Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/637

 RIG

( I020 )

RIN

The Quantity or Meafure of a Right Angle is a Quadrant of a Circle, or 90 .— Alt Right Angles therefore are equal. See Angle.

Oblique- Right- Angled, is underftood of a Figure when its Sides are at Right Angles, or ftand perpendicularly one upon another. See Figure.
 * In this Senfe the Word Right {lands oppofed to Oblique. See

This fometimes holds in all the Angles of the Figure, as in Squares and Rectangles : Sometimes, only in Part, as in Right-angled Triangles.

Right Sine. See Sine.

The Word here ftands contradiftinguiflied to verfed. See Versed. ,

Right Sphere, is that where the Equator cuts the Horizon at Right Angles. See Sphere.

Or, Right, or Diretl Sphere, is that wherein the Poles are in the Horizon, and the Equator in the Zenith* See Sphere.

Such is the Pofition of the Sphere with regard to thofe who live directly under the Equator. — The Confequences hereof are, that they have no Latitude nor Elevation ot the Pole. — They can fee nearly both Poles of the World ; all the Stars rife, cul- minate, and let with them, and the Sun always rifes and de- fcends at right Angles to their Horizon, and makes their Days and Nights equal. See Latitude, Star> Rising, Day, Night, &c.

In a Right Sphere the Horizon is a Meridian ; and if the Sphere be fuppofed to revolve, all the Meridians fucceffivcly become Horizons, one after another. See Horizon, &c.

Right Afcenfon, of the Sun, or a Star, is that Degree of the Equinoctial, accounted from the beginning of Aries, which rifes with it in a Right Sphere. See Ascension.

Or, Right Afcenfion, is that Degree and Minute of the Equi- noctial, counted as before, which comes to the Meridian with the Sun or Star, or other Point of the Heavens. See Sun, Star.

The Reafon of thus referring it to to the Meridian, is, be- caufe that is always at Right Angles to the Equinoctial, whereas the Horizon is only fo in a Right or direct Sphere. See Sphere.

Two fix'd Stars which have the fame Right Afcenfion, i. e. are at the fame Diftance from the firft Point of Aries in a Right Sphere,- or, which amounts to the fame, are in the fame Meri- dian, rife at the fame time : If they be not in the fame Meridi- an, the Difference between the time when they rife is the precife Difference of their Right Afcenfion.— In an oblique Sphere, where the Horizon cuts ail the Meridians obliquely, different Points of the Meridian never.rife or fet together.; fo that two Stars on the fame Meridian never rife or fet at the fame time ; and the more Oblique this Sphere, the greater is the interval of time between them. See Rising, Setting, Height, &c.

Right Sailing, is when a Voyage is perform'd on fome one of the four Cardinal Points. See Sailing and Cardinal, Point.

If a Ship fail under the Meridian ; that is, on the North or South Points, fhe varies not in Longitude at all,- but only changes the Latitude, and that jult fo much as the Number of Degrees me hath run. See Latitude.

If a Ship fail under the Equinoctial, upon the very Eaft or Weft Points, fhe alters not her Latitude at all, but only changes the Longitude, and that juit fo much as the Number of De- grees fhe hath run. See Longitude.

If fhe Sail directly Eaft or Weft, under any Parallel, fhe there alfo altereth not her Latitude, but only the Longitude; yet not according to the Number of Degrees of the great Circle (lie hath failed in, as under the Equinoctial, but more according as the Parallel is remoter from the Equinoctial towards the Pole . For the lefs any Parallel is, the greater is theDifference of Lon- gitude. See Rhumb.

Right Circle, in the Stereographical Projection of the Sphere, is a Circle at Right Angles, to the Plane of Projection, or that which paffed through the Eye. See Circle, Projection and Stereographic.

Right, Rettum, in Logicks, Ethicks, &c. See Recti- tude.

In this Senfe the Word ftands oppofed to Wrong, "Erroneous, Falfh &c. See Error, Falshood, drc.

Right, Jus, in Law, fignifies not only a Property, for which a Writ of Right lies; but alfo any Title or Claim, either by Vir- tue of a Condition, Mortgage, or the like, for which no Action is given by Law, but only an Entry, See Property.

Thus is Jus Proprietatis, a Right of Propriety: Jus Poftjjio- nis, a Right of PoiTefTion: And Jus Proprietatis & Pojfejfionis, a Right both of Property and Pofleffion. See Possession, &c. This was formerly called Jus duplkatum.— As, if a Man be diffdfed of an Acre of Land, the Diffeifee hath Jus Proprietatis ; the DifTeifor hath Jus PoJfeJJtoms, and if the Diffeifee releafe to the Diffeifor, he hath Jus Proprietatis & Pojfejfionis. Writ of Right. See Rectum. Right in Court. See Rectus in Curia. Right the Helm, a Sea Phrafe, ordering to keep the Helm even with the middle of the Ship. See Helm,

RIGIDITY, among Philofophers, a brittle-haidnefs; or that kind of hardnefs fuppofed to ariie from the mutual Indentation of the component Particles within one another. See Hard- ness.

Rigidity is oppofed to Ductility, Malleability, e c See Duc- tility.

RIGOL, a kind of mufical Inltrument, confuting of feveraj Sticks bound together, only feparated by Beads.— It makes a to- lerable Harmony, being well ftruck with a Ball at the End of 3 Stick.

RIGOR, in Medicine, a convulfive Shuddering, from Cold, or an Ague Fit. See Horror, Fever, Ague, &c. RILL, or Rivulet. See River.

RIM, in a Watch or Clock, the Circumference, or circular Part of a Wheel. See Wheel, Watch, Clock, &c.

RIMA, laterally denotes a Future or Chink.— Hence it is ap- plyed to feveral Parts of the Body, that bear a Refemblance thereto; as the Rima Pudsndi, Gr FiJJura Magna, the fame with the Vulva; Rima Laryngis, is the Aperture of the Larynx» caird the Glottis. See Glottis, <&c.

Rima, is alfo ufed for a narrow Aperture of a fmall Cavity under the Fornix, opening into the Infundibulum • caird alfo ths third Ventricle of the Brain. See Brain and Ventricle. RIME, Rhime, or Rhyme. See Rhyme. RIND, the Skin of any Fruit that may be cut off, or pared. See Skin, Fruit, &c.

The outer Coat of the Chefnut, fet with prickles, is particu- larly called the Urchin-like Rind.

Rind, is alfo us'd for the Ble, or inner Bark of Trees,- or that foft, whitifh, juicy S^bftance, auhering immediately to the Wood. See Tree and Wood.

Through this it is that the Sap, in the modern Theory of Ve- getation, is fuppofed to return from the Extremities of the Bran- ches to the Root; the Veffels hereof being fuppofed to do the Office of Arteries; whence Mr. Bradley calls them Arterial Vef- fels. See Bark. See alfo Plant and Vegetation.

RING, Annulus, a little moveable, put on the Finger, either by way of Ceremony, or of Ornament. '

The Bifliops Ring makes a Part of the Pontifical Apparatus; and is efteemed a Pledge of the fpiritual Marriage between the Bifhop and his Church. See Bishop.

The Epifcopal Ring is of very antient ftanding. — The fourth Council of Toledo, held in 63 5, appoints, that a Bilhop condemn- ed by one Council, and found afterwards innocent by a fecond, fhall be reftored, by giving him the Ring, Staff, &c.

From Bifliops, the Cuftom of the Ring has pafs'd toCardinals, who are to pay, I know not what Sum, pro Jure annuli Cardina- litii. See Cardinal.

As to the Origin of Rings. —Pliny, lib. xxxviii. Chap. 1. obferves, that we are in the aark as to [he Perfon who firft invented, or wore the Ring; for that what is faid of Prometheus, as alfo of Midas's Ring, are Fables. The firft among whom we find the Ring in ufe, are the Hebrews, Gen. xxxviii. where Judah, Jacob's Son, gives Thamar his Ri?ig or Signet, as a Pledge of his Promife; But the Ring appears to have been in ufe at the fame time among the Egyptians, from Gen. xli. whe;5 Pharoah puts his Ri?ig upon Jofeph's Hand as a Mark of the Power he gave him. And in the third Book of Kings, Chap. xxi. Jezebel feals the Warrant me fent for the killing of N.ihth, with the Kings Rhtg.

The antient Caldeans, Babylonians, Perfmns and Greeks, had likewife the ufe of the Ring-^ as appears from feveral Pafiages in Scripture, and from §u'mtus Curtius, who tells us, that Alexan- der feal'd the Letters he wrote into Europe, with his own Seal; and thofe into Ada with Dant/s's Ring,

The Pcrfians will have Gniamfcbild the fourth King of their firft Race, to have firft introduced the Ring, to feal his Letters and other Acts withal.— The Greeks, Pliny thinks, knew nothing of the Ring in the time of theTrojan War: The Reafon he give's is, that we find no mention thereof in Homer, but that when Letters, &c. were to be fent away, they were tied up, and the Strings knotted.

The Sabins had Rings in Romulus's time,- and 'tis to them, pro-' bably, the Practice firft came from the Greeks ; and from them pafs'd to the Romans; though 'twas fome time ete it got footing there. — Pliny cannot learn which of the Kings of Rome firft adopted it ; but there are no Signs of it in any of their Statues, before thofe of Numa, and Servhts Tullius. He adds, that it was in ufe among the antient Gauls and Britons. See Seal.

As to the Matter of Rings.— There were fome of one fingle Metal, and others ot a Mixture, or of two. For the Iron and Silver were frequently gilt; or at leaft the Gold was inclofed with- in the Iron, as appears from Arthnidorus, lib. ii. cap. 5

The Romans were contented with Iron Rings a long time; and Pliny afTures us, that Marius firft wore a Gold one in his third Confulate, which was in the Year of Rome 650. Sometimes the Ring was Iron, and the Seal Gold ; fometimes 'twas hollow, and fometimes folid; fometimes the Stone was engraven, and fometimes plain; and the Graving fometimes in Relievo, and fometimes in Crcux * The iaft call'd Gemma Eclypa ; the firft, Gemmae Sculptura prominente.

As to ths Manner cf wearing the Ring. — It has been various : From Jeremy, Chap. xxii. it appears that the Hebrews wore it on the

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