Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/654

 RUL

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RUM

Again; if 3 Pounds be bought for 17;. how many will 1701. buy? Since as i-ji. is to 170*. fo are 3 Pounds to the Pounds required. The Number will be found thus:


 * T- 'I7Q'- ! - >3 it.

3

17) jio (30 a

If the given Terms be heterogeneous, i.e. have broken Num- bers among them, they don't bear the fame Proportion to each other) which the things they exprefs, bear.— They mud there- fore be reduced to homogeneous ones; or to the fame Denomi- nation as Pounds into Shillings, Shillings into Pence, &c. Hours into Minutes, &c. See Reduction.

E. gr. If 3 Pounds and 4 Ounces coft 21. t±d. what will 2 Pounds coft ? The Operation will be thus :

3 fc 4 § 2 ib 2 r. 4<r".

jtj r(5 12

52 32 28

a f 6

H |

52) 896 (17 <£ -jl of a Penny.

376 364

In many Cafes of Commerce and Accounts, we have more compendious Ways of working Queftions that come under the Rule of -Three, than by the .£»/<? it felf; which, by reafon of their expediting Practice, are cali'd Prance; and conftitute a particular Rule of themielves. See Practice.

Rule of Three inverfe^ is where the natural Order of the Terms is inverted. — As, if 100 Workmen build a Houie in 2 Years, in how long time will 200 Workmen build the fame ?

This is ufually confider'd by the Writers of Arkhmetick, and taught in the Schools, as a particular Rule : Being wrought by multiplying the firft Term 100 by the fecond 2, and dividing the Producl 200 by the third Term 200 ; the Quotient 1 is the Num- ber required.

But there is no neceffity for making a particular Rule for the Matter ; this coming naturally enough under the former, by on- ly ranging the Terms as the Nature of the Queftion requires.

Thus 'tis evident, that as the Number of Men 200, is to 100,

fo is the Space 2 Years, wherein 100 build the Houfe, to the

Space wherein 200 will build the fame. — Forthelefs Time, the

more Hands are required. The Queftion then will ftand thus :

200 M.— — — 100 M. 2 Y.

200) 200 (1 Year.

Rule of five Numbers, or Compound Rule of Three, is where two Rules of three are required to be wrought, e're the Number iought be found. — As it 300 /. in 2 Years yield 30 /. Intersil:, how much will 1000/. yield in 10 Years?

Here the firft thing to be done is to find by the Rule of Three, what Intereft 1000/. will give in 2 Years; and then by the fame Rule what it will give in io Years.

This is confider'd by the Writers, &c. of Arithmetick, as a particular Rule, but without any Neceffity; a double Operation iblving it better, as in this Example ■

300/. -'looo h ■ 30 Inc.

3 1 00) 300 [00 (100 Int.

% Y.l - — -12 100/.

2) 12000 (doo Int. But in Queftions of this Kind a iingle Rule of Three may do the Bufmefs : For 300 /. give the fame Intereft in two Years, which twice 300 give in one Year; and twelve times 1000 /. give the fame Intereft in one Year that 1000 gives in 12 : Omitting there- fore the Circumftances of Time, fay, if twice 300 (that is, 600) give 36 /. Intereft, (in one Year) what will 12 times 1000 (that is, 12000) give (in one Year) ?

600 1 2000 3 6

_?*

72000 36000

6 1 00) 4320 1 00 (720 J. Int.

Rule, in a monaftic Senfe, is a Syftem of Laws or Con- stitutions, whereby Religious Houfes are eftablifhed and regula- ted ; and which the Religious make a Vow to obferve at then- Entrance. See Religious, Monastery, Vow, &c.

The monaftic Rules are all to be approved of by the Pope, to make them valid.— The Rule of St. Benedift* is by fome Authors cali'd the Holy Rule. See Benedictin.

Thofe of St. Bruno, and St. Francis, are of all others the mofc auftere. See Carthusian and Franciscan.

When a Religious cannot fupporc the Aufterities of his Rule, he fues for a Difpenfation. See Dispensation.

Rule, in the Canon Law.— The Rule, de venjjimili Notitia, of probable Notice, renders all Provifions to a Benefice Vacant by Death, to be null; if it appear that from the Day of the De- ceafe, to the Day of the Date of the Provifions, or to the Day when the Courier arrives from Ram* there has not been Time fufficient for regular Notice of the Perfon's Deceafe to be con- veyed to the Pope. See Provision.

The Provifions are even null if it be proved the Courier fet out e're the Perfon was deceased. — This Rule is ftrictly obferv'd in France -j in other Countries the Pope finds frequent Occalions to difpenfe with it.

Rule of tiiwity Days, Regula vlginti diertim. By this Rule, if an Ecclefiaftick relign his Benefice ; to make the Refignation va- lid, the Refigner muft furvive its AdmilTion in the Court of Rome twenty Days. — If he dye before the Expiration of the twenty Days, the Refignation is void; and the Benefice becomes Va- cant by Death.

This Rule does not hold of the Provifions of ordinary Colla- tors, nor of fimple and pure Refigtiations into the Hands of the Ordinary ; but only in Cafe of Provifions of the Pope, diipatch'd on Refignations in Valorem. See Resignation.

This JcK/eanticntly extended to fuch as religu'd in Health as well as Sicknefi.— VopeBoniface reftrain'd it to the latter j whence it is commonly cali'd, Regula ds Infrmis refignantibm.

Regula de publkandis. By this Rule the Relignee of a Benefice, if he have a Provision from the Court of Rome, is obliged to publifh the Refignation and take Poffeilion within fix Months; or if. he have it from the ordinary Collator, within one Month. Otherwife, if the Refigner dye, the Refignation becomes null.

RUM, a Species of Brandy, or Spirit, drawn by Diitillation, from Sugar Canes. See Sugar, Spirit, Distillation, &c.

Rum is very hot and inflamable; and is in the fame ufe among the Natives of the Sugar Countries, as Brandy among us. See Brandy.

The Word Rum is the Name it bears among the Barbarians.

RUMB, Rumb, or Rhumb, in Navigation. See Rhumb.

RuMB-£iWj or Loxodroniia. See Rhumb-Low.

RUMEN, the firft Stomach of Animals which Chew the Cud; hence cali'd Rmninants. See Stomach and Ruminant.

The Food is tranfmitted into the Rumen without any other Al- teration in the Mouth, than being a little rowFd and wrap'd up together. See Food.

The Rumen is of all others much the largeft Stomach ; as being to contain both the Drink, and the whole crude Mais of Aliment, which there lie and macerate together; ito be thence remitted to the Mouth, to be chewed and comminuted, in order to their farther Digeftion in the other Ventricbs. S^e Digestion.

In the Rumen, or firft Ventricle of Camels, are found divers Sacculi, which contain a confiderable Quantity of Water; Which is an admirable Contrivance for the Necellities of that Animal, which living in dry Counrriesj and feeding on dry hard Food, wou'd be in danger of periihing, but tor thefe relervoirsof Wa- ter. See Drink, Thirst, &c.

RUMINANT, in natural Hiftory, an Animal which chews over again what it ha> eat before^ popularly cali'd cheating the Cud. See Rumination.

Joan. Con. Peyer has an exprciVfreatife de Ruminmiibus &Ru~ mmatione, where he fhews, that there are fome Animals which do really ruminate; fuch are Oxen, Sheep, Deer, Goats, Ca- mels, Hares, and Squirrels : Whereas others only appear to Ru- minate; which he calls RwninemUd fpuria ; of which Number are Moles, Crickets, Bees, Beetles, Crabs, Mullets, and feveral other Fillies.

This latter Clafs, he adds, have their Stomachs compofed of mufcular Fibres, by means whereof the Foad is groun'd up and down, much as in real Ruminants.

Ruminants, Mr. Ray obferves, are all Quadrupedal, Hairy, and Viviparous; fome with hollow and perpetual Horns, others with deciduous ones. See Quadruped, Hair, Horn, &c.

The horned Ruminants have all lour Stomachs, appropriated to the Office; viz, the %&&*» M«y&i) of slriftotle, the Venter Magnus, or what we call the Paunch or Inward, which receives the Meatflighrly chewed, retains it a-whtte, and then delivers it back again into the Mouth, which is what we call the Cud, to be re-chewed.— 2". The Ks^wpwAcs, or Reticulum, which we call the Honey-Comb, from its internal Coat being divided fo into Cells, hke. Honey-Combs.— ■$*, The &u«s, which Mr. Ray thinks hath been wrong tranilated, Omafus ; and which he chufes to call the Echinus: This being difficulc to clear, our People throw itaway, and call it the Manifold —^ . The H»«^w of Ariflotle, by Gaza cali'd the Abomafas. See Omasus, Abomasus, &c.

Again, all horned Ruminant Animals want the Denies Frimorer, or broad Teeth in the upper Jaw; and have that kind of Fat, cali'd Suet, Sebum, l,Ttx'„ which is harder and firmer, and lefs a- quiflable in them, than the Adeps of other Animals. See Fat, Serum, Adeps, &c.

RUMINATION, an Adion peculiar to a Clafs of Animals cali'd Ruminants j whereby they return the Food they have for- merly fwallow'd, to be chew'd over again, and render'd more fie for Chyle. See Ruminant.

Peyer defines Rumination a natural Motion of the Sto- mach, Mouth, and other Parts ^ By means of which the

Food