Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/704

 S EI

ADE BC. Segment of a Sphere, h A. part of a Sphere terminated by a Portion of its Surface, and a Plane which cuts it off ; paffing ibmewhere our of the Centre: This is more properly called a Section of a Sphere. See Section. The Bate of fuch a Segment, 'tis evident, is always a Circle whofe Centre is in the Centre of the Sphere. See

Sl'HERE.

The folid Content is found, by multiplying the Sur- face of the whole Sphere by the Altitude of the Segment and then dividing the Product by the Diameter of the Sphere, and to the Quotient adding the Area of the Bafe of the Segment ; or, if it be lei's than a Hemiiphere, thus ; Take the Altitude of the Segment from the Radius of the Sphere, and by the Difference multiply the Area of the Bafe of the Segment; and fubrradt this Product, from that which will arife by multiplying the Semi-Axis of the Sphere into the convex Surface of the Segment-, then divide the Remainder by 3, and the Quotient is the So- lidity fought. This latter Method fuppoies the Axis of the Sphere to be given ; if not, it may be found thus : let the Altitude of the Segment be called a, and its Semi- diameter s, then will a. s : : s. _!L ; add ~ to a, and that fhall give the Axis fought. a a

Lineof Segments. QnGimtefs Sector there are ufually Two Lines, called Lines of Segments^ they are numbered with y, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and lie between the Lines of Sme$ 7 andthofe of Superficies. They reprefentthe Diameter of a Circle, ib divided into 100 Parts, as chat a Right Line drawn through thoie Parts, and normal to the Diameter, ihall cut the Circle into Two Segments, of which the greater fhall have that Proportion to the whole Circle, as the Parts cut are to 100. dee Sector.

SEGMENT-LEAVES; thus Botanifts call thofe Leaves, that are cut and divided into many Shreds or Slices, as Fennel, &c.

SEGMOIDAL VALVES, in Anatomy, are little Valves of the Pulmonary Artery 5 thus call'd from their refembling Segments of Circles $ but more uliially Semi- lunar Valves. See Semilunar,

SEGREIANT, is the Herald's Word for Griffins, when drawn in a leaping, or falient Pofture.

SEJANT, is a Term ufed in Heraldry, when a Lyon, or other Bealf, is drawn in an Elcutcheon, fitting like a Cat, with his Fore-feet ftreighr.

SE1GNOURAGE, a Right or Due belonging to a Seigneur-, or Lord. The Term is particularly ufed for a Duty belonging to the Prince for the Coining of Money, called alio Coinage j in the bafer Latin, Monetagium. This Duty is not always the lame 5 but changes according to the Pleafute of the Prince, and the Occafions of State. Alloy was invented 5 that is, the Mixture of other Metals with Gold and Silver.
 * Tis in fome meafure for the Difcharge of this Duty that

Under our ancient Kings, for every Pound of Gold brought in the Mafs to be Coined, the King's Duty was Five Shillings 5 one Shilling, and ibmetimes Eighteen Pence whereof went to the Matter of the Mint. Under JS&iw^theThird, the Seignoiirage of every Pound Weight of Silver, was Eighteen-penny Weight, which was then equivalent to a Shilling. Under Henry V. the King's Seignoiirage for every Pound of Silver was Fitteen-pence. At prefent, the King claims no Seignoiirage at all, but the Subject has his Money coined at the public Expence : Nor has the King any Advantage therefrom, but what he has by the Alloy. In France, under 'Philip Jugufus^ the Seignoiirage was one Third of the Profit made by the Coining. St. Louis fix'd it at one Fifteenth Part of the Value of the Money Coined. King John at Three Livres the Mark of Gold. Charles Vil. by reafbn of the di- ilrefs'd State of the Finances, rais'd it to Three Fourths of the Value. Louis XIII. fix'd it at Six Livres the Mark orEight Ounces of Gold, and Ten Sols, the Mark of Silver. LoitistheX.lv. took away the Right o£ Seiguour age in 1679, tho' 'twas re-effablifhed in 1689 on the Foot of Seven Livres, Ten Sols the Mark of Gold, and Twelve Sols, Six Deniers the Mark of Silver.

It muff be obferved, that for the levying of this Duty of Seignoiirage, the jufl: Value of the Money is augmented by the Value of the Duty.

SEISIN, in Law, from the French S.eifine, fignifies Poffelfion ; {oprimier Seifin is the firft Poffeffion. Seifin, according to the common Law, is Twofold 5 Seifin in FaH t and Seifin in Law. Seifin in TaB, is, when a Corpo- ral PofTcffion is taken. Seifin in Law t is, when fbmething is done, which the Law accounteth a Seifin 5 as an In- 'ollment: and this in Law, is as much as a Right to Lauds and Tenements, tho* the Owner be by Wrong Dif- ieifed of them; and he, who hath had an Hour's PolTeffi- on quietly taken, hath Seifin de Droit, & de Claime, where- °f» no Man may dijfeife him by his own Force or Subtlety, and it is called by Coke, Seifin in La-zv> or aftual Seifin:

C+P]

SEX

The Civilians i call the one Civilem VotfeffioSem, the otter Naturalem. See Possession.

SEIZE or SEASE in the Sea Language, is to make raft or bind; particularly to farten Two l?opes together, with Rope-Yarn The Seizing of a Boat ,s a Rope tied to 1 Ring, or little Cham ,n the Fore-mip of the Boat, by which means it is fattened to the Side of the Ship

SEIZING, (in Falconry) is when an Hawk gripes her Prey, or any thing, faft within her Claws.

SEIZURE, in Commerce, an Arreft made of fome Merchandize, Moveable, or other Matter, either in confe- rence of lome Law, or of fome exprefs Order of the King. Contraband Goods, thofe fraudulently Entered, or lauded without Entering at all, or landed at wrong llaces, are (ubjefl to Seizure. See Contraband. In Seizures, among us, one half goes to the Seizor or Informer and the other Half to the King. In France, Half the painted Lumens, ®s, Sen >. ufed to be burnt, and the other Half fen t Abroad : But in i 7I j, by an Arret of Council, it was appointed the Whole mould be burnt.

SELEMTES, in Natural Hiftory, Moon-Stoue, faid to be a Stone (fill found in China, which has this remark- able Property, That it increafes and decreafes as the Moon waxes and wains. There are fome of theft Selemtes preferved in the Palace of Peking, valued at an incredible Rate. Martmius. The Word is form' d from the Greek Sewn Moon. Some give the fame Appellation to Mufccvy- j ait, from an Opinion, that its Brightnefs increafes and dinunifhes with the Moon.

SELENOGRAPHY, a Branch of Cofmography, which defenbes the Moon and all the Parts and Appearances thereof! as Geography does thofe of theEarth : from 2»w» Moon, and j/pipi, Defcription. Since the Invention of the Tele/cope, Selenography is vaftly improved. We have now diftinft Names for moft of the Regions Seas, Lakes, Mountains, S£?c. vifible in the Moon's Body. Hsvelim, a celebrated Altronomer and Bourgue-maifter of Dcmtzkk, who publi/hed the firft Selenography, named the feveral llaces of the Moon from thofe of the Earth : Ricciolus. from the Names of the celebrated Aftronomers and Phi- lofophers. Thus what the one calls Mom 'PorpH'rites, the other calls Ariftarchus. What the one calls Etna, Sinai, Athos, Apenmus, e?c. the other calls Cofernicus, Poffido- nms, Tycho, Gaffendus, Sfc. See Moon. At the Royal Oblervatory at 'Pens, they continue to make Selemgi apbic Maps. M. CaJJini has publifli'd a Work call'd IMruBioui Selemques.

SELEUCIANS, a Sefl of ancient Hereticks, call'd alfo Henmans. Seleucus and Hermias joyning Forces, and dogmatizing together, taught, That God was Corporeal; that the Elementary Matter was Coeternal with him ; and that the Human Soul was form'd by the Angels, of Fire and Air : They denied that Jefits Chri/t fate at the Right Hand of God; afTerting,Thathe had quitted that Right, and had removed his Throne into the Sun. See Philas-

TRIUS, S. AuGUSTIN, &C.

SELEUCIDES, in Chronology. The JEra of the Seleu- cides, or the Syro-Matedonian JEra, is a Computation of Time, commencing from the Eftablifliment of the Se- leucides, a Race of Greek Kings, who Reign'd as SucceSbra of Alexander the Great in Syria; as the 'Ptolomy's did in Egypt. This JEra we find exprefs'd in the Book of Mac- cabees, and on a great Number of Greek Medals ftruck by the Cities of Syria, gfc. The Rabbins and Jens call it, The JEra of ContraSs, becaufe being then fubjefl to the Kings of Syria, they were obliged to follow their Method of computing in all ContraSs. The Arabs call it Therick Dllkamatn, -fEra of two Horns, which fome fay fignifies the jEra of Alexander the Great ; by reafbn that Prince bore Two Rams Horns on Medals, in Imitation of Jupiter Amman, whofe Son he would needs be. But others un- derftand it much better of the Two Kingdoms of Syria and Egypt, which were now cloven or divided ; and of one fingle Empire parted into two Monarchies. The grand Point, is to know the Year wherein the Separation was made ; or, which is the fame Thing, when Seleucus, one of Alexander's Captains, and the firft of the Seleucides, eftablifh'd his Throne in Syria. Without detailing the various Sentiments of various Authors, it may fuffice to obferve That, according to the beft Accounts, the firft Year of this jEra falls in the Year 3 1 1 before Chrift, which was nYears after Alexander's Death. SeeErocHA.

SELLA, in Anatomy, Sella Erjtiina, Sella Turcica, and Sella Sphencides; A Name giveh the Four Apophyfes of the Os Sphtimides, and Os Cuneiforme in the Brain, in re- gard of their forming a Refemblance of a Saddle, which the Latins call Sella. See Brain. They are fbmetimes alfo called by the Greek Name Clinoides. ' Herein are con- tained the pituitary Glands, and in fome Beads, the Rete Miralile, SeeSpn^NoiDEs.

[N],

SELL,