Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/651

 ROY

( i°34 )

ROY

A Rout t therefore, feems to be an unlawful AiTembly; and a Riot the diforderly Fad committed thereby. See Riot.

Two things, however, there are in common to Rout Riot, and unlawful Affembly .- The one, that there be at leaft three Perfons together ; the other, that, being together, they difturb the Peace, either by Words, fhew of Arms, turbulent Gefture, or actual Violence. See Unlawfv L-AJfembly.

Rout of Wolves, among Hunters, a Herd of thefe wildBeafts. See Hunting.

ROUTIER, in Navigation. See Ruttier.

ROWEL, among Farriers, a kind of Iflue, made by drawing a Skain of Silk, Thread, Hair, or the like, through the Nape of the Neck, or other Part of an Horfe ; anfwering to what in Chirurgery is call'd a Setm. See Seton.

The Rowelling of Horfesis a Method of Cure frequently had recourfe to in inward Strains ; efpecially about the Shoulders or Hips, as alfo for hard Swellings not eafy to be reiolved.

The Operation is thus.— A little flit being made through the Skin, about a handful below the Part aggrieved, big enough to- put a Swan's Quill in, the Skin is rais'd from the Flem, the end of the Quill put in, and the Skin blow'd from the Fleih upwards, and all over the Shoulder. — Then the Hole being ftop'd with ihe Finger, the Place blown is beaten with a Hazel-flick, and the Wind fpread with the Hand all over ; then let go.

This done, Horfe-hair, or red Sarfenet, half the thickncls of the little Finger, is put in a Rowell'mg Needle feven or eight Inches- long ; the Needle is put into the Hole, and drawn through again fix or feven Inches higher; then the Needle is drawn off, and the two ends of the Rowel tied together: Anointing it every Day, as well as before the putting it, with fweet Butter and Hog's Greale, and drawing it backwards and forwards in the Skin, to make the putried Matter difcharge it fclf more plentifully.

Others, difliking theie Rowel?, as making too great a Sore and Scar, ufe the French Rowel, which is. a round Piece of ttirf Leather, with a Hole in the midft; laying it flat between the Fleih and Skin, the Hole of the Rowel tuft againft that in the Skin; lowing it ia with a Needle and Thread, drawn through the Hole and the Skin; cleaning it once in two or three Days, and anointing it freih.

ROWING. See Oar, Boat, &c.

Rowing of Cloaths, is the fmoothing of them with a Roller, &c. See Roll.

ROYAL Fort. See Fort.

Royal Antler, among Hunters, exprelles the third Branch of the Horn of a Hart or Buck, that moots out trom the rear or main Horn above the Bayander. See Antler, Head, Hunt- ing.

Royal, Regal, fomething relating to a King. See King.

In this Sen{e we fay, the Royal Family, the Royal Bloody &c. See Blood, <&c.

In England, the Prince and Princefs of Wales, the King's Bro- ther, <&c. are addrefs'd under the Title of Royal Higbuefs. See Prince and Highness.

The Dutchefs of Savoy is called Madame Royal.

The Word is form'd from the Latin, Regalis, of Rex, King. See Regal.

Royal Crown, is that worn by Kings. See Crown.

This they alfo call Imperial Crown, being clcfed a-r.Op. See Imperial.

The Engli'h Crown is doled by Semicircles of Gold meeting at the Monde or Globe, on which the Crofs Hands ; and thofe Semicircles adorned with Croiles and Fleur-de-lii.es : The whole embellifhed with precious Stones.

A Royal Abby is an Abby founded by a King, or by a Prince who is fucceeded by a King. See Abby.

Royal Army is an Army marching with heavy Canon, capable of befieging a itrong, well fortified City. — 'Tis ufual to hang up a Governor who has the aflurance to hold out a pe;ty Place a- gainft a Royal Army.

The Royal Oak is a fair fpreading Tree at Bofcobel in the Parifh of Bonnington in Stajjord/bire, the Boughs whereof were all co- ver'd with Ivy ; in the thick of which King Charles II. fat in the Day time with Colonel Carelefs, and in the Night lodg'd in Bof- cobel-HouJe : So that they are miftaken who fpeak of it as an old hollow Oak j- it being then a gay flourifliing Tree, furrounded with many more.— The poor remains hereof are now fenced in with a handfome Wall, with this Infcription over the Gate in Gold Letters. — FaUpffmum Arborem %uam in Ajylum potentiffimi Regit Caroli II. Dcus op. max. per quern Reges regnant, hie crefcere voluit, Sec. Philofoph. Tranfact. N°. 310.

Roy AL-AJfent, is that AlTent which the King gives to a thing formerly done by others ; as, the Election of a Biihop by Dean and Chapter; or a Bill pafs'd in both Houfes of Parliament. See Bishop, &c.

The Royal AlTent in Parliament being given, the Bill is endors'd with thefe Words, Le Roy le veult ; that is, it pleafes the King.— If he refufes it, thus; Le Roy S'avifera, q. d. the King will advife upon it. See Bill, Parliament, &c.

RoYALFi/hes, are Whales and Sturgeons, and,fome add, Por- poifes too, which the King, by his Prerogative, is to have when- ever call on Shore, or wreck'd, in all Places of the Realm, un- less granted to Subjects by exprefs Words. See Fishes^

The King to have the Head and Body of the Whale to make Oil, ere. and the Queen the Tail to make Whalebone for her Garments. Stat. 1 Edw. I.

RoYAL-Exchange, the Burfe or Meeting-place of the Mer- chants in London. See Exchange.

It was firft built in 1566, at the Charge of Sir Thomas Gre- fhami and in a folemn Manner, by Herald with found of Trum- pet, in Prefence of Queen Elizabeth, proclaimed the Royal Ex- change.— Till that time the Merchants met in Lombard-fir eet.

'Twas built of Brick ; yet then efteem'd the moft fplendid Burfe in Europe.— An hundred Years alter its Building, at the great Fire, it was burnt down ; but foon rais'd again, in a ftill more magnificent Manner; the Expcnce thereof amounting to 50000 A

One half of this Sum was disburfed by the Chamber of Lon- don, the other by the Company of Mercers ; who, to reimburfe themfelves, let to Hire 190 Shops above Stairs, at 20 /. each; which with other Shops, &c. on the Ground, yield a yearly Rent of above 4000 /. yet the Ground it frauds on does not exceed

I Of an Acre ; Whence 'tis obierv'd to be much the richeft Spot of Ground in the World.

'Tis buiit Quadrangular, with Walks a-round, wherein the Merchants of the refpective Countries afibciate themfelves. In the middle of the Area or Court, is a fine marble Statue of King Charles [[. in the Habit of a Rowan Ca-jar ; erected by the So- ciety of Merchant Adventurers; the Wurkmamhip of Grinlin Gibbons. Around are the Statues of the leveral Kings fince the Norman Conqueft, ranged.

Royal Society, is an Academy, or Body of Perfons of eminent Learning; initituted by King Charles II. for the promoting of Natural Knowledge. See Academy.

This illuftrious Body had its original in an Affembly of ingeni- ous Men, who before the Reftauration met weekly in Wadbaw- College, in Oxford; at the Lodgings of Dr. Wilkins.

Afterwards, from about the Year 1658, many of them living fa London, held Meetings at Grejham-Colkdge ; till they were at length taken Notice of by the King, who was pleas'd to grant them an ample Charter, dated 22d of April, 1663 ; whereby they were created imo a Corporation, confiflingof aPrefdent, Coun- cil, and Fellows, for promoting the Knowledge of Natural Things, and ufefttl Experiments.

_ Their Manner of electing Fellows is by Balloting. Their Coun- cil are in Number 21, eleven of which are continued for the next Year, and ten more added to them, all chofen on St. An- drew's Day.

Each Member at his AdmiiTron fubferibes an Engagement, that he will endeavour to promote the Good of the Society ; from which he may be freed at any Time, by Ggnifying to the Pre- lident, that he ddires to withdraw.

The Charges are 40 s. paid to the Treafurer at admiilion; and

I I s. per Quarter, fo long as the Perfon continues a Member. Their Dcfign is to ,r make faithful Records of all the Works

£r of Nature or Art, which come within their reach ; fo that the " prefenc as well as after Ages may be enabled to put a Mark " on Errors which have been ftrengthened by iong Prefciiption, " to reftore Truths that have been neglected ; to pufli thole ai- " ready known to more various ufes ; to make the Way more ic palTablc to what remains unrevealed, &c.

To this purpofc they have made a great Number of Experi- ments and O bier vat ions, in moft of the Works of Nature; Eclipfes, Comets, Meteors, Mines, Plants, Earthquakes, Inun- dations, Springs, Damps, Subterraneous Fires, Tides, Currents, the Magnet, &c.

Numbers of more Hiftories of Nature, Arts, Manufactures, ufeful Engines, Contrivances.

The Services they have been of to the Publick are very great. — They have improved Naval, Civil, and Military Architecture ; advanced the Security and Perfection of Navigation; improved Agriculture; and put not only this Kingdom, but alfo Ireland) the Plantations, &c. upon Planting.

They have regifter'd Experiments, Hiftories, Relations, Ob- fcrvations, &c. reduced them into one common Stock; have from time to time pnbliflied fome of the moft immediate Ufe, under the Title of Phihfiphical TranfaBians, Sec. and laid the reft up in publick Regiiters, to be nakedly tranfmitted to Po- fterity, as a folid Ground-work for future Syftems. See Tran- sactions.

They have a Library adapted to their Inftirution; towards which the late Earl Marfhai contributed the Norfolaan Library; and a Mufeum ; or Repolitory of natural and artificial Rarities, given them by Daniel Colwal, Efq— Their Motto, Nullius in Verba.

Royal A\admy of Sciences, Sec. See Academy, <&c.

Royal Parapet, or Parapet of the Rampart, in Fortificati- on, is a Bank about three Fathoms broad, and fix Foot high, placed upon the Brink of the Rampart, towards the Country ; to cover thofe who detend the Rampart. See Rampire and Parapet.

ROYALTIES, Regalties, the Rights of theKing; other- wife call'd the King's- Prerogative, and the Regalia. See Prero- gative and Regalia.

Of thefe, fome the King may grant to common Perfons ;

others