Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/701

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to their Iriftitution : for having been warned, in a Dream, to dig in the Ground in a Place near the Cam-pat Mar- tins, called 'fareutwn, he there found an Alrar infcribed to this, or Pluto, and <Proferpilte ; Upon which, as had been foretold him in his Dream, three of his Children 'born Blind, recovered their Sight, and he, in Gratitude, performed Sacrifices, on the fame Alrar, for three Days and three Nights fucceffively. Some lay the Place it felf was called "larentiim, becaufe the Water of the c l'yber terrain terreret, eat into the Ground in this Place. • SECULAR YEAR. See Jubilee.

SECULARIZATION, the Aftion of Secularizing, or or converting a regular Perfon, Place, or Benefice, into a Secular one: Almoft all the Cathedral Churches were antiently Regular, i. e. the Canons were to be Reli- gious, but they have been rauft of them Secularized: For the Secularization of a regular Church there is required the Authority ot the Pope, that of the Prince, the Bifhop of the Place, the Patron, and even the Confent of the ■People. In France all this inuft be confirmed by Parlia- ment. Religious, that want to be releafed from their Vows, obtain Briefs of Secularization from the Pope. - SECUNDA AQUA, among Chymifts, gfc. is Aqua- Fortis, which has been already ufed to diflblve lome Metal, &c. See Aqjta Fortis.

SECUNDA RY, an Officer who acls as Seconder next to the chief Officer : Such are the Secondaries of the Fine Office i the Stcundaries of the Compters, who are next the Sheriffs of Londcu in each of the two Compters: Secun- dary of the Office of the Privy Seal ; two Secondaries of the Pipe - ? Secondary to the Remembrancers, which are •two Officers in the Exchequer, &c.

SECUNDI GENERIS, in Anatomy, a Diftin&ion among the La&eal Veflels, There are two Kinds of Lacteals, viz, Primary, or thole of the ftrft Kind, Primi Generis ; and Secundi Generis, Secondary, or of the fecund -Kind. The Firfl carry the Chyle from the intettines into Glands, diiperled in great Numbers throughout the Mefentery. The Second carry it from thefe Glands, alter its being diluted there with Lympha, into the common Receptacle, See Lacteals.

SECUNDINE, in Medicine, the feveral Coats or Membranes wherein the FtftUS is wrap'd up, in the Mo- ther's Womb, as the Chorion, Amnios, the Placenta, ££?c. thus call'd, becauie they come out in the fecond Place, i. e. after the Child, iri Delivery .The Matrons or Midwives call ■ the Secnndine, The Afrer-birth t as being efteem'd a fecond Burthen, whereof the Mother is freed. Others call it, The ■delivery, becaufe when this is our, the Woman is reckoned ■to be perfectly delivcr'd. See Foetus. The Secuudme muft: never be left in the Matrix 5 'tis a foreign Body, which wou'd deftroy the Mother : 'Tis dangerous even to have a Piece of it left behind. Hippocrates obferves, That Twins have always the fame Secundine.

Dr. Grew, in his Anatomy of Plants, applies the Term Sccundine to the Fourth and laft Coat or Cover of Seeds ; by rcafon this performs nearly the fame Office in Plants, that the Membranes inverting the Fattis do in Animals. Indeed Pliny, Columella, Apuleus, ££c. have ufed Se- cnndine in the fame Senfe.

SECURITATE PACIS, a Writ, which lies for one who is threaten'd with Death, or Danger j againit the Perfon who fo threatens him. It is taken out of Chancery, di- rected to the Sheriff. See Peace.

SECUTOR, in Antiquity, a Kind of Gladiator among the Romans. The Secutores are thofe who fought againit the Retiarii. They were armed with a Sword, and a Buckler, to keep off the Net, or Noofe, of their Anta- gonist, and wore a Cask on the Head. Some confound the Secutores with the Mirmillones, becaufe both had ■nearly the fame Weapons. The Word is formed from the Verb Sequi, to follow ■-, becaufe the Secutores ule to

purfue the Retiarii. See Retiarii -Secutor was alfo

a Name given to fuch Gladiators, as took the Place of thofe killed in the Combat ; or, who fought the Con- queror. This Poft was taken by Lot In Ancient

Infcriptions we alfo meet with Secotor 'Tribuni, Secutor iDttcis, Secotor Claris, &c. who were Officers attending the Tribunes, and Generals ; perhaps like our Aids

.de Camp.

SE-DEFENDENDO ; a Plea for him who is charged with the Death of another, faying, He was forced to do what he did, in his own Defence, the other fo affault- ing him, that had he not done as he did, he muft have been in Danger of his own Life. To have this Plea admitted, the Danger muft appear inevitable. But though the Party juftify its being done Se-'Defefidendo, yet he is driven to procure his Pardon of Courfe from the Lord Chancellor, and forfeits his Goods to the King.

SEDER OLAM, in Philology, a Hebrew Term, li- terally fignifying, Order of the World; being the Title of two Books of Chronology in that Language.

They are both very fliorr, though the one more fo than the other 5 for which Realon the one is called Seder Olam Raboa, that is, the great Seder Olam • and the other, Sedar Olam Zuta, i.e. Utile Seder Olam. The firfl commences at the Creation of the World, and comes down as low as the War of the Pfeudo Mefliah "Bar Cod: bah, under Adrian, 52 Years after the Deltrucfi on of the Temple of Jtrujakm, and, of Coniequenxe, to the md Year of Chrift : 'Tis almoft all taken from the Scripture, excepting rhe End. 'Tis the Work ot'R.fyh Son of Hhelpeta of Ifippcra, who lived in the ftcoria Century, about the Year 130, and was Mafter of the famous R. Juda Hakkadfoch, the Compiler of the Mifchna. The Seder Olam Zitta is an Abridgment of the former, brought down as far as Mar Sutra, who lived 450 Years after the Deftruftion of the Temple, or $jj Years after Chrift. F. Alirin, continually bent upon <ii- miniffiing the Antiquity of the Principal Books of the yews, endeavours to prove it to have been wroce about the Year of Chrift 1124, as indeed it is expreiftd at the Beginning 3 but R. 'Jjav. Gantz, has overthrown this Opinion in his 'Fcfrnah 'David, and fhewn, that the Dare in the Beginning, is an Interpolation. The two Chrono- logies were hrft Printed at Mantua in 15 14, Quarto • again, at Sujil, by Froben, in 15^0, Octavo: At Fernet in 1545 Quarto: hi Paris, with a Fatin Verfion of Ge- nebrard, in Twelves. , They have been ffnee Printed at Ampler dam, in 17 11.

SEDIMENT, the Settlement, or Dregs, of any Thing; or that grofs, heavy Part of a fluid Body, which, upon refting, finks to the Bottom of the Veffei. Some Phyficians pretend to dilcover much of the Nature of the Dileafe, from the Sediment of the Urine. The Word;« formed from the Latin Sedimentum, which Mathdus Syl~ various derives v dhtturna Sede. Dr. Wocdward maintains, That at the Deluge, the whole Terreftrial Globe was diflblved into one uniform Mafs, and that the New World arifing thence was perfectly Spherical, and with- out any Inequalities, confifting or feveral Smua, which the Earthy Sediment gradually produced, as it drained. See Deluge.

SEDRA, the High-Prieft of the SecT: of All, among the Perfians. The Sedra is appointed by the Emperor of Perjia, who ufually confers the Dignity on his neareil Relation. The JuriidicTcion of the Sedra extends over aH Effects deftined tor pious Purpofes, over all Molques, Ho- fpitals, Colleges, Sepulchres, and Monafteries. He S- fpofes of all Ecclefiaftical Employments, and nominates all the Superiors of religious Houfes. His Decifions, in Matters of Religion, are all received as fo many infalli- ble Oracles: He judges of all Criminal Matters, in his own Houfe, without Appeal, and is, without Contradicti- on, the fecond Perfon in the Empire. He has not, how- ever, any indelible Character, but frequently quits bis Poft for another purely Secular one : His Authority is balanced by that of the Moudtehitehid, or firfl Divine of the Empire.

SEED, a Matter prepared by Nature, for the Re-pro- duction and Confervation of the Species, both in Men, Animals, and Plants : Some Naturalifts add, That even Stones, Minerals, and Metals themielves have each their proper Seed in their Mines, and are produced and per- petuated thereby. See Mineral, Stone, &c.

Seed, Semen', in the Animal OEconomy, is a white, Liquid Matter, or Humour, the thickeft of any in the Body, feparated from the Blood in the Teltk'es, and re- ferved in proper Veflels, to be the Means of Generation. By Chymical Analyfis it is found to confift almnff in- tirely of Oil, and Volatile Salts, blended together by the Mediation of a little Phlegm. Its Activity Dr. PJr^ke takes to be derived from the Silts, wherewith it abounds, far more than any other Animal Liquor. See HuMoua.

The Parts concerned in the Preparation of the Seed a« the Spermatic Arteries, which bring the Blood to be fe- crcted into the Pepcks ; The Fefticles, and 'Para^Mif'i where the Secretion it felf is chiefly eftc&ed ; The V& A 1)eferentia, which convey the fecreted Matter out-ot rhe Tefticles ; and the Vefici'lt? Seminales, which receive and prelerve it to be emitted in Coition. See each ofthele Parts delcribed under its proper Article Testicle, l$C.

The Blood received, in l'mall Quantities, into the Sj>M'' matic Arteries, and there, by the particular Structures '» the Parts, much dimini/hed of its Velocity, is yet farther retarded about rhe Corpus c Pyramidale, or {faricofuM, an< * its redder, and thicker Parts, carried off* by Canah open- ing into the Veins. Thus rendered paler, and flower, u lS received into the winding RecefTes of the T'efticlei, where, almoft ftagnating, it affuines an Afh Colour, and is fur- ther prepared, thickened, &c. in the CDufius HighmerhmU whence, flowly driven into the Epididy?nid it is further prepared and elaborated in the Folds ana Complications thereof, and, at length, creeps flowly i" w