Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/711

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follow next Day; for if the Flowers be clofe (hut up, it betokens Rain and foul Weather ; if they be fpread abroad, fair Weather. Ger. Herb. Lib. i.

SENSORY, or Senfirium Commtmr, the Seat of the Common Senfe ; or that fart where me lenfible Soul is fup- poled more immediately to refide. The Senfory is allow'd to be that Part or the Brain wherein the Nerves from all the Organs of Scnfe, terminate. This is generally allowed to be about the Beginning of the Medulla Oblongata .- Des Cartes will have it in the Conation, or Pineal Gland. See Con ak ion. Sir JJaac Newion delcribes the Smfory of Animals as the Place to which the lenfible Species of Things are carry'd through the Nerves and Brain ; that they may be there perceiv'd by their immediate Prefence to the Soul. The Organs of Senfe, the lame great Author cblerves, are not for enabling the Soul to perceive the Species of Things, in its Senjbry ; but only for conveying them thither. See Sense. The Univerlc, he makes the Senfory of the Godhead. See God.

SENTENCE, in Law, a Judgment pafs'd in Court, by the Judge, upon fome Procefs either Civil or Criminal. Sentences are either Definitive, Interlocutory, Contra- dictory, &c. of Abfolution, Excommunication, £f?c. Su- perior judges either confirm or annul thole of Inferior ones. See Appeal. — 'three conformable Sentences,Ttes Senten- tial Conformes : In the Romiftj Ecclefiaftical Law, 'tis allowed to Appeal Three Times ; lb that there mult be Three conformable Sentences e'er the Sentences of the Judges can take effect. The firft Degree of Jurifditftion is the Bifhop's Official: From him an Appeal lies to the Metropolitan; and from the Metropolitan to the Primate, or immediately to the Pope. If the Appeal come from the Metropolitan to the Pope, the Pope is obliged to delegate Judges in 'Partibus; and then if the Three Sentences pafs'd in thefe Three Stages be conformable, there is no further Appeal : but if one of them annul another, new Judges are to be required of the Pope for a Fourth Sentence ; and thus they fometimes proceed to a Sixth, or Seventh Sen- tence. Such a Number of Jurifdictions, is found infinitely prejudicial to the Public, and vexatious to private Perlbns.

Sentence, in Grammar, &c. a Period; or a Set of Words comprehending fbme perfect Senfe, or Senti- ment of the Mind. Every Sentence comprehends at leafl Three Words. The Bufinefs of Pointing, is to di- llinguifli the feveral Parts and, Members of Sen- tences ; fo as to render the Senfe' thereof the cleareft, apteft and fulleft poffible. See Punctuation.

In cvccySentence there are two Parts neceffarily required; a Noun for the Subject, and a definite Verb: Whatever is found more than thefe Two, affects one of them, either immediately, or by the Intervention of fome other, whereby the firft is affected. Again, every Sentence is either Simple or Conjunct. A Simple Sentence is that confut- ing of one fingle Subject, and one finite Verb : A Conjunct Sentence contains feveral Subjects and finite Verbs; either exprefly or implicitely. A Simple Sentence needs no Point or Diftinction ; only a Period to clofe it : as, Agood Man ■ loves Virtue for itfelf. In a Simple Sentence, the icveral Adjuncts affect either the Subject or the Verb in a different Manner. Thus the Word good, expreffes the Quality of the Subject, Virtue the Object of the Action, and, for itfelf, the End thereof. Now none of thefe Ad- juncts can be feparated from the reft of the Sentence: For jf one be, why fhould not all the reft ? And if all be, the Sentence will be minced into almoft as many Parts as there are Words. But if feveral Adjuncts be attributed in the fame manner either to the Subject or the Verb ; the Sen- tence becomes Conwnct, and is to be divided into Patts.

In every Conjunct Sentence, as many Subjects, or as many finite Verbs as there are, either exprefly, or implied, fo many Diftinctions may there be. Thus, My Hopes, Fears, joys, 'Pains, all center in you : And thus, Cicero, Ca/aliw'a abiit, except, evafit, erupit. The Rcafon of which Pointing is obvious ; for as many Subjects or finite Verbs as there are in a Sentence, fo many Members does it reallv contain. Whenever, therefore, there occur more Nouns than Verbs, or contrary-wife; they are to be con- ceived as equal. Since, as every Subject requires itsVetb; fo every Verb requires its Subject, wherewith it may agree : Excepting, perhaps, in fome figurative Dictions. '

Indeed, there are fome other Kinds of Sentences which may be rank'd amongft the Conjunct: Kind, particulatly the abfblute Ablative, as 'tis call'd : Thus, •physicians, the Tiifeafe once difcovered, think the Cure half wrought : Where the Words Difeafe once difcovered. are equivalent to, when the Caufe of the Difeafe is difcovered. So alfo in Nouns added by Appofition; as, 'The Scots, a hardy 'People, endured it all ; fo alfo in Vocative Cafes, and Interjections ; as, this, my Friend, you mu(l allow me ; And, What, for Heaven's Sake ! iwiild he be at ?

The Cafe is much the fame, when feveral Adjuncts affect- either the Subject of the Sentence, in.the Verb, in

the fame Manner; or at leatt fomething, whereby one of them is affected : as, A good, wife, learned Man, is an Ornament to the Commonwealth : Where the feveral Ad jectives denoting fo many Qualities of the Subject, are t0 " be feparated from one another. Again, when I fay, Your Voice, Countenance, Gefture terrified him : The feveral Nominative Cafes denote ib many Modes of the Verb which are likewife ro be diftinguifhed from each other* The Cafe is the fame in Adverbs ; as, He behav'd bimfel'f modeftly, prudently, virtwufly. In the firft Example, the Adjuncts immediately affect the Subject ; in the Third the Verb, in the following one, another Adjunct: as, Il a *& a Man loaden imtb Age, Sicknefs^ Wounds. Now, a s many fuch Adjuncts as there are, lo many feveral Members does the Sentence contain ; which are to be diftinguilhed from each other, as much as feveral Subjects, or finite Verbs. And that this is the Cafe in all Conjunct&a/«;«s appears hence ; that all thefe Adjuncts, whether they be Verbs or Nouns, £i?c will admit of a Conjunction Copu- lative, whereby they may be joyn'd together. But where-ever there is a Copulative, or Room for it, there a new Member of a Sentence begins. For the other Par- titions, JSfc. of Sentences; See Colon, Semicolon Period.

Sentence, is alio ufed in Poetry, $£c. for a fliotr, pithy Remark or Reflection, containing fome Sentiment of ufe in the Condua of Life. As, iDifcite Jufiitiam moniti, ££? 91011 temnere divos ; or, A teneris ajjitejeere multnm eft, &c. Sentences, Father Boffu oblerves, render Poems ufeful ; And, befides, add, I know not what Luftre and Spirit, which pleafes. But there is no Virtue which is not ac- companied with fome dangerous Vice. Too many Sen- tences give a Poem too Philofbphical an Air; and fink it into a kind of Gravity, that is lefs fit for the Majefty of a Poem, than the Study of a learned Man, and the Quaint- nefs of a Dogmatift. Such Thoughts not only contain, but infpire, a certain calm Wifdom, which is directly op- pofite to the Paffions : It cools them, both in the Hearers and in the Speaker. Laftly, the Affixation of fpeaking in Sentences, leads a Perfon to trifling and impertinent Ones; Inttances whereof we have, in Abundance, inSencca's Tragedies. <Petrmius recommends it to Authors, to dif- guife their Sentences, that they mayn't fland glaring above the Thread or Ground of the Dilcourfe. See Ellipsis

SENTIMENTS, in Poetry, and particularly Tragedy, are theThoughts which the Poet makes his Perfons exprefs; whether they relate to Matters of Opinion, Paffions, Bu- finefs or the like. The Manners form the Tragic Action, and the Sentiments explain it; difcovering its Caufes, Motives, &c. The Sentiments ate to the Manners, what thofe are to the Fable. See Manners. In the Senti- ments, Regard is to be had to Nature and Probability ; a Madman, for Inftance, muft fpeak as a Madman; a Lover as a Lover; a Hero as a Hero. The Sentiments, in great meafure, are to fuftain the Character. See Character, Diction, £ifc.

SENTINEL, or SENTRY, in War, a Soldier taken out of a Corps de Gard of Foot, and placed in fbme Polt to watch any Approach of the Enemy, to prevent Sur- prizes ; and to flop luch as would pals without Orders, or without difcovering who they are. Sentinel 'Perdue, is a Sentinel plac'd ar lome very advanced and dangerous Poll, whence 'tis odds he never returns. The Sentinel's Word is, Who is there'. g>ni va la ? Stand, Demeure la. The Word is Modern : 'Tis not long fince they faid, 'fo be on the Scout, in the fame Senfe as we now fay, To ftand Sentry, &c. Menage derives the Word a Sentiendo, from per- ceiving.

SEPARATION, in Navigation, the fame with what we more ufiially call 'Departure. See Departure.

Separation of Man and Wife. See Mui ier.

SEPARATISTS, a Religious Seft in England, deno- minated from their fetting up a fcparare Church, in Op- pofition to that Eftabiifhed by Law. At prefent, Separates, is rather the Name of a ColleSion of Sefls, than of any particular one ; bur nearer their Original, there was that Agreement among them, that one Name ferved them all. Their Divifion into 'Presbyterians, Anabaptifts, Inde- pendents, Sic. is a Modern Thing. Homius tells us, H'l?- Feci, they are fiich as under Ed-ward VI. Eliz-abeth and James I. refufed to conform to the Church of Bnglemh And who were firft call d Turitans, then Separates and Nonconformijis. The firft Leader of the Separati/ls, was 'Bolton ; who, upon quitting the Party he had form'd, was fucceeded by Robert Sroim, from whom the Separatip_ were call'd Srownifts, a Name they long retain'd : tho' Brown himfelf deferted the Sect, and, in Imitation of Bolton, abjured his Errors. He was fucceeded by Barrowt who was hang'd at the Inftigation of the Bifhops. Their Fourth Chief was Johnfm, who fet up a Church at Aiiifter- dam; which afterwards divided into feveral Sects, at the Head of one whereof was Johifon'% Brother, who Ek-

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