw Vifcus, Intejlin, andASy©"> 'Difcourfe.

SPLEEN; Ziwz, in Anatomy, a foft, f^ungy Vifcus, of adarkifhRed, or rather Livid, Colour, ordinarily refembling the Figure of a Tongue, though fometimes triangular, and fometimes roundifli.

The Spleen is ufually Angle, though fometimes there are Two, and fometimes Three found. Tis fituate in the Lett Hypochondrium, between the fpurious Ribs and the Stomach; is fomewhat convex on the Side, towards the former, and con- cave towards the latter. Its ordinary Length is Six Inches 5 Breadth Three, and Thicknefs One. It is" connected ro the Omentum, and by Means of that and the Blood Veffeis, to the Stomach and Lett Kidney, and fometimes to the Dia- phragm.

It is covered with two Tunics ; the External derived from the Peritonaeum and connected to the Internal only, by the Intervention of the Blood VefTels. The inner confifts of Fibres very curioufly interwoven. From this, probably, are derived thofe innumerable Cells or little Bladders, which make up the main Bulk of the Spleen : Though Malipighi rather takes them to arife from the Venous Duel The Cells communicate with each other, and di (charge themfelves into the Trunk, of the Vein. Their Infide, according to Malpighi, is furnifhed with various minute Glands adhering together 5 Six, Seven or Eight whereof, form a kind of fmall conglomerate Glands, wherein the Arteries and Veins feem to terminate.

Its Blood- Veflels are the Spletiic Artery, which furnifhes It with Blood, from the Cceliac ; and the Splenic Vein, which carries it thence, by the Porta, to the Liver. See Splenic

Its Nerves come from the Tlexm Lienaris, near the Bottom of the Stomach. The Veflels are all, as foon as they enter the Spleen, wrapt up in one common Capfula or Membrane, and plentifully distributed together throughout the Sub- fiance of the Spleen. Befidcs tricfe, are Lymphatkks in great Abundance.

The Anaflomofes between the Arteries and Veins of the Spleen, are more apparent than in any other Part of the Body. And this Vifcus is obferved to be furnifhed with a greater Proportion of Blood than any other Parts. See Anas- tomosis.

The Ufe of the Spleen has been difputed in all Ages; both, as no immediate Ufe thereof appears from Diffection, stid as we find, that Animals from whom it has been cut, live very well without it. All the Effects, e. gr. following the cutting it from a Dog, are, that the Animal grows more Salacious 'than ufual ; that it urines more frequently; is more hungry than ordinary ; and for the firft Days is troubled . with a Vomiting and Naufea. 'Tis added, That 'tis neceffary the Part be taken away to make a good Runner.

Hence lome have imagined rhat^the Spleen only ferved to make a Balance in the Weight of the Body 5 others, that it was only intended for the lake of Symn etry ; others, an ufelefs Load, and one of Natures Redundances ; others a Pit or Common-Shore to difcharge the Fceces of the Blood into; others a F^re, by the Heat whereof, the Action of the Ven- tricles is animated.

Many of the Ancients took it to be the Receptacle of th£ Atra Bilis or Melancholic Humour ; for which Reafon, fouae of them call it the Organ of Laughter.

Mr. Ccivper, from me great Quantity of Blood, and the apparant Inoiculations of me Spleen, draws a very natural Conjecture of the Ufe thereof; at leaft of the peculiar Mechamfm. He takes, then, the Spleen to be only a fubor- dmate Organ, miniftring to the Circulation ; and thinks, that by this Congrels of the Arterial and- Venal Blood, an Impetus is communicated to the latter, by which its Progress through the Ramifications of the Porta to the Cava, is pro- moted, which would otherwife be fo broke by the double Ramifications of the Porta, as to want Strength furEcient to carry it to the Heart. See Circulation.

The Aftion or Effect of the Spleen, according to Dr. Boerhaave, is to receive the frefh arterial Blood, prepare it in its Glands, and pour it into its Cells ; to return what Blood is left from this Aclion, to the little Veins, and. thence to the Splenic Vein ; to mix the Humour thus pre- pared, with the nervous Juice, and to prepare, attenuate, and more intimately unite them together into one Humour.

Malpighi, and afterwards Dr. Keil, and fome others, rake the Spleen to be a vifcous Affiftant to the Liver, in the Se- cretion, tyc. of the Bile. We have obferved, that by reafonr of the Ncarnets ot the Liver and Heart, and the fwift Motion of the Blood in the Aorta, a Humour conflfting of Particles that combine lb flowly as thofe of the Bile do, could not be prepared but by bringing the Blood round about through the Stomach, Inteftines and Omentum, &c, to the Liver, to abate its Velocity.

Now Dr Keil conjectures, that thofe Part were not fuffi- cient to receive all the Blood neceffary to be lent to the Liver; therefore Nature framed the Spleen, into whole Cavities the Blood being poured from a fmall Artery, moves at leaft as flowly as any that paries otherwife to the Liver ; by which Means the Particles that compofe the Bile in the Blood, which paffes through the Ramus Splenia/s, by Co long and flow a Circulation, have more Chances tor uniting than otherwife they would, had they been carried by the Blanches of the Cceliac directly to the Liver ; consequently without the Spleen, fuch a Quantity of Bile as is now fe- cerned, that is, as Nature requires, could not have been, iecerned by the Liver. See Bile; fee alto Liver.

Spleen, is alio ufed for a Difeafe ; by Phy Asians more ufually called the J-ypcchondriacTiifeafe. See Hypochon- driac and Vapours.

SPLENETIC, aPerfbn afiefled with Qppilations and Obil ructions of the Spleen.

In Splenetic People, the Spleen is fwell'd beyond the natural Bulk, or harden'd, lb as to fhew a Schirrous Tumour thereon. Splenetic People are diltingui/hed by a Livid, Lead-coloured Complexion ; their Character is to be very prone to Laughter ; which is an Expedient Nature is fuppofed to make ufe of, to evacuate the too redundant Humour the Spleen is charged withal, whence it is that the Ancients made the Spleen the Organ of Laughttr ; and hence that popular Saying of a Perfon laughing heartily, ¥ bat he vents his Spleen.

SPLENIC VcJJels, a large Artery, and a Vein of the Spleen. See Spleen.

The Splenic Artery, is a Trunk of the left Cceliac, ferving to bring the Blood from that Artery to the Spleen, to be there (ecreted, prepared, t$c. its Progrefs is very niuch contorted; and after its Arrival at the Surface of the Spleen, it is diffuied through the Subllance thereof in fmall Branches, which ieem to terminate in the Cells.

The Splenic Vein is form'd out of the feverai minute Veins of the Spleen, uniting as they quit the Surface thereof. It carries the Blood fecreted, &c. in the Spleen, to the Left Branch of the Vena 'Porta, to be thence convey'd to the Liver, there to be further prepared and converted into Bile.

The Splenic Vein and Artery manifeftly communicate with each other : For Water being poured into one of them, prefently difcharges itfelf by the other. See Sp£een.

SPLENII, in Anatomy, a Pair of Mufcles, called alio from their Form triangulares.

They arife from the four upper Spines of the Vertebra; of the Back, and from the two lower ot the Neck, and amending obliquely, adhere ro the upper tranfverfeProcefles of the Ver- tebra; of the Neck, and are inferred into the upper Part of the Occiput. They pull the Head backwards to one Side. They are call'd Splenii, from a fuppofed Refemblance to an Ox s Spleen.

SPLENT, or SPLINT, among Farriers, a callous, in- fenfible Excrefcence ; or kind of hard Griftle, that fome- times flicks to an Horfe's Shank-Bone, and generilly comes upon the Infide : If there be one oppofite thereto on the Out fide, it is called a <Pegg\d or Tinned Splent, becauft it doth, as itwere, pierce the Bone, and is extremely dangerous.

SPLENTS, in Surgerv, Pieces of Wood ufed in binding up broken Limbs. See Ferula.

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