Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/718

 S ER

Pope 'Damafus and Gregory the Great; which laft is faid to have ufedit to check, by his Modefty, the Arrogance of John, Patriarch of Conflantinople, who took the Title of Oecumenical. 'Du Conge adds, That the Title Servant has been taken by Pome Bifhops, fome Kings, and fome Monk.

SERVITIUM, i.i Law. See Service,

SERVETISTS, the Difciples or Followers of Michael Servet, the Ringleader of the Antitrinitarians of thefe Jail Ages. In Reality, however, Servet had not any Difciples ; as being burnt, together with his Books, at Geneva,™ 1553 ; But the Name Scrvetip is given to the Modern Antitnni- tarians, brcaule they have follow'd hisFoot-fteps Sextus Senenfis calls the Anabaptip, Servetip, and ftems to ufe the Two Terms Indifferently. The Truth is, in many Things, the ancient Anabaptip of Switzerland, &. chimed in with Servet. As the Books that he wrote againlt the Trinity, are very rare, his real Sentiments are butlitrle known. M. Simon, who had a Copy of the firft Edition lays them down at length in his Critical Hiftory. Tho ! 'Servet ules many of the lame Arguments againft the Trini- ty, as the Annas, yet he profeffes himfelf very far from their Sentiments. He alfo oppofes the Secinians in fome Things; and declares his Diffent from the Opinions of <Paulus Samofatenus, though Sandius miftakenly charges him with having the fame Sentiments. In effeft, he does not feem to have had any fix'd regularSyftem of Religi

Reves, ab Arragonia Hifpamtm. The Tear following he publi Ih'd his Dialogues on the Myflery of theTrini ty. In the Preface to which lad: Work, he declares himfelf dif- fatisfied therewith. 'Twas on this Account he undertook another on the fame Subjeft, of much greater Extent; which did not appear till the Year 1553, a little before his Death. Thole of Geneva having feiz'd the Copies of this Edition, had it burnt; nor were there above Two or Three that efcaped ; one of which was kept at Sajil, where the Book was printed, but is now in the Library at 'Dublin. It was lately put to the Prefs, fecretly, in En- gland ; but being difcovered, the Impreffion was feiz'd, and dellroy'd.

SERVICE, SERVITUM, in Law, a Duty which the Tenant, by reafon of his Fee, owes to the Lord. See Fee. It is fometimes alio call'd Sewage. Our ancient Law-Books make divers Divifions of Service, viz. into •Perfonal, Real and Mixt ; Military, and Safe ; Intrinfec and ExtrinfecfSc But fince the Statute 12 Car. II. whereby all Tenures are turn'dmto free.and common Soccage; much of thatLearning is let afide : Yet may it nor a be amifs to mention how the fe- veral Kinds of Service are defcribed in our ancient Law- Books.

Vcrfonal Service, is that to be perform'd by the 'Perfon ; liich is that due from a Slave to his Matter.

Mixt Service, is that due from the Perfon, by reafon of the Thing, as an Ulu-fruit, efc. Our ancient Law- Books tell us of Lands held of the King, by the Tenant's letting a Fart before the King on New-Tears-Day ; others, by furnifhing the King withXvhores whenever he travelled that Way; others, by bringing the King a Mefs of Pottage at his Coronation Feaft, £$c.

Km/Service, is either Urbane or Ruftic ; which two Kinds differ, not in the Place, but the Thing. The firft is that due from a Building or Houfe, in whatever Place fituate, whether City or Country, as the keeping a Drain, a Vifta or the like. Rape Services, are thofe due for Grounds where there is no Building ; fuch is the Right of Paffage through Ways, £=fc. There are alfo Natural Services: For Inftance, if a Man can't gather the Produce "this Lands without paffing through his Neighbour's Grounds, the Neighbour is obliged to allow a Paffage, as a Natural Service. By the Lex Scribonia, a Servitude ran't be acquir'd by CuHom and Prefcription.

Military Service ? gee r Knights Service. Safe Service i JVileenage.

Forkfec, or Extrinfec, or Regal Service, was uService much did not belong to the chief Lord, but to the King. 1 was call'd Forinfec and Extrinfec, becaufe done foris, ° u ' of Doors ; and extra Servitium. We read ftvcral "'ants in the Monafticon, of all Liberties, with the Ap- purtenances, Salvo forenfi Servitio.

htrhifec Service, that due to the Chief Lord from hl! VafTals.

r-Frp-nk Service, a Service done by the Feudatory i e nams. who wmp rallM TiUcm i™,,.;*.^ and diftincl

for they were

c*n

§£S

rp --■..». utii m.iij a. ulihii. kiUUC uy Lilt

c nants, who were call'd Liberi homines, notK als: Aslikeai << : was their Service ;1 1 ™"">d to any of thole Services, as to Plough the Lord's t, an j? 5. tSc. But only to find a Man and Horfe to attend

cilivf r dint0 the Arm y or Court - This was fometimes 411 a Liberv.m Servitium Armorum.

SERVITES an Order of Religious, denominated froffi a peculiar Attachment to the Service of the Virgin. The Order was founded by Seven Florentine Merchants, who, about the Tear ,233, began to live in Community on Mount Senar, Two Leagues from Florence. In ,j, 9> they received from the Bifhop, the Rule of St. AuguJHm, with a Black Habit, in lieu of a Grey one which they had wore before In ,j 5, Scnflio, one of the Seven, of Ample Prior of Mount Senar, was named General The Order was approved of by the Council of the Laterajn notwiths- tanding the Decree it had pafs'd to ptevent the Multi- plication of Religious Orders. And it was again ap- pro ved by Cardinal Raynerius, Legat of Pope InhetxM I V ; who put it under the Proteflion of the Holy See The fuccecding Popes have granted it a great many Favours, particularly Alexander IV. and Innocent VIII. It has had fome Reform. At prefent it has Twenty-feven Provinces. Tis become famous in Italy, by the Hiftory of the Council of Trent, of Fra. •Paolo, a Venetian, who was a Re- ligious Semite. M. Hermant, gives this Order the Name of the Annunciate, doubtlefs from this Miftake that iri fome Cities of Italy, they are call'd Religious of the An- nunciate, becaufe in thofe Cities, their Church is dedi- cated under that Name. F. Arcban Giani, derives the Name Servites, Servants of the Holy Virgin, from hence ; That when they appeared for the firft Time in the Black Habit given them by the Bifhop, the Sucking Children

cried out ; See the Servants of the Virgin. There are

alfo Nuns of this Order.

SERVITOR, in our Univerfities, a Scholar who at- tends or waits on another for his Maintenance there.

Servitors of Bills ; are fuch Servants or MeffengerS, of the Mardial of the King's-Semh, as were fent Abroad with Bills or Writs, to Summon Men to that Court. They are now commonly called Tip-pves.

SERVITUDE, the Condition of a Servant, or Slave; See Service. Under the Declenfion of the Roman Em- pire ; a new kind of Servitude, was introduced, different from that of the ancient Romans : It confifted in leaving the Lands of fubjugated Nations to the firft Owners, upon Condition of certain Rents, and fervile Offices, to be paid in Acknowledgement. Hence the Names of Servi cenflli, ad fcriptitii {$ addiBi Glcbf : Some whereof were taxable at the reafonable Difcretion of the Lord; others at a certain Rate agreed on ; and others were mainmortable, who, having no legitimate Children, could not make a Will to above the Value of Five-Pence, the Lord being Heir of all the reft; Others were prohibited marrying, or going to live out of the Lordlhip. Moft of which Services ftill fubfift in one Province or other of France ; though all abolifh'd in England. Such was the Original of our Tenures, g?r. See Tenure.

SERUM, a thin, tranfparent, watry Liquor, fomewhat faltifli, which makes a confiderable Part in rhe Mafs of Blood. The Blood confifts of Two Kinds or Parts ; the Cruor, or redPart; and the Serum, or wheyifii, limpid Part. See Blooh. Mr. Soyle, and fume others, have taken the Serum to be more ponderous than the Cruor ; but Dr. Jurin, in the 'Philofopbical T'ranfaElions, from repeated Experiments, aflures us of the contrary. See Cruor. The Serum is, in Reality, the fame with the Lympba : 'Tis carried by the Arteries throughout the feveral Parts of the Body; whence it returns partly in the Veins, and partly in the Lymphatick Veflels, See Lymfha. The Ufe of the Serum is to nourilli the Patts of the Body ; and to render the Chyle and Blood more Fluid. See Nutrition. Urine and Sweat, are nothing but Serum drained of their Nutritious Parts, by repeated Circulati- ons, and Secreted from the Blood in the Glands of the Kidneys and Skin. The Redundancy, and other Vices in the Serum,are the Caufe of various Dileafes.See Disease.

SESAMOIDEA OSSA, in Anatomy, feveral very imall Bones, placed between the Joints of the Fingers, to for- tify them ; and prevent Diflocations. See Finger. They have their Name from their Refemblance to a Grain of Sefamum, from Sefamum, and £S>&, firm.

SESQUI, a Latin Particle, fignifying a Whole and a Half; which, joined with Altera, 'Terza, £>siarta, iic. is much ufed in the Italian Mufic, to exprefs a Kind of Ratio's ; particularly, feveral Species of Triples, The Ratio exprefs'd by Sefqui, is the Second Ratio of Ine- quality, called alfo Super-particular Ratio ; and is, when the greater Term contains the Lefs, once, and fome certain Part, over : As ; : 1; where the Firft Term contains the Second once, and Unity over ; which is a Quota Part of Two. Now, if this Part remaining, be juft Half the lefs Term, the Ratio is called Sefqlli- altera: If the remaining Part be a Third Part of the leffer Term, as 4 : 3, the Rano is called Sefqui-tertia, or Sefqui-terza. If a Fourth Part, as 5:4, the Ratio is called Sefcjid-quarta; and thus to Infinity, ftill adding to Sefqui the ordinal Number of the fmaller Term. In

jBnglift,