Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/629

 REV

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REV

'Hollands at three Millions. — For more Particular! of this Kind, fee Political Arithmetic.

Revenue, in Hunting, a Mefs of Flefh* formed chiefly of a Clutter of whirifh Worms on the Heads of Deer, and occafi- oning them to call their Horns, by gnawing the Roots thereof. See Head, Horn, &c. The Revenue diftill'd, is faid to help Women in Travel. Revenue is alfo ufed for a new Tail of aPartridge, growing out after the lofs of a former. — The Revenue is mealured by Fingers. Thus we fay, a Partridge of two, three, four Fingers Revenue.

The Word Revenue is French, form'd from revenir, to return. —Whence Revenue is fometimes ufed in ancient Authors for a Return: As the Revenue of Eafter. See Return.

REVERBERATION, in Phy licks, the Ait of a Body re- pelling or reflecting another, alter its unpinging thereon. See Reflection.

In the Glafs- Men's Furnaces, the Flame reverberates, or bends back again, to fcorch the Matter on all Sides.

Echo's are occafioned by the Reverberation of Sounds from arch'd Obstacles. See Echo.

The Word is form'd from the Latin, re and verbero, I beat again.

Reverberation and Refdition refer to the fame Action; only the one to the Agent, the other to the Patient.— A polifhed Bo- dy reverberates the Rays all around : The Refdition of the Rays does not arife from their ftriking againft the folid Parts of Bo- dies. See Resilition and Reflection.

Reverberation, in Chymiitry, a kind of Circulation of the Flame, by means of a Reverberatory ; or the return of the Flame from the top of the Furnace, back to the, Bottom. See Reverberatory.

Reverberation is of two Kinds.— The firft with a clofe Fire j that is, in a Reverberatory Furnace, where the Flame has no Vent a-top ; being cover'd with a Dome, or Capital, which repels its Action back on the Matter, or the VelXel that contains it, with iocreafed Vehemence.

After this Manner are Refining, the Diftillation of acid Spirits, &e. perform'd. See Distillation and Refining.

Reverberation with an open Fire, is that performed in a Furnace or Reverberatory whofe Regifters are all open; chiefly ufed in Calcination. See Calcination, Air, dre.

REVERBERATORY, or Reverberating Furnace, is a Chymical Furnace built clofe all around, and cover'd a-top with a Capital of Bricks or Tiles, fo as not to give any Vent to the Heat or Flame, but to determine it to Reverberate or turn back from the Brick Work with new Force, upon the Matters placed at Bottom. See Reverberation.

When the Fire has no Vent or Paffage a-top, 'tis a whole Re~ Sides clofe, fo that there is only a half Circulation of the Flame, 'tis call'd a half Reverberatory.
 * verberatory; when the middle of the Capital is open, and only the

The reverberating Furnace is chiefly ufed for the Fufion of Metals, and Minerals, and other Occafions where the molt in- ten'e Heat is required, as in Allaying, &c. Whence it is alfo called the Melting Furnace, and A jfayi?tg Furnace. See Furnace, Fire, Fusion, Assay, &c.

REVEREND, a Title ot Refpect given to Ecclefiafticks. See Title and Quality.

The Religious Abroad are call'd Reverend Fathers; Abbefies, Prioreffes, &c. are call'd Reverend Mothers. See Abbot, Re- ligious, &c.

With us, Bifliops are Right Reverend, and Archbifliops Mofi Reverend.~ln France their Bifliops, Archbifhops, and Abbots, are all alike ReverendiJJimo's, mofi Reverends. See Bishop, &c.

REVERIE, a Term purely French, yet now frequently ufed in Englifb.

It fignifies, lirterally, a Delirium, Raving, or Diffraction. See Delirium.

Thus we fay, 'tis an ill Sign when the Patient falls into a Re- verie.

Hence it comes, likewife, to be ufed for a ridiculous, extra- vagant Imagination, Action, or Proportion ; a Chimera or Vifion. — Thus we fay, Authors obtrude abundance of their Reveries up- on us for folid Truths.

But its moft ordinary ufe among Fnglijb Writers is for a deep, diforderly Mufing, or Meditation; equivalent to what we popu- larly call a Broun-fludy.—Thus; A little Di (tradition I would al- low, - but for rhat continued Seiies of Reveries fome People are guilty of, who are ever abfent from the Place where you fee them, and are never prefent any where; 'tis inexcufable.

REVERSE, in Law, &c— To Reverfe, reverfer, Genifies to undo, repeal, or make void. See Repeal, Annul, ere.

"The Word is formed of the Latin, re, again* and verfus, turn'd.

Reverse, of a Medal, Coin, &c. is the fecond, or back-fide; in Oppofition to the Head or principal Figure. See Coin, Me- dal, &c.

F. Chamillarty ajefuit, has an exprefs Diflertation on this Point, whether or no the Reverfes of Medals have always a Re- gard to the Emperor's or Emperefs's whofe Heads are reprefent- cd on the Front Side of the Medal ? He fays a that till of late the

Antiquaries have made no doubt of it j but that there are now feveral Authors of another Opinion.

Reverse, in Fencing, a Back-ftroke. See Guard, Fen-

ClNGi &c

REVERSED, in Heraldry, a thing turned backwards, or up- fide-down.

Reversed Talon, in Architecture. See Talon.

REVERSING, or Renversing, in Mufic, the inverting of the Order of the Parts ; that is, the placing of the higher Part or Treble, in the room of the lover Part or Bafs. See Part, Bass, Treble, &c.

Reverfng is frequently practiced in figurative Counterpoint, where the Bais ferves as Treble; and the Treble, at the fame time, as Bafs ; and all this, in inch manner, as that the Harmo- ny- though very different, is yet as correct as before the rever- fmg, when the Parts were in their natural Order.

To know how to difpofe the Parti, fo as the reverfng mayn't do any Damage, is a fecret, whereon M. Brojjard has promis'd a Treatife exprefs.

A reversed Figure, ot Cotmterfugue, call'd by the Italians, per con- trarii movement}, is when the Guida falls; and the other initead of imitating in falling, imitates in rifiug ; or a Figure per Arfn and The fit. See Arsin.

REVERSION", in Law, is defined by Coke, a returning of Lands, c?c into the Pcfteflion of the Donor, or his Heirs; af- ter the Expiration of the Term for which they were given or granted. See Donation, &c.

The Word has a double Acceptation. — The firft is, Jus re- vert endi cum flatus Fojjbjjionis defecerit, which is no more than an Intereft in the Land, when the Occupation or Pofleffion of it fliall fall.

The fecond is, when the Poffeifion and Efhte, which was parted with for a time, ceafeth, and is determ.ncd in [he Perlbns of the Alienees, Aihgnees, Grantees, or their Heirs.; oreftectu- ally returns to the Donor, his Heirs- or Alligns, whence it was derived.

This is the molt proper Signification of the Word, which is derived from Reverter : Ft apte did nan potejl Reverjio Ante^nam revvrtatiir infaclo. Littlet.

The Difference between a Reverfon and a Remainder confiftj in this, that a Remainder is general, and may remain or belong- to any Man but him that granteth or conveyetb the Land, &c. See Remainder.

Whereby a Reverfon is to himfelf, from whom the Convey- ance of the Land, &c. proceeded, and is commonly perpetual, as to his Heirs alia— And yet fometimes Reverfon is confound- ed with Remainder.

For the Values of Reverfons, or Eftates in Reverfon, the little Book of Tables for renewing and purchafing College, and Church- Lcafes, printed at Cambridge in 1700, and recommended by Sir Jfaac Helton, furnifhes us with a very ufeful Table, which f hews what one Pound due at the end of any Number of Years to come, not exceeding 40, is worth in ready Money, at 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 12 per Cent. per. Ann.

Suppofe, it required, what il due a Year hence, is worth in ready Money: To find this by the common Operations, the Me- thod is this.— Let 100/. with the Intereft of a Year added to it, be the firft Term in die Rule of Three; 100/. the fecond, and 1 1, the third j (for as 100/. with its Intereft going on to the end of the Year, is to a bare 100 /. then due : So mult 1 /. with its growing Intereft, be to the Decreafe of 1 /. at the Years end) then, at 61. e. gr. and 10 /. per Cent, the Work will Hand thus :

As, 106. 100 : : 1 . . 94339, or 181. 10 d. £. 110 . 100 : : 1 . . 90909, or i8x. 2d.

Whence it appears, that 1 /. due a Year hence, at 6 I. per Cent, is worth i$s. jod. %', and at 10 per Cent, to i8r. 2 d. So that i%s. 10 d. £. ready Money, is worth 20 s. to be paid a Year hence at 6 perCmt. 5 and i8r. 2d. ready Money, is worth 20s. to be paid a Year hence at 10 per Cent. See Interest.

But this Table fhonens the Work.— To find by it how to re- new a Leafe of 21 Years, that hath but one Year laplcd, at the Rate of 10 per Cent' look into the fame, and under the Rate of Intereft mentioned, and right againft 21 Years, in the com- mon Angle of meeting, you have zs. 8 d. f. which is the Fine to be paid to renew one Year lapfed in the laid Leafe ,• fuppofing the Rent to be 1 /. per Annum. For it is 21 Years e're the Leafe is compleated, in which time the Fine of %s. 8 d. \ % will amount to 20 s. and therefore by paying that Fine, the Leafe may fairly be made up again.

Suppofe again, an Eftate in Fee-fimple, whofe real Value is 100/. but mortgaged, or,Leafed out for 20 Years; what is the Reverfon of it now wor^h at 61. per Cent. Intereft? — By the Ta- ble you find, that 1 /. to be paid 20 Years hence, is worth but 6s. id. \. and multiplying that by 100, you'l find 100 times 6s. is 30/. 00 j. ood. 100 times 2d. or 203d. makes 00/. 16 s. %d. and 100 times ■£■, or 30 nvkes 00/. 6s. %d. the Sum is 31/. 21. 1 id. which is the prefent Value of 100/. to be paid 20 Years hence.

A TABLE