Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/650

 ROU

Sphere is to the circumfcribed Cylinder, as ±d-4x to 4~x pbilofoph. TranfaS.

Rotation, Revolution, in Aftronomy. See Revolu- tion.

Diurnal Rotation. See Diurnal Rotation and Earth.

Rotation, in Anatomy, the Aflion of the Mufculi Rota- torts; or the Motion they give to the Parts they are fix'd to. See Rotator.

There are two Mufcles, the great and the little Ottawa, to perform the Rotation of the Eye.— The Obturator Interim and Externa, effea the Rotation of the Thighs. See Eye, &c.

ROTATOR, in Anatomy, a Name given the oblique Mufcles or the Eye; calfd alio Circulars and Amatorii. See Obliqui and Eye.

ROTHER-Beafls, a Word ufed in the old Statutes, and ftill in the Northern Parts of England, for horned Beafts, as Oxen, Cows, Steers, Heifers, &c.

Whence, Rotlxr-Soil, in Hereford/Lire, is taken fortheDungor Soil of fuch Cattle. See Manure.

Rother-Mk/t, are fuch as have a very full Head, and are ufed to fallen the Rudder Irons in Ships. See Nail.

ROTONDO, Rotundo, in Architefture, a popular Term for any Building that is round both within and without-fide; whether it be a Church, a Salon, a Veftible, or the like. See Building, &t.

The moll celebrated Rotondo of Antiquity is the Pantheon at Rome, dedicated to Cytele, and all the Gods, by Agrifpa, Son- in-law olAuguftus; but fince confecrated by Pope Boniface IV". to the Virgin, and all the Saints, under the Title of Sta. Maria delta Rotontlo. See Pantheon.

The Chapel of the Efcurial, which is the Burying-Place of the Kings of Spam, is alfo a Rotondo; and in Imitation of that at Rome, is alio call'd Pantheon. See Escurial.

ROTTENNESS, Putredo, See Putrifaction, &c.

ROTULA, in Anatomy. See Patella.

ROTULUS, a Roll. See Roll.

Rotulus amtrarwamm.— The Earl of Lancafter taking Part with the Barons againil King Ed-ward II. it was not thought fit, in refpeS of their Power, to call them Rebels or Traytors, but only ■ Contrarients : Accordingly, we have a Record of thofe Times Call d Rotulus-Contrarientium.

ROTULUS Wintoniae, an exa& Survey of all England, by Counties, Hundreds, and Tithings ; made by King Alfred; not unlike that of Domes-Day. See Domes-Day.

It was thus call'd becaufe antiently kept at Winchefler, among other Records of the Kingdom.

ROTUNDUS, in Anatomy, a Name given to feveral Muf- cles, from the roundnefs of their Body. See Muscle.

Such are the Rotundas Major, call'd alfo Teres Major ; and the Rotundas Minor, call'd alfo Teres Minor, and Tranfaerfatis ; which fee under their proper Articles.

ROUGE-Crofs, q. d. Red Croft, f ' c „ ROVGE-Dragou, q. d. RedDragon.i See \ PURSUIVANTS.

ROUGH, Roughness, in Mechanicks. See Friction and Resistence.

Rovon-Tafte. See Taste.

Rough- Cafiing. See Plaistering.

ROUL, or Roll, in the military Term.— Officers of equal Quality, who mount the fame Guards, and take Their turns in relieving one another, are faid to Roul. See Guard, &c.

ROULADE, in Mulick, a trilling or quavering. See Qua- vering.

ROUND, Rotundus, in Geometty. See Circle, Globe, Sphere, ef c.

Round, in Anatomy. See Rotundus.

Round, inMufick.— The Italians call b round, what we call b flat, and the French b Mol; and b Sauare, what we call b Jbarp. See Flat and Sharp, sire.

Round, is alfo a military Term, fignifying a Walk or Turn which an Officer, attended with fome Soldiers, takes in a Garri- fon or fortified Place, around the Ramparts, in the Night-time ; to liften if any thing be ftirring without the Works, and to fee that the Centriesare Watchful, and do their Duty, and all things in good Order.

In ftrid Garrifon, the Rounds go every Quarter of an Hour, that the Rampart may be furnilhed.— The Centries are to Chal- lenge at a Diilance; and to Rett their Arms as the Rounds pafs, and lee no one come near them.

When the Round is near the Corps de Garde, the Centry calls aloud, Who comes there ? And when the Anfwer is, the Rounds, he hys.ftand; then calls for the Corporal of the Guard, who draws his Sword, and calls alfo, Who comes there ? And when it is anfwered, the Rounds, he that has the Word advances and de- livers it to the Corporal, who receives it with his Sword point- ed at the Giver's Breaft. See Word.

Among Mafons, Rounds are the broken Pieces of Statues.

RouND-Hi«/a, in a Ship, is the uppermofl Room or Cabin on the Stern of a Ship, where the Matter lies. See Ship and Stern.

R-ovxD-Houfe is alfo a kind of Prifon, for the Nightly-Watch S* w Perfons in > '^ !*"? can be carried befor eaMagiftratc.

C I0 33 )

ROU

RovKD-Heads. See Whig and Tory.

A Round, in the Academies, is a circular Pifie or Tread. See Piste.

To Round a Horfe, is a general Term for all forts of Ma- nages upon a Round.— Hence, to round a Horfe upon a Trot, Gallop, &c. is to make him carry his Shoulders and Haunches roundly or compafily, upon a larger or fmaller Circle, without traverling or bearing to a Side.

ROUNDELAY, or Roundo, a kind of antient Poem, thus. call'd, according to Menage, from its form ; and becaule it (till turns back again to the firft Verfe, and thus goes round.

The common Roundelay conh&s of thirteen Verfes, eightwhere- of are lin one Rhime, and five in another.— 'Tis divided into Couplets ; at the end of the fecond and third whereof, the be- ginning of the Roundelay is repeated; if pollible, in an equivocal or punning Senfe.

The Roundelay is a popular Poem among the Fren.h, but little known among us.— Marofmd Voiture have fucceeried the belt in it.

Rapin obferves, that if the Roundelay be not very exquifite, 'tis ftark nought.— In all the antient Roundelays, Menage obferves, the Verfe preceding has a finilh'd Senle; ana yet joins agreeably with that of the Clofe; without depending neceffarily thereon. This Rule well obferv'd makes the Roundelay more ingenious; and is one of the Fineries of the Poem.

The Word is form'd from Round and Lay. See Lay.— The French call it Rondeau. The Spaniards Glofts.

ROUNDLET. See Runlet.

ROUNDNESS, Rotundity, in Phyficks. See Sphe- ricity.

ROUNDO, or Roundelay, in Mulick, a kind of Burthen or Ricorneilo; where the beginning of each Couplet is repeated ar the end thereof. See Ritornello.

ROUPIA, or Roupias, or Rupee, a Coin very current in the Territories of the Great Mogul, and feveral other Parts of the Eaft-Indies. See Coin.

Roupids are llruck both of Gold and Silver ; and both the one and the other have their Diminutions ; as Half-Roupias, Quarter^Roupias, &c.

The Gold Roupia is worth is. 6d. Sterl. The value of the Silver Roupia is various, according to its Quality, and the Place where 'tis coin'd. A general Obfervation is, that the Roupias are always Current for more; at the Place where they are ftruck, than elfe-where ; and the new Roupias for more than the old ones.— The reafon of this laft difference is, that the Indians being very fond of Silver, to fave it, ufe, as foon as they have got a few Roupias together, to hide them under Ground. To prevent which Inconvenience, tending to drain the Slate of Current Mo- nies, the Princes and Rajas ilrike new Roupias every Year, ftill augmenting the Value thereof without any augmentation of the Weight.

Betides this difference of new and old Roupias, thelndialis make thtee other ClaHis.— The firfl call'd Roupias Siceas, which at Ben- gal are worth a s. 1 1 d. Sterl.— The fecond, Roupias of Sural, worth 2S. tod. Sterl. — The third Roupias of Madder as, worth zs. 'cd. Sterl. All which is to be underuooa of the new Roupias.

As to the old ones, thofe of Madjeras are only Current at i s. lid. Sterl. Thofe of Sural at 2 r. and the Siceas at 2 s. 4 d. Yet at other Places, the Order and Prices vary : At Surat, thofe ftruck there have the firft Place; the Sicezsthe fecond; and thofe of Madderas the third. Along the Coaft of Coromandel, the Ma- deras have the firtt Place, and the Siceas the fecond, &c.

ROUSE up a Hart, among Hunters. See Hunting.

To Rouse, among Falconers, is when a tlawk lifts up and fliakes himfelf. See Hawk and Hawking.

To Rouse a Ha-wftr, or Cable, in the Sea Phrafe, fignifies to hale in Pan of the Hawfer or Cable, which lies flack in the Water. See Cable, &c.

ROUT, a pu Hick Road, Highway, or Courfe; efpecially that which military Forces take. See Road.

Sanfon and Qgiiby have made Maps of the Routs and Pott- Roads of France and England: Soldiers are prohibited going out of their Routs. — Routs are frequently cut in Parks, Forefts, &e. both for Ornament and the Conveniencies of Hunting. See Hunting.

Some ufe Rout for a Path cut a-crofs a Wood ; in oppofition to Way, which is a great Road. See Way.

Rout, in Navigation. See Course.

Rout is alfo ufed for the Defeat and Flight of an Army. See Defeat.

The Serjeants endeavour to rally the Soldiers in a Rout. See Rally.

The Word is form'd from the Latin, rupta, or rata; or the French, roux, an old Word for Horfe; or rather from the old Celtic, Rout, Road; figuratively ufed to fignify Example.— Me- nage has a learned Diflertation on the Word.

Rcut, in Law, is an Aflembly or Combination of three, or more Perfons, going forcibly to commit an unlawful Act ; the-' they do not perform it. See Assembly.

If they go, ride, or move forwards, after their Meeting, 'tis a a Rout, though they don't put their Purpofe in Execution ; if they do, 'tis a Riot. See Riot.

A Rout