Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/694

 SEA

times an Imprrffion ori a Piece of Lead, which hung to the Grant wirh a Silken String, and was deemed an abun- dant Authorizing of the Grant itielf, without either Signing orWitneffes. The Colour or the Wax wherewith theKing s Grants were iealed, was uiually Green, to fignify that the Aft continued for ever frefh, and of Force. The ufual Imprcfiion on all La) mens Seals, till the Year 12 18, was a Man on Horfe back, with a Sword in his Hand 5 afterwards, they began to Engrave their Coats of Arms c n their Seals 1 Only rhe Archbi/hops, and Bifhops, by a I)ecree of Cardinal Or/0, who was Legate here in 1237 were to bear in their Seals, their Title, Office, Dignity, and even their proper Names. 2>« Cbefne obierves, rhat none below the Dignity of a Knight had any Right to a pendant Seal, called Authentic,

The Emperors long iealed all their A£ts of Importance with a Golden Seal} and the Golden Bull ofCimries IV, for the Elcition of an Emperor, takes its Name from the Gold Seal hanging to it, which is called Still. See Bull. The Pope has two Kinds of Seals : The firft ufed in Apo- ftolical Briefs, and private Letters, &c. called, the Fifber- man's Ri?<g. This is a very large Ring, wherein is re- prelented St. 'Peter, drawing his Nets full of Fifhes. The other is uled in Bulls, repreienting St. 'Peter's Head on the Right, that ot St. 'Paul on rhe Left, with a Crofs between the two; On the Reverfe is ibmetimes rhe Pope's Name, and Arms : The Impreffions of the firft Seal are taken in red Wax, thole of the fecond, in Lead.

1'fceod. Bojskwgk, 3l German Lawyer, has furnifhed the World with a very learned and curious Work on the Subject or Seals: It confiits of Sixteen Chapters* the jft. whereof treats of the Name Seal, Sigillum. 2 d. Of the Antiquity of the Sealh,g-Rwgs> mentioned in Genefis, their Inventors, the Realons of bearing them, their Kinds, and Differences, Forms, Ornaments, Hierogly- phicks, Ends, Lies, Eficfls, and Abules. 3°. Of #«//*, in the fame Method, and under the fame Circumiiances. 4 . Of different Kinds of Seals, which he divides into "toublic and private, proper and foreign, formed and in- formed, ordinary and extraordinary, known and unknown, true and falfe ; and, laftly, ratificarive, and confirmative, of Authority, Solemnity, Teflimony, and Content. 5 . Of fuch as have a Right to bear Seals, 6°. Of the Keeping of Seals. 7 . Of Things Seals are put to. 8°. Of the Images, Figures, Arms, ^c. the Characters, Infcriptionsj and of the Places where the Seals are to be fet, and the Order to be obferved therein. 9 . Of the Number and Multitude of Seals, and the Advantage they bring. 10. Of their Uie, End, Effects, Force, ^c. n°. Of the Proof of the Seals in general and particular, publick and private. 12°. Of the Verifying ot Seals. 13 . Of the Manner of Cenfuring and Attaching Seals, 14". Of Sub- scriptions that have any 1 Regard to Seals. 15 . Of other Particulars that have any Regard thereto ; as the Signa- ture of Emperors, Kings, Chancellors, Secretaries, and Notaries, all in the lame Order and Method. The Book was Printed in 1642- at Nurerahergh, in 4ft), under the Title of 1)e SigiUorum c Pr'mo {$ Novo Jure, Traffams "Pratlicus, &c. We have another Work of the like Kind, by Heinctifus, in Folio, Printed at Francfort, and Leipfic y in 1709, under the Title, c X)e Veteribus Gefmanorum aliorumqj Nationum Sigillis, eorumq- 7 tfu {£ prajiantla- Syntagma Hiftorictim.

Engraving of Seals. See Engraving.

C WA

SEB

L. Keeper of the Great-Seal, L. Keeper of the Trivy-Seal, Hermetical-Seal, --

See.

Chancellor. Privy. Seal. Hermetical.

Seal is alfo ufed for the Wax or Lead, and the Im- preffion affixed to the Thing fealed. The Manufacturers Seal frequently apply'd to their Stuffs, &c. is of Lead. That of Knights enjoyn'd to be of hard Wax ; that of Commiffioners, of fott Wax. Some Seals are fixed on by way of Placard, others hung by Silken Strings. The French feal their Edicfs in Green Wax, Arrets in Yellow Wax; Expeditions for Daupbine in Red Wax. The Letters of the French Academy are fealed in Blue Wax. See Wax.

SEALER, an Officer in Chancery, appointed by the Lord Chanceller, or Keeper of the Great-Seal, to leal the Writs and Inftruments there made.

SEALING, in Architecture, the fixing a Piece of Wood or Iron in a Wall, with Plaifter, Mortar, Cement, Lead, or other (olid Bindings. For Staples, Hinges and Joints, Plaifter is very proper.

SEAM of Com ; is a Meafure of Eight Bufliels : Of G'als, the Quantity of no Pounds, or 24 Stone, each
 * '« pound Weight : Of Wood, an Horfc-load.

SEARCE. See Sieve.

SEARCHER. SeeAcNEGA*.

SEAR-CLOTH, or Cere-cloth, in Chirurgery, an ex- ternal Remedy femewhat harder then an Unguent, yet fofter than an Emplafler; though 'tis frequently uled, both for the one and the other. The Sear-cloth is fup- poled to have Wax in its Compofition, which diftin- guifhes and even denominates it. In effefl, when a Lina- ment or Unguent has Wax in it, it does not differ from a Sear-cloth. Sear-cloths are a kind of Subftitutes to Friai- on, for the railing a Salivation. They are ufually com- pounded of refolutive Drugs, as Saffron, Myrrh and Aloes, incorporated with Wax and Gums, as Galbanum, Gum Ammoniac, and Sagapenum. The whole temper'd with Wine. The Word Sear-cloth is fiippofed to be si Corruption of Cere-cloth, and to be derived originally from the Greek mfc, Wax.

SEASONING of Timber. See Timber.

Seasonings, in the Weft Indies, a kind of aguifh Diftcmper, which Foreigners are much fubject to ar*hejr firft coming.

SEASONS, in Cofinography, certain Portions or Quar- ters of the Year, dilhnguifh'd by the Signs the Sun enters, or by the meridian Altitudes of the Sun ; confequent on which, are different Temperatures of the Air, different Works in Tilling the Ground, igc. The Year is divided into Four Seafons, Spring, Simmer, Autumn, and Winter. The Beginnings and Endings of each whereof, fee under its proper Article. 'Tis to be oblerved, • the Seafons anciently began differently from what they now do; Witnefe the old Verfes,

Dat Clemens Hyemem ; dot Tetrus Ver Cathedratus 5 Mftuat Urbanus ; Aittumnat Bartholomms.

The Word is form'd on the Trench, Saifon, which Menage derives from the Latin, Statio, whence the Italians have torm'd Stagiane. Nicod derives it from Satk, Temjius Sationis, Sowing Time.

SEAT, in Medicine. See Anus or Fundament.

SEBARAI, or Sebaraen, a Name the 9ews gave to fuch of their Rabbins or Doctors, as lived and taught feme time after the finifhing of the Thalmud. The Wotd is derived from nao, Sabar, I think, whence NMD, Scbara, Opinion, Sentiment; and thence ismD, Sebari, or Seba- raen, Opinionative. The Reafon of this Appellation, lay the Rabbins, is, That the Thalmud being finifh'd/pub- lifh'd and receiv'd in all the Schools and Synagogues, thefe Doclors had nothing to do, but diipute ior and againft the Thalmud and its Decifions. Others fay, 'twas becaufe their Sentiments were not received as Laws, or Decifions ; as thole of the Mifcbnic and Gemaric Doclors were ; but were held as mere Opinions. Others, as the Author of Schalfcbeleth Hakkabala, Chain of Tradition,' tell us, That the Perfecution, the Jews underwent in thole Times, not allowing them to teach quietly in their Academies, they only propofed their Opinion on the Compofition of the Mifchna. The firft and Chief of the Sebarai, was R. Jojl, who began to teach in the Year 787 of the jEra of Contracts ; which, according to' R. 'David Gaatz, falls on the Year of the World 4236 ;' and who, according to R. Abraham, 'wis 38 Years Prelident of the fe'xifi Academy. This jEra of Con- tracts is the fame with that of the Seleucides, the 787th: Year whereof, falls on the Year of Cbrifi 476, which of confequence, is the jEra of the Origin of the Sebardi 5 whofe Reign did not hold long : Slixtorf fays, not above 60 Years ; but R. Abraham and others, not 50. . The laft of them was R. Simona. They were fucceeded by the Gaons or Geonim.

SEBESTUM, or Sebeftens, in Pharmacy, £j?c. a Fruit refembling a little Plumb ; which when ripe, is of a deep red Colour, bordering on Black ; very l'weet, and the Flefh, or Pulp, glutinous, or fticky. The Syrians make a kind of Glue or Birdlime, of the Sebefium, called Glue of Alexandria. The Fruit is efteem'd Pecforal ; but is little ufed in Medicine. The Stone within it is Trian- gular. It brought its Name from Arabia, whence Winy obferves it came in his Time into Italy.

SEBU.&I, a Sect among the ancient Samaritans. St. Epiphanius accufes them of changing the Time ex- prels'd in the I aw, for the Celebration of the great an- nual Feafts of the Jews. Serrar'ms conjectures, That they were thus call'd, from their celebrating the Feall of the Paffover on the Seventh Month, called by the Heirews, Seba, Seventh. Tloufms rather takes them to have been denominated from Sebaia, the Leader of a Secf among the Samaritans ; as the Followers of TSofitheus, were deno- minated Doflthiei; which two Sefls, ibme Jewijh DcStors fuppofe, to have fubfifted at the fame Time. Scaliger derives the Name from the ft'OT, Sebua, Week ; as, who fhould fay, Htbdomaiites, becaule of their celebrat- ing every Second Day of the Seven Weeks, between Eafler

and