Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/720

 SEX

tance 5 for the Hue of the one fha!! have his Moiety, and that of the other, tiie other.

SEVERANCE, in Law, the Siiging, or Severing, two or more that joyn, or are joyn'd, in the lame Writ. As if two join in a Writ, 2)e Libertate 'Probanda; and the one be afterwards Non-luited ; here, Severance is permitted, lb, as notwithstanding the Non-liiir of the one, the other may leverally proceed. There is alfo Severance cfthe Tenants in ao Affile j when ene, two, or more Diffeiiins appear upon the Writ, and not the other. And Severance in 'Debt, where two Executors are named Plaintiffs, and the one refutes to Prolecute. Severance of Coin ; Severance of Summons; Se- verance in Attaints, &c.

SEVERIANS. There were Two Scfls of Hereticks

C # 3 S H A

a f S lfJt,?K A 9' Urc! \ 0fficcr > thus caird by Corruption r* Z?J' S t C i ', 1 ' ™* Sagijlan. His Office is to take

Care of Church

the Veffels, veltments, &c. belonging to the . and to ierve and affift the Minifter, Church - Wardens, (fe at Church : He is ufually chole by the Par- fon only The Office of Semn cfthe Vote's Chatel is particularly affixed to the Order^ of th/ Hermits of Saint Aiiguftin: He is generally a Bilhop, though forftei times the lope only gives a Bifhoprick, « farribus, ro him he confers the Poll on. He takes the Trie of PrefeB of the PofesSacrifyihas the keeping of the Veffels of Gobd and Silver, the Relicks, d-c. When the Po P e lays Mafs the Sexton a ways talles the Bread and Wine fit*. It it be in Private he lays Mafs s his Holinefs of

the Cardi

thus call'd : The Firtt, who are as old as the beginning of fer V ^^TooT^Z ?Z 'tffcffifc ° f '"" ^

the Third Century, were a Branch of impure Gnoflicks ; ■ -

thus call'd from their Chief, Severvs. The Second, were

a Seel of Actphali or Eutychians. Their Leader, Severus,

was preferred to the See of Anticch in 513, where he did

his uimoil to let afide the Council of Chalcedon. See

Monotiielites. Hoffman calls thefe lafl Severites-.

SEWER, in the Houfhold, an Officer who comes in before the Meat of a King or Nubleman, to place and range it on the Table. The Word is form'd from the French, Ffcuyer, Elquire, Gentleman or U/her.

Sewers, in Building, are Shores or Conduits; or Con- veyances for the Suillage and Filth of a Houfe. Sir Henry Wotton adviies, that Art imitate Nature in thefe Ignoble Conveyances, and feparate them from Sight, (where there wants a running Water) into the moft remote, lowefl and thickeft part of the Foundation, with fecret Vents palling Up through the Walls, to the wide Air, like Tunnels; which all the Italian Architects commend for the Difcharge of fioilbm Vapours, rhough ejfewbere little pracfiied.

SEX, fomething in the Body, which diftiuguifhes Male from Female. See Male and Female. The Number of Perfbns, of the two Sexes, are exceedingly well baiane'd; ib that every Man may have his Wife, and every Vuman her Husband. See Marriage. Hermaphrodites have both the Sexes in one. SeeHERMApHRODiTE. 'Tis cxprefly forbid by the Law of Afofes, to di/guife ihe Sex.

SEXAGENARY; fomething relating to the Number Sixty : Particularly, a Perfon arrived at the Age of Sixty Yeats. Some Cafuifts difpenfe with Sexagenaries for nut Failing. The Papian Law prohibits Sexagenaries from Marriage ; becaufe, at that Age, the Blood and Humours are frozen. The Word is formed from the Latin, Sexa- genarius.

SEXAGENARY TABLES, are Tables of proportional Parts, fhewihg the Producf of Two Sexagenaries, or Sexa- gena's, that are to be multiplied ; or the Quotient of Two, to be divided,

SEXAGESlMAj the Second Sunday before Lent, or the next to Shrove-Sunday : So called, as being about the Sixtieth Day before Eafter, Sexagefima is that which follows Sep- tuegefima, and preceding £>uinquagefima. See Septua-

CESIMA.

SEXAGESIMAL, or Sexagenary Arithmetic, a Me- thod of Computation, proceeding by Sixties : As in the Di- vifion of a Degree into 6o Minutes ; of the Minute, into 60 Seconds ; oi the Second, into 60 Thirds, £t?c.

SEXAGESIMALS, are F'raflions, whole Denominators proceed in a Scxagecufle Ratio ; that is, the Firll Mi- nute = ? L, a Second = ,!,„, a Third, ,^, p. See Degree. Antiently there were no other than Sexagefimals, ufed in Alltonomical Operations, and they are ft ill retained in many Cafes ; though Decimal Arithmetick begins to prow in Ufe now in Aftronomical Calculations. In thefe Fractions, (which lome call Aftronomicals) the Denomina- tor is uiiially omitted, and the Numerator only written down; thus, 4, 59', 52'', 50"', 16"", is to be read, 4 De- grees, 5:9 Minutes, 3 2 Seconds of a Degree, or 60th Part ofaMinute, 50 Thitds, 16 Fourths, j£c. SeeFRicTioNS.

SEXTANS: The Romans divided their As, which M'as a Pound of Brafs, into 1 2 Ounces : The Ounce was

called Unaa, trom Unum; and two Ounces Sextmis, being, ,. ,., .„., t ,

the fixth 1 art of the Pound. Sextans was alfo a Meafure, changes Place, the Shadow likewife change

which contained two Ounces or Liquor : Thus, Sextantes, 2. Every opake Body projeas as m-

nil, who afiifts the Pope in Quality of Deacon, of three Waters gives him two to eat. When the Pope dies he admmifters to him the Sacraments of Extreme Unffion, E&5 an c/YT»v e ^clave, m Quality of firll Conclavift.

St-AlKi. See Sacristy.

SEXTUS, Sixth, in rhe Canon Law, is a Colleflioh of Decretals, madeby Pope Boniface the VIHth ; ufually thus called from the Title, which is Liber Sextus; as if it were a Sixrh Book added to the Five Books of Decretals, col- lected by Gregory IX. The Sextus is a Colleflion of Pa- pal Conftltutions, publifhed after the Colleilion of Gre- S t' 7l ri con, taimn g thoft of the fame Gregory, Innocent the 1 Vth, Alexander the IVth, Urban the IVth, Clement , in', Sn S'S X. Nicholas III. and Boniface VIII. by whole Order the Compilation was made. Th'e Petfons em- ploy 'd in making of it were Will, de Mandegct, Archbifhop ofAmbrun; and Berenger Bilhop oi Beaiers, and Richard of Vienna.

SGRAFIT, in Painting, a Term derived either from the Italian Sgrafficiata, Scratch-work, or the Greek yt*t»i fignifying a Method of Painting in Black and White only, not in Frefco, yet f'uch as will bear the Weather. Sgraflt is both the Defign, and the Painting, ail in one : 'Tis chiefly ufed, to enlbellilh the Fronts of Palaces, and other magnificent Buildings. See Scratch- Work.

SHACK, in our Culloms, a Liberty of Winter-Pallurage. In the Counties of Norfolk, and Suffolk, the Lord of the Manor has Shack, i. e. A Liberty of feeding his Sheep at Pleafurfe upon his Tenant's Lands, during the Six Winter Months.. In Norfolk, Shack alfo extends to the Common for Hogs, in ail Mens Grounds, from the End of Harvefl, till Seed-time : Whence, to go a-Shack, is to feed at large.

SHADOW, SHADE, a Plan where the Light is weak- ened by the Interpofition of fome. opake Body before the Luminary. The Shadae of Yew, Cyprefs, and Wall-nut^ tree, are held dangerous to Men : The Shadow of Afh is deadly to Serpents ; for which Reafbn Serpents are never found under its Shade. The Doftrine of Shadows makes a confiderabie Article in Opticks, and Geography, and is the Foundation of Dialling.

Shadow, in Opticks, is a Privation of Light, by the Interpofition of an opake Body. But as nothing is feen but by Light; a mere Shadow is invifible. When there- fore we fay, We fee a Shadow ; 'tis pattly, that we fee Bodies placed in the Shadow, and illuminated by Light, re- flefled from collateral Bodies ; and partly, that we fee the Confines of the Light. See Light.

If the opake Body, that projeas the Shadow, be per- pendicular to the Horizon, and the Place 'tis projeaed on, be Horizontal ; the Shadow is called a Right Shadow : Such are the Shadow^oi Men, Trees, Buildings, Mountains, tfc If the opake Body be placed parallel to the Horizon, the Sbade-w is called a Verfed Shadow ; as the Arms of a Man ftretched out, i£c.

Laws cfthe Trojetlioit ofSriAvov/sfrom Opake Bodies.

i°. Every opake Body projefls a Shadow in the fame Direaion with its Rays ; that is, towards the Part oppofite to the Light. Hence, as either the Luminary, or the Bodv

-1 PI..J._.l!l •/•, " >

Cattfte, duos infunde Falemi.

SEXTANT, in Mathematicks, is the Sixth Part of a Circle ; or an Arch, comprehending 60 Degrees, Sextant is particularly ufed for an Aftronomical Inllrumenr, made like a Quadrant ; excepting, that its Limb only compte- hends to Degrees : The Ufe and Application of the Sextant, is the fame with that of the Quadrant. Quadrant. In the Obfervatories of Greenwich, ™ehn. are very large and extraordinary Sextants.

See and Set

M

vatory. SEXTARIUS ,

an ancient Roman Meafure. See

E-AstlRE.

SEXT1LE, is the Pofition, or Afpea, of the Planets, when at (, a Degrees diftant ; or at the Diftance of two 5"gns from one another. It is marked thus (:,

ry opake Body projeas as many Shadovos, as there are Luminaries to inlighten it.

g°. Aa the Light of the Luminary is more inrenfe, the Shadow is the deeper. Hence the Intenfity of the Shadow is meafured by the Degrees of Light that Space is depri- ved of.

4°. If a luminous Sphere be equal to an opake one it il- lumines ; the Shadow this latter projefls, will be a Cylin-' der; and, of Confequence, will be propagated ftill equal to it felf, to whatever Diftance the Luminary is capable of daing : So that, if it be cut in any Place, the Plane of the Scaion wiM be a Circle equal to a great Circle of the opake Sphere.

5 . If the Luminous Sphere be greater than the opake

one ; the Shadow will be conical. If therefore the She*

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