Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/679

 S A V

Ch3

SAW

tery probable the Year then begun in Autumn, and of confequence 'December could not be the Tenth Month. Voffm goes itill higher, and will have it, that the Sfa turn, in Honour of whom this Fealf. was inftituted, was

SATURNINE, aTerm applied to Perfons of dark, ful- len, melancholic Completions ; as being fuppofed under the Predominancy of Saturn, or at whole Births Saturn was the Afcendanr.

SATURNINIANS, or SatumiUws, a Sea of ancient Gnojlicks, thus called from their Chief Satumjl or Satur- Wn, a Diiciple of Menander? a famous Gnoflic. Saturud taught the lame Errors with his Mailer, in Syria. See Menandrians.

SATYR, in the Heathen Theology, a fabulous Demi- God, who with the Fauns, and Sylvans, prefided over Groves, and Forefts, under the Direction of 'Pan. The Satyrs were painted half Men, half Goats. The upper Part was Human, excepting for Horns on the Head : The lower Brutal, with the- Tail and Legs of a Goat: The "Whole cover'd with Hair. The Word is ufuajly de- rived from Sathin, which, in the antient Greek-, figmfied the virile Member j thefe Deicies being fiippofed much addicted to Lafcivioufhefs.

The Poets ufually confound the Satyrs, Sylvans, FavnS> and Vanes: See each under its proper Article. Nwnus in his Ttionyfiaca, makes the Satyrs the Offspring of Mercury, and a Doric Nymph, call'd Iptitime, and' gives us the Names offeveral, vh. c P e em'mhtS, Thyefits, Hyp- ficboniSi Oriftas-; Aptus, 'Phlegrccus, Lycon, &c, Mem- non, in his Book againit the Tyrants of Heraclea, derives the Satyrs from Sacchus, and a Naiad, called Niceea.

SATYRA, or rather Satira, a Satyr: It is a Word that fignifies all manner of Difcourfe, wherein any Per- fon is reprehended. But a Satyr U commonly meant of a Poem, that wittily reproves Men's Vices: Cafaubon makes a Dillinction between the Satyrical Poetry of the Greeks, and the Satyr of the Romans, which was peculiar to themfelves only, and this is juftified by ^uintilian, I. i. c. io. Satira qiiidem tota nofra efi, for which Rcafon Horace calls it, Gravis intaBitm Carmen ; a fort of Poetry unknown to the Greeks : See Cafaubon on the Word. A Satyr ought to be lively, pleafant, moral, and full of Variety, wherein Juvenal and Horace excelled, though their Satyrs ought to be read with Caution.

SATYRION, a Root called by this Name, becaufe of its fancied Promotion of Lull: Biofccrides diitinguifh- eth this from the Orchis, but Mr. 'Bale ranks it under that Tribe. It pafferh for a great Cordial and Reftorer; but its Shape, refembling an Human 'Penis, feems to be the only Foundation for the Whimfey of making it a Provoker to Venery, and to forward Conception.

SAVAGES, or Salvages, wild, barbarous People, with- out any fix'd Habitation, Religion, Law or Policy : A great Part of America is peopled with Savages. Many, fbme fay mod, of the Savages are Anthropophagi. The Word is form'd from the Italian Salvagh, of Salveticus or Silvatictts, which we find ufed in the barbarous Latin for S'dveflris.

SAUC1SS0N, in Fortification, ,a kind of Faggot made of thick Branches of Trees, or of the Trunks of Shrubs bound together ; the Ufe whereof is to cover the Men, and to ferve as Epaulements. It differs from a Fafcine, which is only made of the fmall Branches, and by its being bound at both Ends, and in the Middle. Anciently they made it 46 Foot long, and 15 Foot thick; fince, 'tis ufually 23 Foot Jones av, d 12 thick; bound ftrongly together with three Bands furnifh'd with Iron- The Word is French, and fignifies literally, a big Saufage.

SAVER-DE-FAULT, in Law, to excufe a Fault; which is properly when a Man having made Default in Court, comes afterwards, and alledges good Cauie why he did it 5 as Imprifbnment at the Time, or the like.

SAVIOUR. Order of St. Saviour, is a religious Order founded by St. Bridget, about the Year 1344, thus called from an Opinion, that Chrift himfelf, the Saviour of the World, prefenbed the Rules and Constitutions there- of. They are alfb called, from their Foundrefs, Sridge- tins. Their Origine was thus-. Wilphon Prince of Nericia, to whom St. Bridget had been married, being dead at Arras, in his Return from Galicia, the Widow thought of nothing but devoting herfelf to a religious Life, and ac- cordingly, foon alter, built the Monaftery of Weftem in the Diocefe of IAncopen in Sweden, where fhe entred herfelf. By the- Conftitutions of this Order, 'tis to be principally appointed for Women, who are to pay a par- ticular Honour and Service to the Virgin. The Monks are only to afford them the Spiritual Afliftances they 'may need, to adminivter them the Sacraments, £yc. The Number of Nuns is fixed to Sixty in each Monaftery,

and that cf Monks to Thirteen, according to the Number of Apoftles, whereof St. 'Paul makes the Thirteenth. Four of them were to be Deacons, to reprefent the Four Doctors of the Church, and Eight Converts ; the whole Number making Seventy-two, the Number of the Diici- pies of our Saviour. Setting afide thefe Circumftances, and the Habit, this Order is under the Rule of St. An- gufine. It was approved of by Urban V. and ieveral iucceeding Popes. In 1603, Clement VIII. made fome Alterations in it, on account of the double Monafieries which then began to be built in Flanders, &e,

SAVOR. See Fast.

SAUSAGE, ot Saucidge, aTerm of fbme Significancy in Commerce. The Saujage is a popular Food prepared of fome crude Mcar, uiually either Pork or Veal Hired fmall, ieafbned, and pur up in a Skin, in manner of a Pudding. The moil eilcemed Confection of this Kind, is the 'Bokgna Saufage, which is much thicker than the common one, and is made with molt Succefs in fome Cities in Italy, particularly 'Bvirgna, Venice, &c whence great Quantities are exported to other Places. 'Tis made of raw Pork, well beaten in a Mortar, with a Quantity of Garlic, Pepper in the Grain, and other Spices. The Italians are fumihYd with a great Part of the Skins or Guts for their Saufagrs from England. The Quantities of that Commodity yearly exported, are greater than one would imagine. Menage derives the Word from Salcicid. for Salcicium.

Sausage, in War, a little long Linnen-Bag, : in Form of a Gut, two Inches in Diameter, dipt in Pirch and Tar, and filled with Powder, having a flow Fufee falten'd thereto, ro ferve as a Train to i^t Fire to Mines, Fou- aades, or Bomb-Chefts, being made to reach into tke Chamber of the Mine. Two of thefe Saufages are com- monly applied to everv Mine, to the End, that if one mould fail, the other may take Effect. See Mine*

SAUT, in the Manage. See Salts.

SAW, an Instrument ferving to cleave, or divide into Pieces, divers fbli'd Matters, as Wood, Stone, Marble, Ivory, &c. The Saw is one of the moil ufeful Machines, in the Mechanic Arts, ever invented. The Fable, which is perhaps founded on fbme furer Tradition, attribu:es the Invention thereof to Icarus, who, vying with his Father Bedalus, enrkh'd the rifing Arts with feveral Dilcoveries. 'Tis added, he firft contrived it on the Model of the Spine; or Backbone of a flat Fifh, fuch as the Soal. The Saw is made of Steel with Teeth, but thole differently filed, and turned, according to the Ufe* it is defigned for. Thertf are allbSaws without Teeth, ufed in the fawing of Marbles' and other Stones.

The beit Saws are of Steel, ground bright and finooth ; thofe of Iron are only Hamtner-hardned : Hence, the firft, befides their being lliffer, are likewife found iinoother than the laft. They are known to be well ham- mer'd by the ft iff bending of the Blade; and well or evenly ground, by bending equally into a Bow. Thfl Edge, wherein the Teeth are, is always thicker than the Back, in regard the Back is to follow the Edge, The Teeth are cut and fbarpened by a Triangular File, firir. fixing the Blade of the Sa-iv in a Whetting-block. When filed, the Teeth are to be fet, that is, to be turned a-skew, or out of the right Line, to make the wider Kerf or Fiffure, that the Back may follow the better : This is done by put- ting an Inilrument, called a Saw avrifi, between every other two Teeth, and giving it a little Wrench, which turns one of the Teeth a little towa-ds you, and the other a little from you. The Teeth are always fet ranker for coarfe cheap Stuff, than for hard and fine, in regard the ranker the Tooth is fet, the more Stuff is loll in the Kerf; and if the Stuff be hard, the greater the Labour of fawing it.

The Workmen who make the greateft Ufe of the Sa-:v, are, The Sawyers, Carpenters, Joiners, Ebonifts, Stone- cutters, Carvers, Sculptors, g£c. The Lapidaries too have their Sa-rc, as well as the Workers in Mofaick, but thefe bear little Rcfcmblance to the common Saws. Sec Lapidary and Mosaick Work.

But of all Mechanicks, there are none have fo many as the Joiners, nor fb many different Kinds, The chief are as follow. The Pit-Saw, a large two-handed Saw, ufed to faw Timber in Pits. 'Tis fet rank for coarfe Stuff, fb as to make a Kerf or Fiffure of almoft a Quarter of an Inch ; but for finer Stuff, finer. The Whip-Saw* which is likewife two handed, ufed to (aw fucli large Pieces of Stuff as the Iland-^aw will not eafiiy reach.. — — The Hand-Saw is made for a fingle Man's Ufe. Of thefe are various Kinds ; as, The Sow, or Fra'we- Saw, furnifhed with Cheeks; by the twilled Cord and Tongue in the Middle thereof, the upper Ends are oc- cafionally drawn dole together, and the lower let the

further apart. The Tenant-Saw, which being very thin,

has a Back to keep it from bending The Ccmpafs-Saw,

which