Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/622

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For the Infufficicncy of a Bailiff of a Franchife, Refpondeat Su- perior, that is, tile Lord of the Franchife is to anfwer.

RESPONSAL1S, in Law, he who appears for another in Court at a Day affign'd.

Fleta makes this Difference between Refponfalis, Effoniator, and Attornatus : That the EJfiniator came only to aliedge the Caufe of the Parties Abfence, be he Demandant or Tenant ; and Refponfalis' come for the Tenant, not only to excufe his Abfence, but to fignify what Trial he meant to undergo, the Combat or the Country. See Attourney.

RESPONDENT, in the Schools, a Perfon who maintains a Thelis in any Art or Science. See Thesis.

He is thus call'd as being to anfwer all Objections propofed by the Opponent or Impugner, <&c. See Opponent.

The Rejpondents Bufinefs is to fee whether the Oppofition made by the contrary Party be juft and Legitimate ; or whether fome of the Laws and Conditions of Oppofition be not broke, which is call'd Ignoratio Elenchi — He is alio ro examine the Moods and Figures of the Syllogifms, to fee whether the Premiffes be juft, &c. And through the whole to anfwer rather by Diftinguo's than by direct Negation. See Syllogism, Mood, Figure, Distinction, &c.

Respondent, in Law, a Perfon who undertakes to anfwer for another ; or binds hirnfelf as Security for the good Behavi- our of one another. See Surety.

The Refpond-nt is to anfwer for the Damages done by the Per- fon for whom he refponds.— There are four Ordonnances of the Kings of France, whereby the Citizens are expreiiy forbid to take Servants without Respondents, bound in Writing.

The Word is form'd from the Latin, refpondere, to anfwer ; q. d. pro alio Spoi/dere, to promife for another.

RESPONSARY Song, an Anthem in which the Quirifters fing by rums. Sec Anthem

RESPONSE, Responsal, Responsatio, an Anfwer, Re- ply, or Reparty.

The Word is but little ufed, except for the Anfivers made to the Pricft, by the People, in the Litany, the Pfalms, and other Parts of the Office.

It has its ufe too in fpeaking of the Opinions or Anfwers of the antient Jurifcmftlti; when confulted on Point; of Law. See Civil Law and Jurisconsulti.

The fifty Books of the Digefi are compofed of Refponfa pn- dentum, the Refponfes of Papinian, Ulpian, Scevola, &c. colleded by Juftinian, who afterwards gave them the Force of Laws. See Digest.

The Refponfes of the Emperors were properly call'd Refcripts. See Rescript. r r J J r

RESPONSIONS, Responsiones, a Term ufed in the mili- tary Orders, for certain Penfions or Charges which the Knights, or the Commanderies they held, paid to the Order.

Such a Knight-Tempk-r paid a Refponfon of fifty Pounds per Annum to his Order, on Account of fuch a Commandcry. See Commander* and Conventual.— In Rot. Pari. 9 Richard 11. it is written Refponcies.

RESS'AUT, in Architeflure, the effefl of a Body which either Projects or Sinks; i. e. ftands either more out, or in, than another; lb as to be out of the Line or Level therewith.

Such is a Socle, an Intablature, a Cornice, &c. upon an Avant Corps, arrierc Corps, or the like.

The Term is French ; and but little ufed in Engli/lj ; though the want of a Word of equal Import, pleads for "its Naturali- zation.

RESSORT, a Term purely French; yet frequently ufed by our late Writers.

The Word in its popular meaning fignifies Spring, or the Force of Elafticity.— Hence it is alfo ufed for a Jurisdiction, and the Extent or Diftria thereof ; as, when we fay fuch a thing belongs to his Rejfort; a Judge out of his Rrjfirt has no Authority.

But its chief ufe among us is for a Court or Tribunal, where Appeals are judged; or for a Court or Perfon who judges finally and ultimately, and whence there is no Appeal. See Court, Appeal, ejre.

The Houfe of Lords judge en dernier Report, i. e. in the laft Rejfirt.— Prefidials judge inthe laft Rejfirt, of all Criminals pro- fecuted by the Provofts of the Marfhals.

Ressort, is alfo ufed in a Writ of Tayle or Coufenage, in the fame Scnfe as Defient in a Writ of Right. See Descent, Tayle, Cousenage, Right, &c.

RESSOURCE, a Term purely French, yet ufed by our En- gliflj Writers.

It fignifies a Means or Foundation of Man's recovering himfelf from his Fall or Ruin ; or an after-Game for the repairing his Damages. °

This Merchant has Credit and Friends ftill left ; he has great Reffources.—His laft ReJ/ource was to throw himfelf into a Con- vent.— The Jargon of a Diftinction, is the ordinary Rejjource of a Divine at a Pinch.

Skinner derives the Wotd from the French, refiudre, to refolve : A Rejjource ftricfly and litterally, expreffes a Means which prefents it felf a-frefh.

REST, Quies, in Phyficks, the Continuance of a Body in the fame Place : Or its continual Application or Contiguity to

te fame Parts of the ambient and contiguous Bodies. Sec

tlh^'pft* °J r i aths > as PIa « »■ Se= Place. Jllr ft vlt e Stateof a dli »g w^hout Motion ;

MotSi:: 1ee"Mol b N eCOmeS *^ ^ « #**> *

tinner fCy ,n theY™ &fc&* "? & ^ t,i„ q„ » j '/ '"ciamerait or absolute and immovea-

ble Space : And relattve Reft to be the Continuance of a Body in the fame Part of relative Space. '

Thus, in a Ship under Sail, relative Reft is the Continuance of a Body m the fame Region of the Ship, or the fame Part of its ^nzy.-True, m ahfi/ute Reft is its Continuance in the fame 1 art of umverfal Space, wherein the Ship with its Cavity and Contents arc all contained '

Hence, if the Earth be really and abfolutely at rell, the Body relatively at reft in the Ship, will. really and abfolutely move; and that with that Velocity wherewith the Vcffel mov/s.-But if the Earth do l.kewife move, there will then arife a real and ablolute Motion of the Body at reft, partly from the real Motion of the L.aitl,,n ablolute Space; and partly from the relative Motion of tne ohip on the Sea.-Laftiy, if the Body be likewifc relatively moved in the Ship, its real Motion will arife partly from the real Motion of the Eatth in immoveable Space, and partly from the relative Motions of the Ship on the Sea, and of the Body in the

Thus, if that Part of the Earth where the Ship is, moveEaft- waid with a velocity of 10010 Parts; and the Veffel be carried by the Winds Weftward roParts; and at the fame time a Seaman aboard walk with a Velocity 1 Part: The Seaman will be moved really and abfolutely in immoveable Space Ealtwards, with ioooi Parts of Velocity; and relatively on the Earth, with nine Parts ot^ Velocity Weft'»ards. See Earth.

'Tis an Axiom in Pliilofophy, that Matter is indifferent as to Reft, or Motion. See Matter and Body.

Hence, Sir Ifaac Newton lays it down as a Law of Nature, that every Body perl'everes in its State cither of Reft or uniform Motion; except to far as it is difturbed by external Caufes. See Nature.

The Cartefians will have Firmnefs, Hardnefs, or Solidity of Bodies to confitr, in this, that their Parts are at Reft, with legard to each other : And this Reft they eftablifh as the great Nexus, or Principle of Cohsfion, whereby the Parts are conneded to- gether. See Firmness, Hardness, &c.

Fluidity, they add, confifts in a perpetual Motion of the Parts, &c.~ But the Newtonian Phiiofophy furniflies us with much better Solutions. See Solidity, Fluidity, and Cohesion.

Rest, Repose, in Poetry, is ufed for the Carfura, which, in Alexandrian Verfes, talis on the (ixth Syllable ; and in Verfes of ten or eleven Syllables, on the fourth. See C.<esura.

This Verfe is naught, there wants a Reft in it.— The Reft fhou'd never fall on a Monofyllable, whereon the Voice may not dwell : 'Tis call d Reft becaufe the Ear, and the Pronunciation have both a repofe or refpite.

Rest, in Mulick, is a Paufe or Interval of Time, during which there is an Intermiffion of the Voice or Sound. See Pause and Time.

Rifts are fometimes ufed in Melody, that is in Mufick of a (in- gle Part, to exprefs fome limple Pafiion, or even for Variety Jake; but more ufually in Harmony, or in Compolirions of feve- ral Parts, for the fake of the Pleafure of hearing one Part move on while another refts; and this interchangeably. See Melody and Harmony.

Refts are either for a whole Bar, or more than a Bar, or but for the Part of a Bar.— When the jcg? is for apart, itis exprefs'd by certain Signs correfponding to the Quantity of certain Notes of Time; as Minim, Crotchet, &c. and is accordingly call'd Minim-reft, Crotchet-reft, &cc.

The Charafiers or Figures whereof, fee under Characters of Muftck ; where the Note and correfponding Reft are found to- gether.

When any of thofe Characters occur either on Line or Space; that Part is always filent for the Time of a Minim, or Crotchet, &c— Sometimes a Reft is for a Crotchet and Quaver together; or for other Quantities of Time, for which there is no particular Note: In which Cafe the Signs of Silence are not multiplied ; but luch Silence is exprefs'd by placing together as many Refts of different Time, as make up the defigned Reft.

When the Reft is for a whole Bar, the Semibreve Reft is al- ways ufed — If the Reft be for two Meafures, 'tis mark'd by a Line drawn a-crofsa whole Space— For three Meafures 'tis drawn a-crols a Space and a half; and for four Meafures a-crofs two Spaces. But to prevent Ambiguity, the Number of Bars is u- fually writ over the Sign.

Some of the more antient Writers in Mufick, make thefe. Refts of different Value in different Species of Time.— E. gr. The Character of a Minim-Reft, in common Time, fay they, expreffes the Reft of three Crotchets in triple Time ; in that the Triples |., / T, y, £», it always marks an half Meafurc, how different ioever thefe may be among themfelves.

They add that the Reft of a Crotchet in common Time is a Reft of three Quavers in the Triple | ; and that the gvaver Reft

of