Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/645

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'Spain, France, and Holland, that it is cut.— Roll Tobacco is what is ufed both for chewing and rafping. See Tobacco.

Roll, in Laiv 3 a Schedule of Paper or Parchment, which may be wound up by the Hand into the fafhion of a Pipe. See Schedule, &c.

Of thefe there are in the Exchequer feveral Kinds, viz. the great Wardrobe-Roll, the Cofferer's- Roll, the Subfidy-Roll, &c. See Pipe, i&c.

The Word is form'd from the Lathi Ratutut, or Rotulus, be- caufe moil Inflruments and Expeditions in Law were antiently wrote on Papers, or Parchments few'd or glued together : W hence the Words enroll, controll. See Enroll, Controll, © c.

ROLLS of Parliament, are the Manufcript Regifters or Rolls of the Proceedings of our antient Parliaments. See Parlia- ment, Register, &c.

Before the ufe of Printing, and till the Reign of Henry VII. our Statutes were all engrofied in Parchment, (and by virtue cf the King's Writ for chat purpofe) proclaimed openly in every County. See Act.

In thefe Rolls we have a great many Decifions of difficult Points of Law, which were frequently in former Times referr'd to the Decifion of that high Court. See Statute, Common* Law, &c.

Ridtr-RoLL, a Schedule, or fmall Piece of Parchment, fre- quently few'd or added to fome Part of a Roll, or Record.

No/ obferves that the Court ex officio, may award a certiorari adlnfirmaiidam Cmfcientiam; and that which is certified fhall be annex'd to the Record, and call'd a Rider-Roll,

Roll, in the Cuftons, is a Lift ot the Names of feveral Perfons of the fame Condition, or enter'd in the fame Engage- ment—Thus,

Court Roll, in a Manner, is that wherein the Names, Rents, and Services of each Tenant are copied and enrolled. See Court, Manor, Tenant, Rent, Service, (&c.

Mufler-Roll, that wherein are enter'd the Soldiers of every Troop, Company, Regiment, &c Sec Muster.

As ibon as a Soldier's Name is wrote clown on the Roll, 'tis Death for him to defert. See Desertion.

Cahes-Head-RoLL, is a Roll in the two Temples, wherein every Bencher is tax'd yearly at 2 s. every Barrifter St is, 6 d. and every Gentleman under the Bar, at 1 s. to the Cook, and other Officers of the Houfe, in Confideration of a Dinner of Calves- Heads, provided in Eajler Term. See Temple.

jRrigJWtfK's-RoLL, or Ragimund's-R.OLL, is a Roll denominated from Ragimund a Legate in Scotland, who calling before him all the People who held Benefices in that Kingdom, caufed them upon Oath to give in the Value of their Eftates; according to which they were afterwards tax'd in the Court of Rome.

Rolls, or Office of the Rolls, in Chancery-Lane, London, is an Office appointed for the Cuftody of the Rolls and Records in Chancery. See Chancery, Record, &c.

The Mafler of this Office is the fecond Perfon in that Court; and in the Abfence of the Lord Chancellor, fits as Judge. See Master of the Rolls.

This Houfe or Office was antiently call'd Domus Comterjofam; as being appointed by King Henry III. for the ufe of converted Jews; but their Irregularities occafioned King Edward 111. to expell them thence,- upon which the Place was deputed for the Cuftody of the Rolls. See Conversorum.

JL Roll of Parchment, is the Quantity of fixty Skins. See Parchment.

Roll, in Antiquity. — From the Time of Avaflafus, we find in the Hands of the Emperors, on Medals, a kind of narrow long Roll, or Sachell, the meaning whereof has puzted the An- tiquaries.

Some imagine it to be a Roll or Bundle of Papers, Memoirs, Petitions, &c. prefented occasionally to Princes and Confuls. — ■ Others take it to be a plaited Handkerchief, which the Perfons who prefided at the Games, caft forth as a Signal for their begin- ning.— Others will have it a Bag of Dufi and Afhes, prefented the Emperor at the Ceremony of his Coronation, and call'd AKAKIA, q- d. a Means of preferving Innocence, by the re- membrance of Duft, <&c. See Acacia.

Roll, or Roller, is alfo a Piece of Wood, of a cylindrical Form, ufed in the Conftruction of feveral Machines, and in fe- veral Works and Manufactures; though fometimes under other Names. See Rolling, Cylinder, &c.

'Tis on fuch Rolls that the Woollen, Silken, and other Threads are wound, whereof the Weaver's Works confift. — For which end each Loom has ufually two, that of the Gawfe- Weavers, three. See Loom.

In the Glafs Manufacture they have a running Roll, being a thick Cylinder of caft Brafs, ferving to conduct the melted Glafs to the end of the Table whereon large Looking-GlalTes, &e. are to be caft. See Glass-Work.

The Founders ufe a Roller to work the Sand which they ufe in making their Moulds. See Foundery.

The Preffes call'd Calenders, as ferving to Calender Stuffs withal, conuft, among other eflential Parts, of two Rollers. See Calender.

'Tis alfo between two Rollers that the Waves are given to Silks, Mohairs, and other Stuffs proper to be tabled. See Tabby.

Prints, or Impreffions from Copper-Plates, are alfo taken by' paffing the Plate antfcthe Paper between two Rollers. See Print, and RoLLiNG-Prp/3-Pri»?f'»g.

Rolls, in Coining, are two Iron Inftruments of a cylindri- cal Figure, which ferve to draw or ftretch out the Plates of Gold, Silver, and other Metal; whereof the Planks or Pieces are to be form'd for the Species. See Coining.

Rolls, in Printing, are two large Cylinders or Barrels of Wood, faftened in the middle of what they call the Cradle or Gallows of the Prefs; and which by means of a Cord, or Girt, palling over each, and a Handle, which gives Motion to one of them, draws the Carriage of the Prefs backwards and forwards^ See Printing.

Rolls, in the Sugar- Works, are two large Iron Barrels which ferve to bruife the Canes, and exprds the Juice.

They are caft hollow, and their Cavities hll'd up with Wood; the Cylinders of which are properly the Rollers. See Sugar- Works.

Rolls, or Rollers, among Carpenters, Mafons, drc. are plain Cylinders of Wood, feven or eight Inches in Diameter, and three or four Foot long; ufed for the removing of' Beams, huge Stones, and other like Burthens, which are cumberfome, but not exceeding heavy.

Thefe Rollers are placed fucccffively under the Fore-part of the Maffives to be removed; which", at the fame rime, a;epufh'd forwards by Levers, <&c. applied behind. See Lever.

Mndlefs-Rok'LS. — When Blocks of Marble, or ether exceffiye heavy Loads are to be removed,- they uie what they call End- kfs-Roils.

Thefe, to give them the greater Force, and prevent their burfttng, are made of Wood jointed together by Crois-Quarrers, are about double the length and thickneis of the common Rolhr; and befides, are girt with feveral large Iron Hoops at each end. — At a Foot's Diftance from the Ends are fourMortaifes, or ra- ther only two, but pierced through and through; fata which are put the Ends of long Levers, which the Workmen draw by Ropes faftened to the Ends.; ftill changing the Mortaife, as the Roll has made, a Quarter of a Turn.

RoLL-Ricb-Stones, in Antiquity, a Series of huge Stones, ran- ged in a Circle, near Morton in-Marjb, in Oxfordshire.

There are a World of fabulous Traditions about them. — A- mong the Antiquaries, fome take them to be a Monument of a Victory;; others a Burying-Place; and others a Place for the Co- ronation of the Danijo Kings.

ROLLER. See Roll.

ROLLING, Revolving, in Mechanicks, a kind of circu- lar Motion, wherein the Moveable turns round its own Axis, or Centre, and continually applies new Parts of its Surface to the Body it moves upon. See Motion, Revolution, Axis, &c.

Such is that of a Wheel, a Sphere, or the like.— Such, parti- cularly, arc the Motions of the Earth, the Planets, d c. See Wheel, Planet, Earth, &c.

TheMotion 0? Rolling isoppofed to that ofSfidrng, wherein the fame Surface is continually applied to the Plane it moves along. See Sliding.

It muft be noted, that in a Wheel, 'tis only the Circumfe- rence that properly Rolls; the reft proceeds in a compound, an- gular Kind of Motion, and partly Rolls, partly Slides.— The not diftinguifhing between which two, occalioned the difficulty of that celebrated Problem the Rota Arifloteiica> Arifiotle's Wheel. See Rota Anffotefoa, and Angular-ATc/wk.

The Friction of a Body in rolling, or the Refiftance made to it by the roughncis of the Plane it moves on, is found to be much Iefs than the Friction in Sliding- See Friction.

Hence the great ufe of Wheels, Rolls, &c. in Machines j as much of the Action as poffiblc being laid thereon, to make the Refiftance the lefier. See Wheel, Machine, <&c.

For the Laws of Bodies rolling on inclined Planes, fee Inclined- Plane, Descent, &c.

RoLLVXG-Prefs-Prbiting. See Printing.

ROMAN, fometbing belonging to the City of Rome.

The Roman Commonwealth lafted from the Expulsion of the Tarquins, to the Battle of Pharfalia, 460 Years.— The Roman E???pire, from Julius Co-far and the Battle of PfsptfaHa, to Conftautine, and the taking of Conftantimple by the Turks in 330. lafted 378 Years. See Commonwealth, Empire, &e.

A Roman Citizen, at firit, wa; only a Citizen of Rome; at length the Right of Citizenfhip was given to other Cities and People, both in Italy and the Provinces.— 'T was thus St. Paul was a Roman Citizen, AcJsxvl 21. 37, 38. xxti. 25, 2.6, 27. xxxiii. 27. the City of Tarfus in Cilicia, a Native of which he was, having the Right of Roman Citizens. Sec Citizen.

For the Roman Senate, their Magiftracy, Covfuls, Soldiery, Tribes, Courts, Nam?s, Weights, Meafures, Coins, and other Matters rela- ting to the Antiquities of that People, their Policy, Religion, Law, Cufloms, &c. fee the reipective Articles in this Work.

The Roman Purple is the Dignity of a Cardinal. See Car- dinal.

The Roman, or, Romijh Church, that whereof the Pope is Head; inoppofition to the reformed Churches. See Church, Pope, &c.

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