Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/676

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thtmfelves as well as they can, from the Fire ol the op- polite Baft ion.

S ARAB A IT, a Name anciently given to vagabond M»nks. St. Senedicl gives a frightful' Idea of theie Sara- baites in the Firft Chapter of his Rule. Cajjian does not fpeak a whit more favourably of them in his Fourteenth Conference; nor S. Jerom in his Letter to Euftcchim. Caftan calls them, Renaitte, quia [itgum regularis difii- ffinie renumt. The Word SarabaBce is derived from the Hebrew mD Sareb, to be a Rebel.

SARABAND, a Mufical Compofition in Triple Time; being, in reality, no more than a Minuet, whole Motions are flow, and ferious. Saraband is alfoaDance to the fame Meafure, ufually terminating when the Hand rifes, whereby 'tis diftinguifhed from the Courant, which Ends when the Hand that beats Time, falls. The Saraband is faid to be derived originally from the Saraaens, as well as the Chacone : It had its Name, according to fome Authors, from a Comedian called Sarabande, who firft dane'd it in France. Others derive it from the Spa- nip Sarao Ball : 'Tis ufually danced to the Sound of the Guitarre, or Caftanettes.

SARCASM, in Rhetoric!;, a keen, bitter Irony, where- by the Orator feoffs and infults his Adverfary. Such was that of the Jews to our Saviour : Thou who dejlroyefi the 'Temple, and raifejl it in three CDays, five thy [elf, &c. and again, He filled others, himfelf he cannot five. Or that of Tamas to a Trojan flain by him in Virgil.

En agros, (g quam bello, Trojane, petifti Hefperiam metefe jacens. H<ec pr<emia qui me fern auji tentare ferunt ; Sic Menia cimdunt.

SARCOCELE, in Medicine, a flefhy Excrefcehce, very hard, yet indolent; riling up by little and little about the Tefticle, or on the inner Membrane of the Scrotum. Sometimes indeed it is painful, in which Cafe there is Danger of its degenerating into a Cancer : It ufually owes its Origine to fome external Caufe; as a Blow, a Bruife, or Contufion. Such Accidents occafion the nuttitious Juices to flop, and to be collected in great Quantities in the relaxed or compreffed Pores of thdfe Parts, by which Means is form'd that kind of Flefh called Sarcocele. 'Tis a very rroublefbme and obftinate Difeafe, and is frequently incurable by any other Means than cutting off the Tefticle. The Word is formed from the Greek oapf Caro, Flefh, and jujah Tumor.

SARCOCOLLA, a Gum oozing out of a thorny Tree, either with or without Incifions. Neither Authors nor Merchants are agreed as to the Place where it grows : Some fay 'tis in T'erfia, others, in Arabia TJeferta. It comes either in Grains, or in Tears of different Colours; fometimes White, fometimes Yellow, and fometimes Red, but all equally good, provided they be very dry. Their Tafte is bitter, accompanied with fbmewhat of a difa- greeable Sweetnefs. 'Tis efteemed warm and drying ; very good to confblidate and heal Wounds, whence its Name, which is from the Greeki ?*& Flefh, and xoaa^ Glue. 'Tis fometimes alio ufed in Collyria to flop Defluxions, and 'take off Specks on the Eye*

SARCOLOGY, in Anatomy, a Difcourfe on the Flefh, or the fo t Parts of the Human Body. Anatomy is divid- ed into Two principal Parts ; Ofteology and Sarcokgy. The firft whereof treats of the Bones and Cartilages ; the fecond of the Flelh and fbft Parts. See Flesh.

SARCOMA, in Medicine, a flefhy Excrefcence ari- fing from the proper Nutrimenr of the Part where it grows, without any Defiuxion,- or Difcharge of Humours from other Parts. If the Flefh be not reprefs'd and kept under, it frequently produces Pipes like Veins and Arteries, whereby it receives Nourifhment, as we fee in Wens. It yields a very fetid Sanies, and arifes chiefly about the Fundament, the Neck of the Womb, Fractures ot the Cranium, cifr. The Latins c& it Fungus.

SARCOMPHALUM, in Medicine, Efc a flefhy Ex- crefcence of the Navel, from the Greek trig Flefh, and o^jstA©- Navel.

SARCOPHAGUS, or Sarcophagum, in Antiquity, a Tomb.ftone, wherein the Antients laid thofe they had not a mind to burn ; The Word, derived from the Greek, literally fignifies, one that eats Flefh ; becaufe at firft, they ufed a Sort of Stones for the making of Tombs, which quickly confuined the Bodies : The Quarries from whence they dug them were in a City of Troas, named Affum : They had the j Virtue to wafte away a Body to nothing, fave the Teeth, in Forty Days : This Stone refembled a Reddifh Pumice Stone, and had a faltifh Tafte ; they made Veffels of it to cure the Gout, into which they put their Feet, not fuffering them to conti- nue there too long.

SARCOTICKS, in Medicine, Remedies proper to nil up Wounds and Ulcers with new Flefh; the fame

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Sl \w ™&rcoc°lk <Dragon\-mood, In. Flem " f0mid ftom ' he Greeks

, wSF? 1 !*' a ^f/ m ^Stone, a precious Stone of a Blood Colour half tranfparcnt; rhe fame with what we otherwtfc call a Cornelian. See Co RNE r, I4N " The

Babylon: Thofe of Sardinia, whence they take their N ame, are m the fecond Clafs. Thete are others, and thofe no contemptible ones found near St. Mairro in Albania i and other, very mull ones, about the Rhine, in licbemia, Stmt, &c. To give them the greater Luirre, 't,s ulhal in letting them, to lay Silver-leaf underneath. The Sardom ,s moll. „ .fed for Seals, as graving eafily. yet taking a fine Pohih. The Author ol the Book faUeh, alcribedto Albertus Magmis, attributes feveral wohder- tul Virtues to this Stone. See Agate

.SARDONIAN LAUGHTER.' See R IS, JS Sardo- Minus. . ■

SARDONYX, a precious Stone, pattaking partly of the Sardom, and partly of the Agate or Onyx. 'Tis red- difh, bordering on White, like the Nail" of the Hand In fome the Red inclines to a Yellow. Tis brought from the Eaft Indies, Arabia, and Bohemia. It was anciently much ufed for fine Veffels. See Abate and Sardoin

SARPLAR OF WOOL, o.hetwile called 1, TcZ is half a Sack. See Sack. In Scotland, it is called Ser- pliawe.

SARRASIN in Forrification, is a Kind of Portculhce; otherwife called an Herfe, which is hung with a Cord over the Gate of a Town, or Fortrefs, and let fall in Cafe of a Surprize.

SARSAPARILLA, or Salfiparilla, a Medicinal Plant, growing in New Spain, 'Pent, and'the Eaft Indies Its j!™ Y\ ! s ln Decoctions and Potions in the Venereal Dileale, being efteemed a great Oblervant and Sweetuer ; and, on that Score, fometimes ufed as a Tea I-s Rcot which is the Part in Ufe, divides its ielf into a great Numrnabf Filaments, Six or Seven Foot long ; of the Thicknefs, of a Quill. 'Tis Grey wirhout S,de, and White within, only mark'd with Two Red Streaks It* Branches creep on the Earth, or alone the Trunks of other Trees, %$c. as the Ivy does. To be good it mull be very dry, its Filaments long, eafy to cleave ; and, in cleaving, muft not yield any Dull; When boiled in Water, it muft give it a Red Tincture. Some of the Modern Phyficians doubt the Medicinal Virtue of this Root, as it does not difcover much, eithet in Tafte Smell or Tincture. There is another Kind, the Filal ments of whofe Root are thicker, growing in the Blind Maregnau, on the Coaft of Srajil. This is not ertemed fo good as the former. There is a third Kind brought from Mtjiovy, the Roots whereof are ftill bigger, hut good for nothing but to burn.

SARTORIUS, in Anatomy, the Taylor's Mufcle, a MuJ'cle thus calied, becaufe ferving to throw one Leg a-erofs the other. 'Tis alio called <Poplit£US. See PoPLiTaius.

SASSAFRAS or Saxafras, a Yellow odoriferous Wood, of a brisk aromatic Scent, ■ fbmewhat tefem blmg Fennel. 'Tis the Wood of a Tree growing in Florida, whereof there are whole Forefts. The Natives call it Tavama, the Spaniards and French alfo, Cinnamon- Wood ; becaufe, at the Conqucft of that Country, under Ferdinand Soto, in 1558, they imagined this to have been the true Cinnamon Tree. The Wood ot Sajfafras, chiefly its Bark, wherein its ptincipal Virtue is fuppolcd to re-; fide, was formerly fold at an incredible Price, to be ufed with Sarfaparilla and Efquilina, in the Cure of the Ve- nereal Difeafe. 'Tis very drying and hot, tho' not quite fo much as the Guaiacum : It is fbmewhat come into Falhion in Families, as the common Tea, which the Shavings of it make agreeably enough ; but ihe Scandal of being good in Veneteal Cafes, is a Detriment to it, and prevents a deal of Good being done by ir : Indeed, with' fome, it doth not agtee, ef'pecially at firft, and' in a Morning, as it affefts the Head, like fome Perfumes, and occafions Pains, Drowfincfs and Vapours : But Ufe and drinking it, in the Beginning, in the Afternoon, will, with moft Conftitutions, wear out thefe Inconveniencies.' 'Tis efteemed in the Gout, Sciatica, and Green Sickne's, Chufe that covered with a thick Bark, reddifh, and rough, of a fharp Tafle, and a flrong aromatic Smell. ' 5

SASSE, in fome of our Statutes, is a Kind of Wear with Flood-gates, commonly in Navigable Rivers foe the damming and loofing the Stream of Water, as Occafion requires, for the better pafling o^ Boats and Barges to and from. This, in the Weft of Ergland, is' called a Lock ; in the River Lee, a Turn-pike, and in other Places a Sluice.

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