Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/652

 RUB

C 1035 )

RUD

others are inleparable from the Crown. Se« Kino. Crown, Grant, &c.

RUBARB, Rhabarbarum, in Medicine. See Rhubarb.

RUBBING. See Friction.

RUBIA Tmelorum, a Root or Drug popularly call'd Madder. See Madder.

RUBIFYING, in Cbymiftry, &c the aft of turning a thing Red by Force of Fire, &c See Red. See alio Ruby.

Red Arfenic is fuppofed to be no more than the common yellow Arfenick rubified by Fire, with the Addition of Nut or Olive-Oil. See Arsenic

The Word is form'd of the Latin, rubens, ruddy, and fio, I become.

RUBIGALIA, orRoBiGALiA, in Antiquity, a Feafl: cele- brated by the Romans in Honour of the God Rubigus, or the God- defs Rubigo; and .to engage thofe Deities to prelerve the Com from blatting. See Feast.

The Rubigalia were inflituted by Numa in the eleventh Y^ar of his Reign ; and were held on the 7th of the Calends of May, which is our 15th of April; being the Time when the blight or Mildew, call'd by the Latin: Rubigo, ufes to attack the Corn. See Rubigo.

Varro fixes it to the Time when the Sun enters the 16 th Degree of Taurus. — Indeed the true Time feems rather to have been on the 18th Day before the Equinox; viz.. the 28th of April; and rhe true Reafon, becaufe then Canicula, or the little Dog, lets ; which is elleem'd a malitic Conftellation.

Hence they facriiiced a Dog to Rubigo : Ovid fays, the En- trails ot a Dog, and thofe of a Sheep : Columella, only a fucking Puppy. Fejius infinuates, that the Victim muft be red.

RUBIGO, a Diieafe incident to Corn, popularly call'd the Sum, and fometimes Mildew See Smut and Mildew.

The Rubigo is a Species of Blight. See Blight.

RUBRICK, the Rules and Directions given at the Beginning, and in the Courfc of the Liturgy ; for the Order and Manner wherein the feveral Parts of the Office are to bepeiform'd. See Liturgy.

There are General Rubricks, and ■/pedal Rubricks, aRubrickfir the Communion, &c. — In the Romifb Miflal and Breviary axe.Ru- bricks for Matins, for Lauds, for Tranilations, Beatifications, Commemorations, &c.

They are call'd Rubrich; from the Latin, ruber, red; becaufe formerly printed in Red-hit, to diftinguifh them from the reft of the Office, which was in black ; as they ilill are in the Ro- m(h Miffal, &c.

The great Kubrick for the Celebration of Eafter, prefcribed by the Nicene Council, is to this Purriok.—Eafter-Day to be the Sunday which falls upon, or next after, the firft full Moon which immediately fucceeds the Vernal Equinox. See Easter.— Dr Walla has a particular Difcourfe on the antient Rubrich for the Seat of Eafter ; in the Philofoph. Tranfaclions.

Rubrics, in the Canon Law, is a Title or Article in certain antient Law-Books; thus call'd, becaufe wrote, as rhe Titles of the Chapters in our antient Bibles are, in red Letters. See Title.— You'li find fuch a Law under fuch a Rubrick.

RUBY, a red, fparkling Gem of the firft: Rank among pre- cious Stones. See Gem and Stone.

There are but two Places in the Eaft where the Ruby is found : The Kingdom of Pegu, and the Ifle of Ceylon.

The Mine in Pegu, where 'tis found in greateft Plenty, is in the Mountain Capelan, 12 Days Journey from Siren, the Reii- dence of that Prince. — The fineft Rubies brought hence don't exceed three or four Caracls; the King referving all the larger to himfelf.

In Ceylon, the Rubies are found in a River which defcends from the Mountains towards the middle of the Ifland : Some few are alfo round in the Ground. — The Rubies of Ceylon are ufually brighter and more beautiful than thofe of Pegu ; but they are rare ; the King of Ceylon prohibiting his People to gather them, orTrafKck with them.

There are Rubies alfo found in Europe, particularly Bohemia and Hungary; efpecially the former, wherein is a Mine of Flints of divers Sites, which upon breaking, arc fometimes found to con- tain Rubies as fine ana hard as any of the Eaflern ones.

Salmafim will have the Ruby to be the Hyacinth of the Anti- ents See Hyacinth.

The Greeks call it £*i£«r«, q. d. Refilling of the Fire. The Anticnts out of their Credulity and Superftition have attributed many Virtues to the Ruby; as, that it expels Poiibns, cures the Plague, abates Luxury and Incontinence, baniOies Sorrow, &c. See Gem.

They ufually only diftinguiih two Kinds of Rubies; the Ba- lafs and Spinelle. Some Authors, however, make four Kinds; tile Ruby, Rubacelle, Balafs and Spinelle.

'Tis the different Degree of Colour which makes their diffe- rent Value and Beauty. — The Balafs-Ruby is of a Vermeil-Role Colour ; the Spinelle of a Flame Colour. Tis laid the Inhabitants of Pegu have the Art of heightening the rednefs and brilliant of Rubies, by laying them in the Fire, and giving them a proper De- gree of Heat.

The Ruby is form'd in a ftony Subftance or Marcafite of a Rofe- Colour, call'd Mother of Ruby; it has not all its Colour and Lu- ftre at once ; but comes to it by Degrees. — At firft it grows whi- tifh, and as it approaches to Maturity, becomes red. Hence we have white Rubies; others, half white, half red; and others blue and red, call'd Saphir-Rubies.

When a Ruby exceed^ twenty Caracls, it may be call'd a Car-

buncle, the Name of an imaginary Stone, whereof the Antient! and Moderns have given usfo many Defcriptions. See Car- buncle.— They have feveral manners of counterfeiting Rubies; and have carried the Imitation to that length, that the moft able Lapidaries are fometimes over-feen.

Furetiere allures us, though the thing furpalTes all belief, that

there have been Rubies in France of 240 Carafts Tavernier tells

us, he faw one in the Indies of fifty Caracls, which he had a Mind to have bought. He adds, that the King of France has finer and larger Rubies than any of the Great Mogul.

The Value of Rubies from one Caraft, or four Grains, to ten Caracls, is given us in the DiBionnaire de Commerce, by a eood Hand. /. s. £

1 15 o

9 00 o

22 IO O

35 'S °

45 00 o

67 10 o

8.1 00 o

10S 00 o

A Ruby of one Caradl, is worth, Of two C. Of three C. Of fourC- Of five C. Of fix C. Of feven C. Of eight C.

Ol nine C. 150 00 o

Of ten C. 2i(i 00 o

Ruby, in Chymiftry, is a Name given to feveral Preparations of natural Bodies, becaufe of their red Colour; as, Ruby of Arfe- nick, &c. See Rubifying.

Ruby, in Heraldry, is the red Colour wherewith the Arms of Noblemen are blazon'd ; being the fame which in the Arms of others not Noble, is call'd Gules. See Colour, Gules, tire.

RUCTATION, Belching, a Vemofity arifing from Indi- geftion, and difcharging it fclf at the Mouth with a disagreeable Noife. See Flatulency.

There are Belches owing to Repletion, and others to Inani- tion, or Emptinefs.

Dr. guincy fays, Hypochondriac and Hyfteric People are par- ' ticularly liable to this Diforder— They are rather to be .cured

with proper Sromachicks, than Carminatives and hot Liquurs.

Burnet recommends the Iliac Pills of Rhafrs againft RuBalim.

RUDENTURE, in Architecture, the Figure of a Rope or Staff", fometimes plain fometimes carv'd, wherewith a third Pan of the Flutings of Columns are frequently filled up. See Flu- ting.

It is thus call'd from the Latin, rndens, Cable ; whence fome call it a Cabling ; and the Colums whofe Flutings are thus fill'd, rudented, or cabled Columns. See Column, Cabling, <&c.

There are alfo Rudentures in Relief, laid on the naked of Pilafters not fluted ; an Inftance of which we have in the Church of St. Sapienza at Rome.

RUDERATION, in Building, a Term ufed by Vttrinius for the laying of a Pavement with Pebbles or little Stones. See Pavement.

To perform the Ruderation, 'tis necelfiry the Ground be firft well beaten, to make it firm, and prevent its cracking.— Then a Stratum of little Stones are laid, to be afterwards bound together with Mortar made of Lime and Sand, call'd by Variivius, Statumen.

If the Sand be new, its Proportion to the Lime may be as 1 to 1 ; if dug out of old Pavements or Walls, as 5 to 2. See Mortar, &c.

Ruderation, Daviler cbiaves, is alfo ufed by Vitruvius, Lib. 7. Cap. 1. for the ccarfeft and moll artleis Kind of Mafonry; where a Wall is, as it were, cobled up. See Masonry.

RUDDER, in Navigation, a Piece of Timber turning on Hinges in the Stern of a Ship, and v. hich oppoling fometimes one Side to the Water, and lometimes another, turns or directs the Veflel this Way or that. See Ship.

The Rudder of a Ship is a Piece of Timber hung on the Stern- Pofts, by four or five Iron Hooks call'd Pintles, ferving, as it were, lor the Bridle of a Ship; to turn her about at the Plea- See Steering.

fure of the Steers-

The Rudder being perpendicular, and without-fide the Ship, another Piece of Timber is fitted into it at Right Angles, which comes into the Ship; by which the Rudder is managed and directed.— This latter is properly call'd the Helm, though the two are fometimes confounded, together. See Helm.

The Power of the Rudder is reducible to that of the Levr See Lever.

As to the Angle the Rudder mould make with the Keel- the Author of a late Book on the Working of Ships, ihews, that in order to flay or bear up the fooneft poffible, the Tiller of the Rudder ought to make an Angle ot near 55° with the Keel. See Sailing.

A narrow Rudder is beft for a Ship's failine, provided fhe can feel it, that is, be guided and turned by it; "for a broad Rudder will hold much Water when the Helm is put over to any Side : Yet if a Ship have a fat Quarter, fo that the Water cannot come quick and ftrong to her Rudder, fhe will require a broad Rudder. The aftermoft Part of the Rudder is call'd, the Rake, of the Rudder.

RUDDLE, or Reddle, a fort of red Chalk, found in di- vers Parts of England. See Chalk.

This ibme take for the Lapis Hematites. See Haematites.'

RUDIARIUS, in Antiquity, a Veteran Gladiator, who had got a Difcharge from the Service. See Gladiator.

He was thus called, becaufe, as a Mark of Difmiffion a Rod was put into his Hand call'd Rudis. See Rudis.

The Rudiaril were alfo call'd SpeSatoris. See Spectator.

12 G RUDI-