Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/689

 SCO

[34]

SCO

SCORBUTUS, Scurvy^ in Medicine, a Difeafe very frequent in the Northern Countries, particularly in fenny^ wet, humid Places, open to the North, £$c. 'Tis ac- companied with a. great Variety of Symptoms attacking the feveral Parts of the Body all at once. Hence Willis lays, 'tis not any particular Difeafe, but a Legion of Dif- eafes. The moft uliial are Bleeding, Coughing, Vomiting, Difficulty of Breathing, Loofeneis, a Relaxation of the Parts, Swetting, a fcetid Smell of the Gums, a falling of the Teeth, ftinking Breath, reddifh or yellow livid Spots, Fains of the Arms and Legs, Wearinefs, Paintings, Head-ach, £#:. Some diftinguifh it into Hot and Cold; but there is little Foundation for fuch a Distinction, as the Caufe is the lame in all, viz. according to 'Barbette and2tec&?r, a too thick Pituitous Lymph \ whence various Symptoms in various Temperaments. Charkton obferves, That it arifes chiefly from fliarp, faline Particles, taken in by Infpiration, from Salt and corrupted Meats eaten, from bad Waters drank, from Naftinefs, deep Chagrins, £S?c. He adds, That 'tis contagious. Dr. guincy will have it to confift in fuch a Constitution, wherein the Blood is unequally Fluid. And hence he obferves, 'tis beil remedied by Stimuli, Exerdfe, and fuch means as promote Sanguification : 'Tis now become £6 frequent, that there is lcarce any Difeafe appears, but 'tis judged to partake of the Scorbutus. The Cure is very difficult ; and when the Difeafe is rooted, next to impoflible, It fometimes goes off in a Flux by Stool, fometimes by the Haemorrhoids, and fometimes by Urine 5 but more often degenerates into a Dropfy, Atrophy, Apoplexy, Epilepfy or Convulsions. A very exact Diet is held of more Effect than the befl Medicines ; without this, it becomes incu- rable. Bleeding does not avail; Strong Purgatives are hurtful : So is Sugar, and all fugar'd Things, Mercurius %)ukis ufed internally, So as not to Salivate, but only tzifc a Sweating, is found excellent. 2)ol<etts undertakes to cure any Scorbutus in Twelve Days time, by the Ufe of this alone ; only the Patient to drink nothing all that Time, but a proper Decoction, and to abstain from Acids, and Hog's Flefh. Charhton recommends a continued Ufe of Milk, particularly Milk Emulfions of Sweet Almonds, Decoctions of China, Broths and other Anti-acids and Analepticfcs. Etmidler makes the Bafis of the Cure of the Scorbutus and Hypochondriacal Difeafes the fame, £t£& copious Vomiting. Strong Catharticks, he obferves, arc prejudicial j but gentle ones good ; for the Body is to be ftiJl kept open. He adds, That Vinegar is hurtful, atid yet the Acid Juices of Fruits and Vegetables, whole- fbme. Accordingly the Ufe of Lemon Juice is much recommended by Lifter. Milk, and all milky Things, while the Stomach is yet able to digeft, are excellent. So are Martials. Etmuller, inftead of Mercurials, re- commends Antimonials. Thus much in the general; for the particular Symptoms, particular Medicines adapted thereto, are to be ufed; only mixing Antifcorbuticks with them all.

The chief fimple Antifcorbuticks are, Horfe-radifh, fbwre Sorrel, Butter-bur, Scorzonera, Saw-thiStle, Zedo. ary, Polypody, Elecampane, Guiacum, Saffafras. MuStard- Seed, Nafturtium Aquaticum, Tri folium Paludofum, Oranges, Lemons, juniper- Berries, Cream of Tartar, Tartartum Vitrtolum, t£c.

SCORE, in Mufick, "Partition^ or the Original Draught of the whole Composition, wherein the feveral JParts, gwsi, Treble, Second Treble, Bafe, £$c. are di- stinctly fared and marked. See Partition.

SCORPIO, in Aftronomy, the Eighth Sign of the Zodiac. See Sign.

The Stars in Scorpio, in c Ptolomy > $ Catalogue are 20; in shat of Tycfo 10 ; in that of Mr. Flamftead 49 : The Longitude, Latitudes, Magnitudes, %$c. whereof, are as follow ;

Stars in the Constellation Scorpio.

Hamtt and Situations the Stars.

'/

In the firft South Font Subfeq. in the firft Foot Contiguous to this That preced. S. of Forehead In third South Foot- South of -3, in the Forehead Middle of the Forehead North of the Forehead North ?of the contig. ones South J underN. St. Forehead

Preced. in the Jaft S. Foot Contig. thereto Northward Mofi w. following Forehead

^.Longitude

3

i if

m 26

43 JO

27

18 08

27 30 49

27

5T 46

18

48 J2

23

37 2j

28

if ro

28

r~{6

29

21 4j

29 32 09

28

ci 13

t 2

00 3f

I

ff «

20 ir

m 23

'9 »

Latitude.

/ 11

S 26 33A

4 T4 i?A

4 46 19A

I 43 48A

8 33 2fA

5" 2S 46A

i r6 31A

1 03 09 B

16 of B

of f6B

8 04 40 B

7 07 03A

6 38 22A

1 40 foB

12 29 24 B

6*

S

7 6

4 3

3

3 * 2

S S

6 6

4 6

Garnet md Situations of ST.Longltude the Stars. %

Subfeq. inlaft South Foot £ That over oth. preced. Heart That preced. Heart Northwd.

20 In preced. Heel of Ophiuchus Under the Soleof Opnl. Foot In Ophiuchus's Leg Scorpion s Heart That over the Heart

2f

IntheCalfofOphiu.Fore-leg?

In the fore Ancle of Ophiu. That follow, the Heai t to S.

Fore-knee of Ophiuchus Inform between Ophiu. Legs

In the 1 ft Ring of the Tall _ More N. and posterior to this Pofterior Knee of Ophiuchus

In Toe of Ophiu. hind Foot

Inback of Ophiu. fec'ond Foot In Tibia of Ophiu. hind Leg 40

Bright Star of Ophiu, Foot

Preced. in Ophiuchus's Heel

4f. , „.

Preced. of 2 in the Sting

Subfequent

Subfeq. In Ophiuchus's Heel

That toll. Ophiu. Foot, N. ?

^onglti

dc

'

»

29 23

II

19 09 23

3 22

10

3 07

V

3 *9 34

3 H 42

4 07

17

3 4° *7

S 16

04

s *s

12

4 ii

17

S '9

55

7 07

st

4 54

23

6 S9

26

9 12

H

11 03

J?

12 22

01

'3 39

28

If 23

32

if 43

23

if SS

If

16 12

44

16 06

17

16 34 J-2

17 CO

23

17 Of

02

'7 34 f3

'7 43

n

iS 01

&

19 41

1$

20 if

12

19 09

46

20 46 23

Latitude.

9 if 16B 12 46 32 B

7 02.2fA

2 37 10A

3 J9 04A

1 36 03 B 1 42 4f A

3 16 29 B

4 31 26A

3 II 30A

f 14 41 B

28 40 B

6 04 23A II 2f 40 B

4 23 18 B

3 of 10A 11 39 47A

10 29 y6A

7 14 12B 3 S 6 17A

3 24 i6A 3 20 oSA

3 29 39 A

1 o3 f;A

2 04 47 B

1 42 28A 1 47 38A

4 54 f2A o f9 f 4 A f3 48A

6 6

V

4

S 6

V

<>1

I

7 ' S

i; i7 14A 3 4

13 44 16A 2 2


 * 8 18A y

1 28 jfB 6

SCORPION, an ancient, military Engine, ufed chiefly in the Defence of Walls, £f?c. called alfo Scorpio. Mar- cellimts describes the Scorpio^ as confifting of two Beams bound together by Ropes. From the Middle of the Two rofe a Third Beam; lb difpofed, as ro be pull'd up and let down at Pleafure ; and on the Top of this, were failen'd Iron Hooks, where was hung a Sling, either of Iron or Hemp. Under the Third Beam lay a Piece of Hair- cloth full of Chaff, tied with Cords. To ufe the Engine, a round Stone was put into the Sling, and Four Perions on each Side, Ioofening the Beams bound by the Ropes, drew back the erect Beam to the Hook : When, the En- gineer ftanding on an Eminence, giving a Stroke with a Hammer on the Cord to which the Beam was faitned with its Hook, fet it at liberty; fo that hitting again the foft Hair-cloth, it ftruck out the Stone with a valt Force, It had its Name Scorpio, becaufe when the long Beam or Tillar was erected, it had a Ihatp Top, in manner of a Sting. The more modern Times have given it the Name OiMgar, Wild Afs ; becaufe that Animal, when hunted, flings back Stones.

SCORIA, the Recrement or Drofs of any Metal, re- maining after melting, or refining the fame. The Scoria of Iron, is the Scum taken from that Metal in Forges where 'tis melted. See Scum. Scoria of Iron, is alfo the fulphurous Part of the Iron ; which uniting with- the fulphurous Part of the Charcoal, makes together, thofe porous Maries, refembling Spunges, frequently feen in the Smiths Forges.

SCOT or Scoth, from the Saxon Sceas, a Part or Portion; is a certain Cuftora or common Tallage, according to Ra(lal % made to the Ul'e of the Sheriff or his Bailiffs ; but now fignifies a cuflomary Contribution laid upon all Subjects,, according to their Ability ; for whoever are aflefTed to any Contribution, are gent-rally faid to pay Scot and Lot.

SCOTIA, in Architecture, a Semicircular Cavity or Channel between the Tores, in the Bafts of Columns. See Base. The Scotia has an Effect juft oppofite to that of the Quarter- round. Our Workmen frequently call it the Cafement. The Scotia is a concave, dark Moulding ; whence its Name, viz. from Xxot©% Obfeu- rity, Darhiefs. 'Tis alfo called Trochilus, partly from its Form. In the Corinthian Bafe, there are Two Scotia^ the upper whereof is the fmaller. According to Fffi- bien y the Cavetto is a fourth Part of the Scotia. See Cavetto.

SCOT1STS, a Sect of School Divines and Philofo- phers, thus called from their Founder, J. Duns Scotus, an Trip Cordelier; who maintained the immaculate Conception of the Virgin ; or, that fhe was born without Original Sin ; in Oppofition to Thomas Aquinas and thfl
 * £homip. See Thomist. As- to Fhilofophy, the See-

tip