Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/712

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corflumnicated him, and was reciprocally Excommunicated by him. Soon afterwards, a Fifth, named Smith, erefted alike Church ax Ley den, bur it dwindled away after his Death: And Separatijin was brought very low, when Rebmfon appeared, and rais'd irs Head. He fbften'd the Dogma's of Brown, and let on foot a good Underflanding among them ; but was not able to unite the whole Sect. Tart of them ftill adhered to the rigid Opinions of their old Mailer Brown, and pare of them followed Robinfon. The nrft retained the Old Name of Separatip, the latter affirmed _ that of Semi-Separatip, and at length dege- nerated into Jndependams, which is the Name whereby they are now ufually call'd, both in New and Old England.

fieelNDEPENDANTS.

Eornius mentions another Oafs of Separatip, call'd Sefqvi-Separatip, that is, Separatip and an Half. Some will have thefe ro be a diltinct Sect ; others, the fame with the Semi-Separatip: For 'tis added, that the Semi-Separa- tip, under pretence of taking a Medium between the •Jjrcwnip and the Church of "England, went further even than the Brownip themfelves, and under the Name of Separatip degenerated into Separatip and a Half.

SEP1.EOS, Skuttlefifh Bone: This is white and Spongy, and feems almofl to be calcined by the Sun. Ir is rovigh and abflerfive, and chiefly uled in Medicine as a Pentrifice.

SEPTA, in Antiquity, were Indofures, or Rails, made of Boards ; through which they went in, to give their Votes, in the AfTemblies of the Romans.

SEPTEMBER, the Ninth Month of rhe Year, reckon- ing from January ; and rhe Seventh, from the Vernal Equina* ; whence its Name, viz. from Septimus, Seventh. The Roman Senate would have given this Month the Name of Tiberius ; but that Emperor oppos'd it. The Emperor Domitian gave it his own Name Germanicus ; the Senate under Antoninus 'Pius gave it that of Antho- anus. Commodus gave it his Sirname Herculeus 5 and the Emperor Tacitus, his own Name, Tacitus ; but thefe Appellations have all gone into Difufe.

SEPTEMVIR, tn Antiquity. See Epulo. The Ger- mans fometimes ufe the Word Septemvirate, for the Seven Electors of the Empire. See Elector.

SEPTENTRIO, in Allronomy, a Northern Conftella- tion, more ufually call'd Urfa minor, or the little Bear, and by the People, Charles's Wain, See Ursa Minor. The Word is form'd from the Latin, Septem, as conlifting of Seven Stirs, indTrioues the Bullocks, which, in the An- cient Conftellation, were yoak'd to rhe Chariot.

Septentrio, in Cofmography, the fame with North ; thus call'd from the ancient Conftellation Septentrio, one of whole Stars, is the 'Pole Star. See North, Pole- Star, £&. Hence alfo Septentrional, fomerhing be- longing to the North ; as Septentrional Signs ; Septentrional "Parallels, &c. t.hofe on the Northern Side of the Equa. tor.

SEPTIER or SETIER, a trench Meafure, differing ac- cording totheSpecies of theThings meafured. For Liquors, the Septier is the lame Thing with the Chopine or Half-pint. See Chopine. For dry Meafure, the Septier is very diffe- lenr, in different Places and different Commodities ; as not being any Veffel of Meafure, but only an Eflimation of feveral other Meafures. At 'Paris, the Septier of Wheat confifts of Two Mines, the Mine of Two Minors, and the Minot of Three Bulhels. SeeBusHEL. Twelve Septiers make the Mine. See Mine. The Septier of Oats is double that of Wheat. See Measure.

SEPTIZON, in the Ancient Architeclure, a Term almofl appropriated to a famous Maufoleum, of the Fa- mily of the AnthpninS; which Aur. Vitlor tells us, was built in the Tenth Region of the City of Rome • being a very large infulated Building, with Seven Stages or Stories of Columns. The Plan was fquare ; and the Upper Stories of Columns, falling back much, render'd the Pile of a Pyramidal Form; terminated a-top, with the Statue of the Emperor Septimus Severtts, who built it. It had its Name Septizon, Septizonium, from Septem and Zona, q.d. Seven Zones or Girdles, by reafon of its being girt with Seven Rows of Columns. Hiftorians make mention of another Scptizon, more Ancient than that of Sevens, built near the Thermte of Anthoninus.

SEPTUAGESIMA, the Firft Sunday in Lent, or the Fourth Sunday before guadrageftma ; as giiinquagefima is ■he next before §hiadragefima, then Sexagefima, and Sep- ttiagefuna: Being all Days appropriated by the Church to A8s of Penance and Mortification, by Way of Preparation rot the Devotion of the Lent enliiing. The Laws of King Canutus ordained a Vacation from Judicature, from Septuagejima to guindena <Pafcb£. See Qui n qu a g es 1 m a. from Septuagefma to the Oftaves after Eajler, Marriage I s forbidden by the Canon-Law. It takes its Name from '<s being about 70 Days before Eafier. Pope Telefphorus ""I made it a Feaft Day, and appointed Lent ro com- mence from it. See Lent.

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SEPTUAGINT, LXX, or the Seventy, a Term fa- mous amongDivines and Criticks, for a Verfion of the Old Tejla-ment,o a t of Hebrew into Greek, perform'd by Seventy- Zfl^M',-, In, te , r P, r « e ". J" Obedience to an Order of <Ptolomy Philadelphia The Ancients, rill Jerom\ Time; umverlally believed, that the Seventy were Infpired Per- sons not mere Translators ; grounding their Belief 01. a fabulous ftftory of this Verfion, given by Jriftjevs: Who tells us, That the HlghPrieft ESeazer', chofe Six Dodors out of each Tribe for this Office, which made the Num- ber of Seventy 1 wo ; and that thefe being fhut up, each in his feveral Cell, each rranllated the whole ; and with- out feeing wnat any of the reft had done, rhey were all found to agree, to a Letter. The Word is fomfd from the Latin, Septucgima, Seventy.

The Chronology of the Seventy, is an Account of the Years of the World, very different from what is found in the mrewText, and the Vulgate ; making the World 1466 Years older than 'tis found in thefe latter. The Criticks are much divided, as to the Point of Preference. B aromas prefers the Account of the Seventy : And IT Vcf- fius makes an Apology for ir. The Two lateft and moil tenuous Advocates, are Father Pezron, a Bernardme, and Father legmen, a Dominican, the firft of which defends the Chronology of the Seftuegim, and the latter that of the Hebrew Text.

SEPTUM, in Anatomy, a Term literally fignifying an Inclofure or 'Partition ; applied to feveral Parts of the Body, which ferve to feparate one Part from another. The Septum Luadum, is a Partition feparatine the Two upper Ventricles of the Brain ; rhus call'd, as being Tranfparent. See Brain.

Septum Medium, or Cordis, is a Separation between the Two Ventricles of the Heart. 'Tis about a Finger thick, flefhy, and of the fame Subftance with the Heart itlelf; conliftmg of mufcular Fibres, which aflifl it in its Motions Some have imagined it to be perforated with 3. great Number of Holes ; bur mifhkenly. See Heart. Septum Tranfverfum, is the Separation of the Two Bellies or Venters, call d alfo Diaphragm. SeeDi iphragma' Septum Narium. See Nose. Septum Sulbi, divides rhe Bulb of the Urethra lengthwife. See Urethra. Septum ■■Gallimguns. See Caput Gallinacinis. Septum Clitoridis, a membranous Partition running all along be- tween the Two Corpora Cavernosa, from tfi's Glans to its Divarication at the Os pubis. See Clitoris. Septum Anns. See Ear. Septum Tefiium. See Testicle.

SEFULCHER, a Tomb, or Funeral Monumenr ; or a Place deftined for the Intermenr of the Deceis'd. The Term is chiefly uftd with regard to the Bury.ng-Places of the Ancienrs : Thofe of the Moderns we ufually call Tombs. See Tomb. Befides, the ufual Sefulchers for rhe Interment, either of the whole Body, or of rhe Allies of the Body burnt; the Ancients had a peculiar Kind, call'd Cenotaphmm; being an empty Sepulcher, made in Honour of fome Perfon, who, perhaps, had no Burial at all; from a Superfluous Opinion, That rhe Souls of thofe who wanted Burial, wandered an Hundred Years, e'er they were admitted topafs into the Elyfian Fields. SeeBuRiAi, Funeral, Ejfc. The Pyramids are built to ferve"as Se- mlchers -for the Kings of Egypt. See Pyramid. And the Obelisks had generally the fame Intention. See Obelisk. Sepukhers were held Sacred and Inviolable ; and the Care taken thereof, deem'd a Religious Duty, grounded on the Fear of God.and the Beliefofthe Soul's Immortality. Thofe who learch'd or violated them, were odious to all Nations, and feverely punifhed. The Egyptians call'd their Sepul. chers. Eternal Houfes, in Contradiftinaion to their Houfes and Palaces, which they call'd Inns; by reafon of the Iriort Sojourn we have in the one, in Companion of the long Stay in the other. The Eapm Pilgrimages are all made with Defign to vifit the Holy Sepulcher, that is, the Tomb of Jefus Chrip No Body enters here but bare-footed, and with a World of Ceremonies. The Turks exafl 24 Crowns of each Pilgrim, whom Devotion carries to the Holy Sepulcher.

St. Sepulcher, or the Holy Sepulcher, an Order of Regular Canons, anciently inllirnted in Jerufalem, in Honour of the Holy Sepulcher. They afcribe their Insti- tution to Godfrey of Boulogne ; who, they fay, upon his taking Jerufalem in the Year 1099, placed Canons in the Patriarchal Church of rhe Holy Sepulcher, which, indeed, is true ; but then they were not Regulars. In effefl, 'twas Arnoul, who, of Archdeacon of the Church of jerufalem, \ got himfelf elefled Patriarch thereof; that in J114, firft obliged his Canons to live in Community, and to follow the Rule of St. Augupn. From rhe Holy Land, Numbers of thefe Canons were brought inro Europe, particularly into France by Louis the Tounger ; into England by Kin<* Henry; into 'Poland 'by Jaxa, a Polifi Gentleman ; into Flanders by the Counts thereof. But the Order was afterwards fupprefs'd by Innocent VIII. and its Effects C 1* ] added