Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/751

 SOL

Solidity of a Statue, as it ftands 3 a quadrangular Prifm. or parallelopipid is to be framed over it : the reft as before,

To find the Solidity of a hollow Body*.

IF the Body be not comprized in the Number of regular Bodies j its Solidity is found as in the preceding Problem. If itbea Parallelopipid, Prifm, Cylinder, Sphere, Pyramid or Cone 3 the Solidity, firftof the whole Body, including the Cavity, then that of the Cavity, which is fuppofed to have the fame Figure with the Body itfelf, is to be found, accord- ing to the refpeciive Methods delivered under Parallelo- ripiD, Prism, gfo For the latter being fubtra&ed out of the former, the Remainder is the Solidity of the hollow Body required.

Solidity, in Architecture, is applied both to the Con- fidence of the Ground whereon the Foundation of a Building is laid j and to a Maflive of Mafonry, of extraordinaryThick- neis, without any Cavity within.

The Solidity of the Egyptian Pyramids is inconceivable. See Pyramid.

SOLIDS, in Anatomy, &c. all the continuous and con- tinent Parts of the Body are thus call'd, in Oppofition to the Fluids or the Parts contained therein. See Body,

Of the Solid kind, are the Bones, Cartilages, Ligaments, Membranes, Fibres, Mufcles, Tendons, Arteries, Veins Nerves, Glands, Lymphieducis and La&eals, See Bone, Cartilage, Ligament, ggfc, under their reipe£tive Ar- ticles.

Notwithstanding the great Number and Appearance of the Solids of the Body 5 we find from the Microfcope, lnje6tions, Velicatories, Atrophies &c. that the Solid Parts are exceedingly fin all and inconfiderable, in comparifon of the Fluids. Nay,'tis almoftdemonftrable, from a Consider- ation of the Rife and Generation of the Veflels, and the Reiblution of the greated VefiTels into their fmalleft con- ftituent ones, rhat the whole Mais of Solids in the Body, confifts merely of Fibres, as their common Elements. See Fibre.

In, effect, the whole Mafs of Solids, as well as Fluids, a minute Stamen or Animalcule, only excepted, arofe from a very fubtile fluid Colliquament, not unlike the Nervous Juice ; as is fhewn by Malpighi, in his Treatife de Ovo Incubato. See Egg.

The White of the Egg never nourimes, till, from its na- tural Thicknefsj it have been brought, by Incubation, through innumerable Degrees of Fluidity, to become fubtile enough to enter the minute Veficles of the Stamen or Seed. The firft, fofr, tender Solids arifing from this fubtile Humor pafs through infinite, intermediate Degrees, e'er they arrive at their utmoft Solidity. See Generation.

All the Solids therefore in our Bodies (unlefs any one will be ib nice as to except the firft Stamen) only differ from the Fluids, out of which they arife, by their Reft, Cohefionand Figure ; and a fluid Particle will become fit to form a Part of a Solid, as foon as there is a Force fufficient to effcel: its Cohefion with the other Solid Parts. See Nutrition.

SOLILOQY, a E.eafoning or Difcourfe, which a Man holds with himfelf. See Monologue.

Papias fays, that Soliloquy is properly a Difcourfe by Way of Anfwer, to a Queftion that a Man has propofed to himfelf.

Soliloquies are become mighty common Things on the modern Stage 5 yet can nothing be more inartificial or more unnatural, than an Aclor's making long Speeches to himfelf, to convey his Intentions, &C. to the Audience.

Where fuch Difcoveries are to be made, the Poet fhould rather take Care to give the Dramatic Perfons fuch Confi- dants, as may neceflarily fhare their inmoft Thoughts 5 By which means, they will be more naturally convey'd to the Audience. Yet is even this a Shift, an accurate Poet would not be found to have Occafion for. The Ufe and Abufe of Soliloquies, is well delivered by the Duke of Sttckinghatft, in the following Lines :

Soliloquies had need he very few, Extremely port, and fpoke in 'Pajfwiz too. Our Lovers talking to themfelves, for want Of others, make the 'Pit their Cotifidant : Nor is the Matter mended yet, if thus T'hey tri'fi a Friend, only to tell it lis, ■

SOLITARY, fomething retired, or in private 5 remote from the Company, or Commerce of others of the fame Species.

A Solitary Column, is a Column that ftands alone in any public Place ; as thep'rajan Column. See Column.

A Solitary Worm, is a Worm fometimes found in the Jn- teftines,and which is always the only one of the Kind; as being placed in the Pylorus, and extending thence, the whale Length of the Inteftines; fo that there is no Room fcr another. See Worm.

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SOL

Solitaries, is alfo the Title of the Nuns of S. Telerai Alcantara mftituted in 1676, by Cardinal Sarberm, when Abbot of Notre 2)ame de Farfa, in that City.

They propoie to imitate the fevere, penitent Life of St. 'Peter ot Mcantara ; keep a continual Silence never open their Mouths to any Body but themfelves ; employ their Time wholly in fpintual Exercifes, and leave the Temporal Concerns to a Number of Maids, who have a particular Su- perior in a feparate Part of the Monaftery. They always a a Bare-footed, without Sandals, gird thcmfelves with a thick Cord, and wear no Linnen. SOLITAURILIA, in Antiquity. SeeSuovETAURtLiA. SOLL1C1TOR, a Perlbn employ'd to follow, and take care of Suits depending in Courts of Law, or Equity ; for- merly allowed only to Nobility, whofe menial Servants they were ; but now frequently ufed to others, to the great In- creafeof Champarty and Maintenance. See Attorney.

Sollicitor General, hath his Office by Patent, duri'na the King's Pleafure. 5

The Attorney General, and he, had anciently a Right to their Writs of Summons, to fit in the Lords Houfe on fpecial Occafions, till the 13th Car. II. fince which, they have almoft conflantly been chofen Members of the Houfe of Commons. He has the Care and Concern of ma- naging the King's Affairs, and hath Fees for Pleading, be- iides other Fees arifing by Patents, (Sic. He hath his At- tendance on the Privy Council ; and the Attorney General, and he, were anciently reckoned among the Officers of the Exchequer; They have Audience, and come within the Bar in all other Courts.

SOLSTICE, in Aftronomy, the Time when the Sun i$ in one of the Solptial 'Points, that is, when he is at his greater! Diftance from the Equator; which is 23 Degrees and a Half; thus called, becaufe he then appears to fiani ftill, and not to change his Place in the Degrees of the Zo- diac, any Way : An Appearance owing to the Obliquity of our Sphere, and which thofe who live under the liauator are Strangers to. See Solstitial Points.

The Solfiices ate Two, in each Year ; the Efiival or Sum- mer Solpce, and the Byemal or Winter Solfiice.

The Summer Solfiice, is when the Sun is in the Tropic of Cancer; which is on the 1 ith o{ r /une ; when he makes the longeft Day. See Tropic and Day.

The Winter Solfiice, is when he enters the firft Degree of Capricorn ; which is on the 1 1 th of December ; when he begins to return towards us, and makes the lhorteft Day.

This is to be underftood, as in our Northern Hemifphere ; for in the Southern, the Sun's Entrance into Cafricom, makes the Summer Solfiice, and that into Cancer, the Winter Solfiice. SeeEcLipTic, Summer, Winter, g?c.

SOLSTITIAL 'Points, are thole Points of :he Ecliptic, wherein the Sun's Afcent above the Ecliptic, and his Defcent below it, ate tetminated. See Point.

The firft Point, which is in the beginning of the firft De- gree of Cancer, is called the EJlival or Summer Point ; and the latter, which is in the beginning of the firft Point of Capricorn, the Winter Point. See Solstice.

The Solfiitial Joints are Diametrically oppofite to each other.

Solstitial Colure, is that pairing through the Solfiitial 'Points. See Colure.

SOLUBLE, in Medicine, Loofe, or apt to go to Stool. See Laxative, Stool, ($c.

Soluble Tartar, is a kind of Salt, chymically prepared, by boiling Eight Ounces of Cream of Tartar, with Four of Fix'd Salt of Tartar. See Tartar.

SOLVENT, the lame with Diffolvent. See Dissolvent.

SOLUTIO Continui, or Solution of Continuity, a Term ufed by Phyficians, cjfc. to exprefs a Difeafe common to the Iblid Parts of the Body, wherein their natural Cohefion is feparated.

If this happen to a fimple, fimilar Part of the Body ; 'tis called, limply, Solutio Continui.

If on a compound, or organical Part, it acquires a parti- cular Denomination, from the Nature of the Part, the Diffe- rence of the Caufe, or the Manner of the Application ; as, aWound, Rupture, FraBure, 'PunBure, Fiffure, Contufion, Ulcer, Corrojion, 2>ilaceration, Exfoliation, Caries, &c. See Wound, Rupture, Fracture, &c.

SOLUTION, in Algebra and Geometry, is the anfwer- ing of a Queftion ; or refolving any Problem propofed. See Resolution.

The Solution of the Problem of the Quadrature of the Circle, and that of the Duplicature of the Cube, by Right Lines, ate held impoffible. See Quadrature and Du- plicature.

Solution of Continuity, in Chirurgery ; See Solutio Continui.

Solution, in Phyficks, the Reduction of a Solid, or firm. Body, into a fluid State, by means of forne Menftruum. fee Menstruum. 1

Solution,