Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/664

 SAL

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SAL

the Former Cafe, the Head of the Ship always coming to the Rudder, and in the latter always flying off from it.

SAILORS, tlio elder Seamen, who are employed in managing the Sails, the Tackle, Steering, £f?c.

SAINTS, in the Romifi Church, Holy Perfons de- ceafed ; and iince their Deceafe, Canonized by the Pope, after feveral Informations and Ceremonies. See Ca- nonization. One of the Points wherein the Roman Catholicks and Troteftants differ, is, That the former ad- drefs, invoke, fupplicate Saints, i£c. to inrerceed for them ; whereas the latter hold it fufficient to propofe their good Examples. The Number of Saints, allowed as iuch, in the Romifj Church, is prodigious. Father Tapebroch reckons Seventeen or Eighteen Hundred to have died on the Firft of June, only. Indeed, the Croud of Saints wherewith their Martyrologies arc flocked, is fcandalous, even to the mote iober of their own Commu- nion. Father Mabillon, in an exprefs Differtation on the fforpip of Jlnkwwn Saints, obferves, That Honours are given to Saints, who, perhaps, were not Christians ; and whofe Names were never known. Hence, being under a Neceffity of giving them Names, they are therefore called 'Baptised Saints. He adds, That they every Day befeech Saints to interceed for them with God; when, 'tis much doubted, whether they themfelves be in Heaven. Father Tapebroch was a long Time employed in writing the Lives of the Saints. He ranged them each on the Day of the Year wherein they died. For the firft Six Months he publifhed Twenty Four Volumes in Folio ; and lince his Death, in 1714, his Succeffors have pub. lifhed Two more.

SAKER, is a Sort of Cannon; and is either extraordi- nary, ordinary, or leaft Size ; Saker Extraordinary, is Four Inches Diameter at the Bore, 1800 Pound Weight, 10 Foot long ; its Load 5 Pounds, Shot 3 Inches and Half Diameter, and fbmething more than 7 Pound and a Quarter Weight ; its Level Range is 163 Paces. Saker Ordinary, is a Size lefs, 3 Inches 3 Quarters Bore, 9 Foot long, 1500 Weight ; its Charge, 4 Pounds of Pow- der ; Bullets Diameter 3 Inches and a Half, Weight 6 Pounds, its Level Range 160 Paces. Saker of the leaft Size, is 3 Inches and a Half Diameter at the Bore, 1400 Pound Weight, 8 Foot long, its Load near 3 Pounds and a Half ; Shot 4 Pounds 3 Quarters Weight, and 3 Inches and a Quarter Diameter. See Cannon.

SAL, in Chymiftry, &c. "\ /-Salt.

Sal Armoniac, or Ammoniac, 1 Ammoniac.

Sal 'Petri, or Nitri, Salt-Petre.

Sal Tnmellte, V See/ Prunella.

Sal Tartari, ] Tartar.

Sii. Tolychreftum, Polychrest.

Sal GemnitC, J I^Gemma.

Sal Volatile Oleofnm, an Aromatic Volatile Salt, firft prepared by Sylvius He la Soe, and found a very notable Medicine, chiefly as a Cephalic and Cordial. 'Tis made thus : To an Ounce of Volatile Salt of Sal Ammoniac, diftill'd with Salt of Tartar, and dulcified with Spirit of. Wine, put a Dram and Half of fome Aromatic Oil, or Effence, drawn from fome generous Aromatic Vegetable, as Cinnamon, Cloves, Rofemary, Balm, &c. And when the Spirit and Oil are well ftirred and incorporated to- gether; draw off the Volatile Salt and Spirit in a Cucurbit. Some, inftead of this, mix all the Ingredients together at firft, viz. the Sal Ammoniac, Sal Tartari, Spirit of Wine and Powder of Cinnamon or Cloves, &c. and diftill off the Volatile Spirit and Salt at once; but the former Way is preferred. See Volatile.

SALADE, in War, a light Covering, or Armour for the Head, anciently wore by the light Horfe; only differ ing from the Cask, in that it had no Creft, and was little more than a bare Pot. That of the Foot-men was called Afcrioft. Nicod derives the Word from Sila, which had the fame Signification among the Latins. Others from Saladinus ; adding, That it was borrowed from the Orientals ; others from the Italian Celeta, as if the Head were hid hereby. Others from the Spanip Celada, a little Cask, f£c.

S ALADINE, a Tax, impofed in England and France, in the Year 1188, to raife a Fund for the Cruzade, un- dertook by Richard I. of England, and Philip Auguflus of France, againtt Saladin Sultan of Egypt, then going to befiege 7erufalem. The Saladine-Tax was thus laid ; That every Perfon who did not enter himfelf a Croifi, was obliged to pay a Tenth of his yearly Revenue, and the Value of all his Moveables, excepting his wearing Apparel, Books, and Arms. The Carthn'fians, Sernar- dines, and (bme other Religions, were exempted from it.

SALAMANDER'S BLOOD, a Term" the ChJ; mifts give to Red Vapours, which in Diftillation of Spirit of Nitre, towards the latter End do fill the Re- ceiver with Red Clouds ; they are the moft fixed, and flrongeft Part of the Spirit ; and nothing but Nitre yields a Red Vapour in Diftillation.

SALARY, Salarium, in old Law Books, a Toll, or Duty paid for Salt. Alfo a Stipend, or Wages for any Service done.

SALIANT, in Fortification. There are Two Kinds of Angles ; the one Saliant, which are thofe that prefenr their Point outwards : The other Re-entring, which have their Points inwafd. Inftances of both Kinds, we have in Tenailles, and Works in Form of Stars. 'See Angle. The Word is formed from the French Saiilant^ which fignifies the fame Thing ; of Sailler, to project advance outwards, and that, of the Latin Satire, to leap. See Angle.

SALIENT, in Heraldry, is applied to a Lyon, %£a when its Fore-legs are railed in a leaping Pofture ; {land- ing fo as that his right Fore-foot, is in the Dexter chief Point, and his hinder Left-Foot, in the Smifter bafe Point of the Efcutcheon; by which it is diftinguifhed frcm Rampant. See Rampant.

SALIC LAW, an ancient and fundamental Law of the Kingdom of France ; fuppofed ro have been made by Tharamond, or at leaft by Clevis. T)u Haitian, after a critical Examination of the Salic Law, declares it to have been an Expedient of Thilip the Long, in 13 16, for the Exclufion of the Daughter of Louis Hittin, from inheriting the Crown. Father Daniel, on the other Hand, maintains, That 'tis quoted by Authors more ancient than Thilip the Long; and that Clevis is the real Author of it. The Stile, which is icarce intelligible, and which is in a latinized Dialect, is a Mark of its Antiquity. This Law has not particular Regard to the Kingdom of France. It only imports in the general, That in Salic Land, no Tart of 'the Inheritance Jiiall fall to any Female ; tut the whole to the Male Sex. So that 'tis a popular Error to fuppofe, That the Salic Law was eftablifhed purely on Account of the Succeflion to the Crown : Since it extends to private Perfons as much as thofe of the Royal Family. Part of it feems to have been borrowed by our Henry I. in compiling his Laws, Cap. 89. gjm hocfecerit fecundum legem Salicani moriatnr. By Salic Lands or Inheritances was anciently expreffed all Lands by whatever Tenure held, whether Noble or Bale, from the Succeffion whereto, Women Were excluded by the Salic Law; and admitted to inherit nothing but Movea- bles, and Purchafes, whenever there were any Males, In- deed, M. Fenelon obferves, That there were originally Salic Lands, diftinguifhed from all others, and deftined for the Military People of the Nation ; and to thefe, 'tis iiippofed, the Law was originally intended to be confined. M. Eccard, a Hanoverian, is faid to have recovered an antient M S. of this famous Law, containing a third Part thereof, much more amply than any yet known s with a very curious Chronology of the fame Law, hitherto unknown.

Some, as Toflelltts, will have thisZ«OT called Salic, 4. d. Gallic, becaufe peculiar to the Gauls. Cenal takes the Reafon to be, That the Law was only ordained for the Royal Salles or Palaces. Claud. Seiffel fays, 'Twas thus called, becaufe of the Salt and the Trudence it abounds withal. Fer.Montamis fays, 'Twas becaufe Tharamond was at firft called Salic. Others, with the Abbot Vfperg, derive its Name from Salcgafl his Principal Minifter. And others from the frequent Repetition of the Words Si aliqita, at the beginning of the Articles. Genebrand fays, 'Tis cal- led Salic for Salomonic, by Reafon Solomon fet the firft Example of it. tDavifin derives it from the German Words, Salts and Lib, q. d. like to Salt. The moft pro- bable Opinion is, That the Word is derived from the ancient Franks, called Salt, Salici, and Salingi, from the River Sala, a River of ancient Germany: This is the Sentiment of Rhenanus and Emilius, who are followed by feveral others ; among the reft, Menage, Tafyttiert Sorel, and Juncker. Souterone gives another plaufible Origin of the Word : He fays, it comes from the Word Salich, which, in the Old Teutonic Language, fignified Salutary ; and that the French in this Law imitated the Policy of the ancient Romans, who made Salutary Laws, which the Magiffrates were to have before them when they adminiftred Juftice. This he proves from a curious Figure taken out of the Notilia Imperii, wherein the Book is reprefented covered with Gold, with this In- fcription ; Leges Salntares.

SALII, in Antiquity, Prieftsof Mars, whereof there were Twelve, inftituted by Nuina. They were painted with Parti- coloured Garments and high Bonnets, with a Steel Cuirafle, or Breaft-plate on the Ereaft. They hid their Name

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