Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/655

 RUN

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RUS

Food eaten, at firft, haftily, isreturn'd back again to the Mouth; where 'tis re-chew'd and fwallowed a fecond time ; and that much to the Benefit of the Animal. See Food, Chyle, Mastica- tion, &c.

Burnet:, in his Tbefaur. Med. gives feveral Inftances of Men that ruminated, from Salmuihius, Rhodius, &c— Dr. Slave in the Pbilofi TranfadJ. gives us a freflier Inftance in one of our own Countrymen, living at Brifiol. His account, as 'tis curious, and may let us fee a little how it fares with ruminating Animals ; we (hall here add-

" He begins to chew his Meat over again within a Quarter of cC an Hour after Meals, if he drink with it; if not, fomewhat ct later. His chewing after a full Meal lafts about an Hour and " a half: And if he go to Bed prefently after Meals, he cannot " fleep till the ufual time of chewing be over. The Victuals, « c upon the return, tafte fomewhat more pleafantly than at firft. '< Bread, Meat, Cheefe, and Drink, return much of fuch Co- « lours as they wou'd be of were they inix'd together in aMor- " dry and folid Food. The Victuals feem to him to lye heavy « till they have pafs'd the fecond chewing ; after that it panes " clean away. If he eat variety of things, that which paffes " down firft comes up again firft. If the ruminating Faculty « chance to leave him, it fignifies Sicknels; and 'tis never well " with him till it returns. He is about twenty Years of Age, « and was always thus fince he can remember. His Father « does the like, fometimes; but in fmall Quantities.
 * e tar. Liquids, as Spoon-Meat, return to his Mouth all one as

RUMMAGE, in the Sea Language, fignifies to clear a Ship's Hold, or remove Goods or Luggage from one Place to another. See Hold.

The Word is probably derived from the Saxon raum, Room, or Space.

RUN of a Skip, fo much of her Hull as is always under Wa- ter; growing thinner and lanker by Degrees, from the Floor- Timbers to the Scern-Pofts. See Ship.

This is alio call'd her Way afttuard on.—K Ship is faid to have a good Run, when it is long, and the Water pafles cleverly to her Rudder, her Tuck not lying too low, which is of great Impor- tance to her Sailing. If the Water do not come ftrongly to her Rudder, by reafon of her being built too broad below, fhe can- not fteer well ; and a Ship that can't fteer well, cannot keep a good Wind, nor will have any frelh Way through the Sea, but will ftill be falling to Leeward. See Rudder, Steering, &c. And yet a Ship with a large and good Run, lofes much Stow- age, becaufe made narrow below. See Hold, Burthen, <& c RUNDLES, or Roundels, in Heraldry, the fame as Balls or Pellets. See Ball and Pellet.

RUNDLET, or Rcundlet, a fmall Veflel, containing an uncertain Quantity of any Liquor, from three to twenty Gal- lons. See Measure, <&c.

RUNIC, a Term applied to the Language and Letters of the ancient Goths, Danes-, and other Northern Nations.

Some have been of Opinion that Gulphilas, or Ulphilas, a Da- nijh Biihop about the Year 370 was the firft Inventor of the Runic {.'haratter: But Olaus\Wormius fhews at large that Ulphilas could only be the firft who taught: them to Foreigners; for that the Characters themfelves were older than he. See Character. ictentifical, like the Egyptian Hieroglyph icks.
 * Tis fuppofed they were called Runic, as being myfteriaus and

The Runic Language is more frequently call'd Sclavonic. See Sclavonic. See alfo Wormius ds Uteratura Runicaj andH/VAi's Ihefaurus of the ancient Northern Languages.

There are fome Runic Medals in the Clolets of the Curious ; and fome more Modern Danijb and Englijb Medals, the Infcrip- tions whereof are Latin, and the Character Runic. See Talisman. RUNNER, in the Sea Language, a Rope with- a Block or Pulley at one End, and a Hook at the other; for hoifting of Goods. See Rope.

To ovcrhale tbe Runner, is to pull down the hooked End, and hitch it inro the Sling.

RUNNET, or Rennet, an acid Juice, found in the Sto- machs of Calves that have fed on nothing but Milk, and are kill'd before the Digeftion be perfected. See Milk.

'Tis this Rmmet is chiefly ufed to curdle or turn Milk For Cheefe. See Curdling, Cheese, &c.

Its proper Place is the Abomafus.— The like Matter is alfo faid to be found in Goats and Hares. See Aboaiasus.

The longer the Ru?met is kept, the better it is.— Though it readily coagulates Milk; yet if put into it when already coagula- ted, it diflolves it. See Coagulation and Dissolution.

If Sale be put in the Milk, e're the Runnet be applied, it pre- vents its Coagulation.— If Salt be put in afterwards, it hardens the Coagulum. See Salt.

Arifiotle will have the Runnet to be the proper Subftance of the Milk; but he is miftaken when he fays 'tis found in allAni- mals which give Milk, efpecially all Ruminants. See Ruminant. RUNNING of Goods, a clandeftine landing of Goods with- out paying the legal Cuftoms or Duties for the fame. See Smugling, Owler, Duty, Custom, &c. RUPEE, or Roupia. See Roupia. RUPTURE, in Medicine, call'd alfo Hernia, and popularly Burftnefs^ is when the Rim or thin Film or Caul, which holds up the Inteftines, is broken or over-ftrained or ftretch'd, fo as the Guts fall down either into the Groin, Cod, or Flank. See Hernia.

According as the Rupture happens in the Abdomen, Inguen, or Scrotum, it is call'd Exomphalutj Hernia Inguindiu or Hernia Scro- ti See Exqmfhalus, &c? *"

RURAL, or Rustic, fomething that relates to the Country. See Rustic

The Word is form'd of the Latin Rus, Rurit, Country.

Rural Dean, in the antient Church, was a Temporary Dean, appointed by the Bifliop or Archbiftiop, for fome particular Mi- niftry, without Canonical Inftitution. See Dean.

The Rural Dean is the fame with what in the Laws of Ed- ward the ConfeiTor, was call'd Decanus Epifiopi, xheBi/bop'sDean.

Heyhn obferves that each Diocefe has in it one or more Arch- deaconries for difpatch of Ecclefiaftical Bufinefs; and each Arch- deaconry is fubdivided into Rural Deaneries, fewer or more ac- cording to the extent thereof; the Deans whereof were alfo call'd Archipresbyteri, and Decani Cbrifiianitatts. See Archipresby- teri, &c.

The Rural Deans feem to have been the fame with what in other Parts were call'd Chore fpifcopi. See Chorespiscopus, &c.

RUST of a Metal, the Flowers or Calx thereof; procured by corroding and diflblving its fuperficial Parrs by fome menftruous Fluid. See Metal, Calx, Flower, Menstruum, <& c.

Water is the great Inftrument or Agent in producing Rufi; the Air apparently rufis Bodies, but 'tis only in Virtue of the Wa- ter it contains. See Air.

Hence, in a dry Air, Metals remain a long time without con- tracting Rufi ; and hence Oils and other fatty Bodies fecure Me- tals from Rufti Water being no Menftruum to Oil, &c. And therefore not able to make its Way through it. See Water, Grc.

All Metals are liable to Rufi; even Gold it felf, though gene- rally held incapable thereof, grows Rufiy if expoled to the Fumes of Sea-Salt. See Gold.

The reafon why it is fo rarely found to rufi, is that Sea-Salt, which is the only Salt that will prey upon it, is of a very fiYd Nature, and therefore little of its Efiuvia or Exhalations are found floating in the Air. See Gold, Afua Regia, Vola- tilisation, &c.

Rufi is ufually fuppofed a Corruption of the Metal, but with- out much Foundation: 'Tis the very Metal itfelf, only under an- other Form ; and accordingly we find that Rufi of Copper may be again turned into Copper.

The Rufi^ of Copper, call'd JErugo, makes what we call Ver- digreafe. See Verdigrease.

Cerufs is made of Lead converted into Rufi by Vinager. See Ceruss.— Iron, in time, turns wholly into Rufi, unlefs preferv'd from the Air by Paint or Varnifti. See Iron, Painting, &c.

Rustic Gods, in Antiquity, Dii Rufiici, were the Gods of the Country ; or thofe who prefided over Agriculture, &c. See God, &c.

Varro invokes the twelve Dii Confentes, as the principal among the Rufiic Gods; viz. Jupiter, Tellus, the Sun, Mwn, Ceres, Bacchus, Rubigus, Flora, Minerva, Venus, Lympba, and Good Luck.—Bebdes thefe twelve Arch-Rufiic Gods, there were an- In- finity of leiTer ones. As Pales, Vertumnus, Tutel'ma, Fulgar, Ster- culius, Mel/ona, Jugatinus, Collivus, Vallonia, Terminus, Syfoanus, and Priapus.—Striuvius adds, the Satyrs, Fauns, Sileni, Nymphs, and even Tritons ; and gives the Empire over all the Rufiic Gods to the God Pan. See Satyr, Faun, Sylvan, Nymph, Dry- adesj Panes, g^c.

Rustic, in Artichiteiture, a Manner of building in Imitation of Nature, rather than according to the Rules of Art. See Building and Architecture.

Rustic Work, is where the Stones in the Face, efr. of a Build- ing, inftead of" being f mooch, are hatch'd or pick'd with the Poinc of a Hammer.

Rustic-J^w'w, by Vitruvius call'd Lapides Mmenies^ See Rufiic-Qv oin.

Rustic Order, is an Order with Rufiic Quoins, Rufiic Work, <&c See Order.— Felibien fays, 'tis properly where the feveral Parts of the five Orders are not exaitly oblerv'd ; but this con- founds Rufiic with Gothic. See Gothic.

RUT, in Hunting, <&c. a Term ufed for the Venery, or Co- pulation of Deer.— for tbe Terms which obtain in rejpeci of other Beafis of Game, -with theNoiJe they make during the Act, fee Hunting.

The Rutting-time with the Hart begins about the middle of September, and holds two Months; the older they are, the better, and the more beloved by the Hinds ; and the earlier do they go to Rut.— At this Time they will turn Head, and furioufly make at any living Creature. 'Tis eafy killing them now; their whole Bufinefs being to fcent and purfue the Track of the Females; fcarce feeding at all. The young Herd are forced ro fly with great Precipitancy when the Hart comes in Sight of his Mace. If there be any other of Bulk, they will difputc it very hotly with their Horns.— As the Seafon expires, they withdraw and dig themfelves Holes wherein to lye to aflwage the ftrong Sa- vour of their Luft : When become a little Iweet, they return to ther Pafture, and live in Here's. See Hart-HvxriKG.

The Rutting or Tourning-time of the Roe-buck begins InOBo- ber, and only lafts 12 or 15 Days. This over, he cafts his Horns. See HEAD.—After the Hind is fill'd, (he keeps no more Com- pany with the Male 'till (lie be delivered,— But the Doe always accompanies her Paramour 'till her time approaches, when fhe retires, for the Mcty of her young, which he wou'd otherwife kill. See Roe-buck Hunting.

RYPTICKS, in Medicine, detergent Remedies. See De- tergent,— The Word is form'd of the Greek ^nrtu, to wine, cleanie.