Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/659

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and ViSim, ano fbme times made a fhort Difcourfe, by Way of Complement; as we find Homer makes Ulyffes do, when he preiented the High - Prieft with Iphigema to be Sacrificed. As any Perlbn came to prefent his Offering, he warned his Hands in a Place appointed in the Tem- ple ior that Purpofe. Laftly, when the Offering was made, the Prielt that officiated, perfumed the t/itlims with Incenie, and fprinkled them with luftral Water ; and having wafhed his Hands, and got up again to the Altar, he prayed to the God to whom he preiented the Sacrifice, with a loud "Voice, That he would accept of thofe Offerings, and be pleafed with the Vittims he facrificed to him for the publick Good, and for fuch and fuch Things in particular. In the dole of the Offertory and Prayer, made by the Prieft to the Gods, he came down the Steps of the Altar, and from the Hand ot one of his Affiftants, received the Sacred Pafte, called Mold falfa, made of Barley or Wheat Flower, mixed with Salt and Water, which he threw upon the Head of the Vic- tim, iprinkling a little Wine upon it, which was called Jmmolatio. Seroius fays, The Prieft (cattered little bits of this Pafte upon the Head of the ViBint* the Altar, where the lacred Fire burned, and the Knives, by Way ot Confecration. He then took Wine In a Veffel called Sira- pulum, and having rafted it himfelf firft, and made his Aflirtants do all the fame, to /hew that they partook ot the Sacrifice he poured it between the Horns of the Vic- tim, pronouncing thefe Words of the Conlecration, MaBltS hoc vino inferis eflo; Let this ViBim be improved and ho- noured by this Wine. This done, he pulled off the Hairs from between the Horns, and threw them into the Fire j and commanded the Sacrifice^ (who asked him, Jfgott' Shall I llrike?) To knock down the VicJim with a Blow on the Head with an Hammer or Ax ; upon which, ano- ther Affiftant, named I'opa, prefently thruft a Knife into his Throat, whilft a third received the Blood, where- with the Prieft fprinkled the Altar,

When the Victim was flain, they flead him, if it was not a Burnt Offering ; (for then they burn'd Skin and all,) took the Flelh off the Head, and adorning it with Gar- lands and Flowers, fattened it to Pillars of the Temples, as well as the Skins, as Enfigns of Religion, carrying them about in Proceffion in publick Calamities j not but that the Priefts oft wore the Skins, and others went to fleep upon them in the Temples of JEfculapmi and Faunus, that they might receive favourable Refponfes in their preams, or be cured of their Maladies. They then opened the Vitlim's Entrails, and afrer circumfpecYly view- ing them, to draw Prefages therefrom, according to the Art of the Arufpices, they flowered them with Meal, and fprinkled them with Wine, and made a Prefent of them to the Gods, reddebant exta jDHs, by throwing them into the Fire in finall bits, boiled or parboiled; and hence the Entrails were called 'Porrica. The Entrails be- ing burned, and the other Ceremonies finifhed, they be- lieved the Gods to be fatisfied ; and that they could not fail to find their Vows accompli filed, which they expreffed by the Word Lttare, q. d. All is finifhed, and well done ; whereas Non Litare, on the contrary, intimated there was ibmething wanting for the Perfection of the Sacrifice, and that the Gods were not appealed. The Prieft afterwards difmiffed the People with thefe Words, / licet. Hence it may be obferved, that the Sacrifices confifted of four prin- ci pal Parts, the firft called Libatio, or the pouring a little Wine upon the VicJim ; the fecond Immolatio, when, af- ter they had fcattered the Crumbs of faired Pafte thereon, they killed it ; the third Redditio t when they offered the Entrails to the Gods; and the fourth Litatio, when the Sacrifice was perfected, and accomplifhed without any Fault.

SACRILEGE, the Crime of profaning facred Things, or Things devoted to God, or alienating to Laymen, or common Purpofes, what was given to Religious Per- ibns, and pious TJfes. Our Fore-fathers were very ten- der in this Cafe ; and therefore, when the Order of the Knights Templers was diffolved, their Lands, &c. were all given to the Knights Hofpitallers of Jerusalem, for this Reafon, Ke in pios uffos errgata, contra donatorum voltmtaiem, in alios npis difiraherentur.

SACRISTAN, a Church Officer, otherwife called Sexton. See Sexton.

SACRISTY, or Sextry, the Place where the Veffels and other Utenfils, and the Ornaments of the Church, were anciently orelerved, called alfb in ancient Authors, Secretarum. The like with what we call Vejlry. See Vestry.

SACROLUMBARIS, or Sacrolumbus, in Anatomy, a Mufcle, that arifeth flefhy from the fuperior Part of the Os Sacrum, pofterior Part of the Ilium, and from all the Spines and tranfverfe ProcefTes of the Vertebra of the Loins. It gives a fmall Tendon to the pofterior Part •f each Rib near its Root, where a fmall Bundle of flefhy

Fibres arifes and unites with each afcending Tend«n, to the third, fourth, fifth, and fixth Vertebra of the Neck. This with the Ser rants 'Rofiicus inferior, and Tri- angularis, help to contract the Ribs in Expiration. But they are but of finall Force, and ieem only to accelerate the Motion of the Ribs, which fall down chiefly by their own Gravity, and rhe Elafticity of the Ligaments, by which they are tied to the Vertebra. See Muscle.

SACRUM OS, in Anatomy, is the lower Extremity of the Spina 1)crfi, being that whereon we fit. See Os Sacrum and Spina. 'Tis doubted whence this Name fhould arile: Some think 'tis becaufe the Ancients offered it in Sacrifice to the Gods ; others, becaufe 'tis very large, and others, becaufe it indoles the Natural Parts. Its Fi- gure is triangular, 'Tis hollow within-fide, and by that Means, contributes to the forming of the Cavity at the Bottom of the Hypcgafirium, called the 'Pelvis. Its Fore- part is fmooth, by which Means, the Parts it contains are Secured from being wounded : Its Hind-part rough, that the Mufcles may fallen the better to it. It has Three different Articulations. The firft is with the laft of the Ver- tebra of the Loins, and is like that of the other Vertebra. The fecond, with the Os Ccccigis, by Synckondrofis ; The third, with the Bones of the Hips. The Os Sacrum is ulually divided into five Parts, which are ranked among the Number of 'Vertebra, The higheft is the greateft y the reft growing lefs as they go lower. Thefe Vertebra are eafi- ly feparated in Children, by Reafcn the Cartilages which, joyn them, are not yet offified. But in Adults, they arc fo firm, that they only make one Bone. 'Tis in the Os Sacrum, that the Cavity which contains the Spinal Mar- row, terminates. See VERTtiiRvEt Sacra Vena is a

Vein arifingfrom the Os Sacrum, and terminating, ufually in the Iliac Vein ; fbmetimes in the Place where the two

StOCS meet with the afcending Aorta. Arterica

Sacra, is a Branch of the Iliacus Intemus. See Vein. Z$c. ' SADDLE, in the Manage, a Kind of fluffed Sear, laid on the Back of a Horfe for the Convenience of the Rider. The Origin of the Saddle is not well known. Gorop. Secanus attributes its Invention to the Salii, a People among the ancient Franks; and hence, fays he, came the Lathi Sella, Saddle. 'Tis certain, the ancient Romans were unacquainted with the life either of Saddle or Stirrups : Whence Galen obferves, in feveral Places, that the Roman Cavalry, in his Time, were fubjecl: to feveral Difeafes of the Hips and Legs, for want of having their Feet fiiftained onHorfe-back. And long before him, Hippocrates had obferved, that the Scythians, who were much on Horfe-back, were troubled with Defluxions in their Legs, becaufeof their hanging down. Thefirft Time we hear of Saddles among the Romans, was Anno. 340 $ when Confians, endeavouring to deprive his Brother Con- fantine of the Empire, made Head againft his Army, and entring the Squadron where he himfelf was, threw him off his Saddle, as we are informed by the Hiftorian Zonaras. Before, they made Ufe of fquare Pannels ; fuch as we fee in rhe Statue of Antoninus in the Capitol. The Ufe of Saddles was firft eftablifhed in England, by a Law of Henry VII. whereby the Nobility were obliged to ride on Saddles. 'Tis but very lately that the Irijb have taken to it.

There are various Kinds of Saddles ; as the running Saddle, a very fmall one, with round Skirts. The Surjbrd Saddle, which has theSeat and Skirts plain. The '■Fad Sad- dle, of which there are two Kinds, the one made with Burrs before the Seat, the other with Bolfters under the Thighs. The French Fad-Jaddle, the Burrs whereof, came all round the Seat. <Portmantua Saddle furniflied with a Cantle behind the Seat, to keep a Carriage off the Rider's Back. War Saddle, furniflied with a Cantle, $$c. Bolfter botlx behind and before.

$ADDLE-gall\d, is when a Horfe's Back is hurt or fretted with rhe Saddle 5 'tis cured by bathing the Part withUrine, or warm Wine. When the Sore is large, 'tis cured by Aqua Secunda, ftrcwing over it the Powder of an old Rope or Flax, and confiiming the Proud-flefli with Vi- triol or Colcothar.

SADUCEES, aSe£t among the ancient Jews, efteemed as Deifts, or Free-Thinkers, rather than real Jeivs$ tho* they affifted at all the Ceremonies of the Worfhip in tho Temple. St. Epiphanhis will have them to have taken their Rife from < Dofitheus 4t a Samaritan Sectary 5 and rfertullian is of the fame Opinion. St. Jerom, and other Writers add, That the Saducees came near the Samaritans in many Things 5 particularly in this, that they allowed no Books of Scripture, but the five Books of Mofes. Th? Jefuit Serrarius, has alfo embraced this Opinion 5 as feeming to be fiipported by the Authority of Jofephus. But all Jofephus fays, is, That they admitted all that was written, i.e. all the Books of Scripture; intimating by that, they difbwned the unwritten Traditions of the c Pha- rijees 5 and, in Effe£f., St. Epiphflnius is forced to own,

that