Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/726

 SHU

SHOULDERING, in Fortification, is a Retrenchment, oppofed to the Enemies; or a Work call up for a Defence

i ne Side: whether made of Heaps of Earth cart up, or of Gabions, and Fafcines. A Shoulimig alfo is a Square Oriilon, fbmetimes made in the Baitions, on the Flank near the Shoulder, to cover the Cannon of a Cafement. It is alio taken for a Demi-Baftion, or Work, confifting oi one Face, and one Flank, which ends in a Point, at the Head ot an Horn-work, or Crown-work : Neither is it to be under- flood only of a fmall Flank added to the Sides of the Horn-work to defend them, when they are too long ; but alfo of the Redents which are railed on a fireight Line.

SHOULDERfNG-PlECE, in Building. See Bracket.

SHOULDER-WRENCH is a Strain in the Shoulder.

SHOWER, a Cloud refolved into Rain, and dilcharged on a certain Traft of Ground. See Rain.

In Natural Hillory we meet with abundance of Inftances of extraordinary and preternatural Shelters i As, Showers ot Shod, mentioned by Gaffendus, and others ; A Srimjtone Shower mentioned by IVormius ; Showers of Frogs, mention- ed by Pliny, and even Dr. 'Plot ; A Shower of Millet -Seed-, in Silefw, mentioned in the Ef hem. German. An. 3 . Showers of Jjl'es, frequent in the Jrehipekgo. A Shower of Wheal in Wiltshire. A Shower of Whitings, mention'd in the PhiloJ. Traufatl. The natural Realbns ot many whereof may be feen under the Article Rain.

SHRINE, a Cafe to hold the Relicks of fome Saint : Sec Relicks. The Word is formed from the Latin Sen- nium, a Desk or Cabinet.

SHROVE-T1DE, the Time immediately before Lent ; thus call'd by our Anceftors, becaufe employed in Shriving, that is, in confeffing their Sins to the Priert; in order to a

more devout keeping the enfuing Lent Faft. Shrove Tuef-

day is the Day next before the firft of Lent.

'SHROWD1NG ef Trees, the cutting or lopping off the Top-Branches thereof; which is only prafllfed ro Trees that are not fit for Timber, but defigned for Fuel, or fome other prefent Ufe. Such Trees the Husbandmen find much preferable to Copfe ; as they need no Fence to fecure them, becaufe Handing in no Danger of the Browzings and Rubbings of Cattle, which too, have the Benefit of Grazing under them.-— For the Time of Sbrowdit/g, 'tis not to be praflifed till the Trees have flood three or four Years ; either at the Beginning of the Spring, or the End of the Fall. The harder fort not to be lopped above once in ten or twelve Years, and that at any Time in the Winter. The pithy and fofter Woods are bctl Jbrowded in the Spring. The Stumps left, fhould always be cut aflope, and lmooth, in order to call the Water off; and prevent its finking in, and rotting the Tree.

SHROWDS, are great Ropes in a Ship, which come from either Sides of all Mads : They are fattened below by Chains to the Ship's Sides, and aloft, over the Head of the Maft; their Pendants, Fore-tackle, and Swifters, being firft put under them. They are alfo fewed there, to pre- vent their galling the Maft. The Top-mall Shrowjs are fattened to the Puttocks, bv Plates of Iron, and by Dead- Mens-Eyes, and Lanniers alfb, as the others are : The Terms are, Eafe the Shro-wds ; that is, Slacken them : Set taught the SbrowdS; that is, Set them falter: The Bolt-Sprit hath no

Shrowds. ,

SHRUB, a little low Tree, or Dwarf; or a Woody Plant, of a Size lefs than a Tree ; which, befides its princi- pal Stem, and Branches, frequently, from the fame Root, puts forth feveral other confiderable Sets or Stems : Such are 'Privet, Phillyrea, l$c. Shrubs and Trees put forth in Autumn, a kind of Buttons, or Gems, in the Axes of the Leaves : Thefe Buttons are as fo many little Eggs, which coming to expand by the Warmth of the following Spring, open into Leaves, and Flowers. By rhis, together with the Heighth, fome diflinguifh Shrubs from tinder Shrubs ; which are low Bullies, that do not put forth any of thefe Buttons; as Rofemary, Thyme. &c.

SHUTTLE, in the Manufaftures, a kind of Inftrument ufed by the Weavers, which, with a Thread it contains either of Wooll, Silk, Line, or other Matter, ferves to form the Woof of iheir Stuffs, Linnens, Ribbands, ?$c. by throw- ing the Shuttle alternately from Left to Right, and from Right to Left, a-crofs ; between the Threads of the Warp, which are ffretched out lengthwife on the Loom. In the Middle of the Shuttle is a Kind of Cavity,^ called the Eye or Chamber of the Shuttle, wherein is inclofed the Spoul, which is a Part of the Thread deftined for the Woof; and is wound on a little Tube of Paper, Rufh, or other Matter.

The Ribband-Weaver's Shuttle is very different from that of mod other Weavers, though it ferve for the fame Purpofe : 'Tis of Box, fix or feven Inches long, one broad, and as much deep : Shod with Iron at both Ends, which terminate in Points, and are a little crooked, the one to- wards the Right, and the other towards the Left, rcpre- fenting the Figure of an \_^->- 1 horizontally placed.

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S I, in Mufic, a Seventh Note, added within this Sixty Years', by one ie Maire, to the Six ancient Notes ; invented by Guide Aretin, ut, re, mi, fa, fit, la, ji ; by Means whereof, the Embarrafs ot the ancient Gamut is avoided. So bufy a Thing is Jealouly, that, for a matter of Thirty Years, that le Maire kept preaching to the Muficians of his Time, in Behalf of the new Note ; not a Man would allow it : B'ut he was no fooner dead, than ail the World came in- to it. See Note.

SIBYLS, SIBYLLA, in Antiquity, Virgin Propheteffes, or Maids fuppofed to be divinely inlpired ; and who, in the Height of their Enthufiafm, gave Oracles, and foretold Things to come. See Profhe'sy.

The Word is fuppofed formed of an Affemblage of rhe Two Greek Words, Suu, to agitate, and Eiiw.©-, full, by Reafbn of t:.e exceilive Fury they were agitated wirhal, when they delivered their Oracles. Authors do not agree about the Number of the Sibyls. Cafella reckons but Two, viz. Europhile of Troy, called Sibylla Phrygia, and Sinuachia of Lirithrtca, called, Sibylla Eritbrdta. Solinus mentions Three, viz. Cumea, Delphica, and Erithriea. JElian makes their Number Four ■ and Varro increaies it to Ten, denominating them from the Places of their Birth ; the 'Perfian, Lybian, 'Del- phic, Two Cumeans, Erithrtean, Samien, MeMeffoa k or Trojan, Phrygian, and Tiburtw. Of thefe, the moil celebra- ted are, the Erithrccan, Delphic, and Cumean Sibyls. See Oracle. .,.

The Sibylline-Oracles, were held in great Veneration by the more credulous among the Anticnts; but were much fu- fpecfed by many of the more knowing. The Books wherein they were written, were kept by the Romans with infinite Care and nothing of Moment undertaken without cunliilting them. Tarqnin firft commitied them to the Cufiody of Two Patrician Priefls, inftituted for that Purpofe.

SICILIAN, in Mufic, i$c. a Kind of gay fptightly Air, or Dance; fomewhat of the Nature of an Ergiifi Jig: ufu-

6 12 allv marked with the Charaflers - or —.

1 Q Q

S1CUT ALIAS, a Writ fent out in the Second Place, where the firft was not executed. It is thus called from its Beginning, which is in this Form: Georgius 2). G. Sec. Vice- ■■■ Priecipimiis tibi ("Sicut Alias) prts- &c.

comiti Heref. Salutem. cepimus quod non omittas,

„ cLatus Retltim. JLatus Tranfvtrfum.

SIDE, Latus, in Geometry. The Side of a Figure, is a Line making Part of the Periphery of any Superficial Figure. See Ficure. In Triangles, the Sides are alfo called Legs. In a Rectangle Triangle, ihe Two Sides, including the right Angle, are called Catheti 5 and the Third the Hypotbenufe. See Cathetus and Hyfothenuse.

Side of a Polygonal Number, is the Number of the Terms of the Arithmetical Progreffion, rhat are lummed up. See Polygonal Number.

Side of a Power, is what weotherwife call the Root, os Radix. See Root.

Right Side, Tranfverfe Side,

Site-Lays, is a Term made Ufe of by Hunrfmen, when Dogs are let in the Way, to be let flip at a Deer, as he pattes by.

SIDERATION, in Chirurgery, a Mortification of fome Part of the Body ; called alfo Sphacelus and Necrofis ; which fee.

Sideration, the Matting or blighting of Trees, Plants, lie. by Eaflern Winds, exceffive Hear, Draught, or the like. See Blight.

Sideration, is alfo ufed for a being fuddenly benumb'd, and deprived of the Ufe of one's Limbs, Senfes, £#. which the People call being Plane.'-ftruck.

SIDERIAL YEAR. See Year.

SIDER1TES, a Name fome Authors gives the Lcad- flone. See Magnet.

Sides of Hornworks, &c. in Fortification, are the Ram- parts and Breaft^works, which inclofe them on the Right and Left from the Gorge to rhe Head.

Sides-Men, properly called Synods-Men, or ^llfJl-Me'', Perfons, who in larger Parifhes are appointed to aflift die Church- Wardens, in enquiring into the Manners of inordi- nate Livers, and in prefenting Offenders at Vifirations.

SIEGE, in War, rhe Incamproent of an Army around a Place, with Defign to take it, either in the Way of Dilf rels and F'amine ; or by making Lines all around it, to pre- vent any Relief from without; or by main Force, as by digging Trenches, and making formal Attacks. T J? e, 4