Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/62

 KIN

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KIR

KINGDOM, among the Chymifls, is a Term, which the)- appiy to .each ot" the three Orders, or Claffcs of natural' Bodies-? 'Animal, Vegetable, and Mineral.

IGNG$jAT'- J \ARMS, Officers of great Antiquity, and rtmiently r oF' great Authority ■> they direct the Heralds, prefide at their Chapters, and have the Jurifdielion of Ar- mory. In England we have three kinds, viz,. Garter, Cla- renaeux, and Norroy.

The fini and principal Is called Garter, infthuted by Henry V. His Office is to attend the Knights of the Gar- ter at their Affcmblies, to marfhal the Solemnities at the Funerals of the higheft Nobility, and to carry the Gar- ter to Kings and Princes beyond the Sea j on which occa- fion he ufed to be joined inCommiiiionwith fome princi- pal Peer of the Kingdom.

The next is Clarencieux, fo called from the Duke of Clarence, to whom he firlt belonged. His Office is to mar/hal and difpofcthe Funerals of till the inferior Nobi- lity, as Baronets, Knights, Efquires, and Gentlemen, on the South-fide of the Treat.

The thirct is Norroy, or Northern, whofe Eufinefs is to do the fame on the North-fide of the River Trent. Thefe two lait are called Provincial Heralds, in regard they di- vide the Kingdom between them into two Provinces.

Thefe two laft, by Charter, have power to vifit Noble • mens Families,to fetdown their Pedigrees, diilinguifh their Arms, appoint Perfons their Arms, and, with Garter^ to direct the Heralds.

Antiently the Kings at Arms werecrca ted and folcmnly crowned by the Kings of England themfelves ; but of later Days the Earl Marfhal has a fpecial Commiflion, at every Creation, to perfoliate the King.

To the former may be added Lyon,King at Arms for Scot- land, who is the fecond Kngat Arms for Great Britain 5 he is invelled and crown'd with great Solemnity. To him belongs the publishing the King's Proclamation, the mar- shalling Funerals, reverfing Arms, &c.

KING'S-BENCH, a Court, or Judgment-Seat, focal- led, in regard the King is fuppofed to fit in Pcrfon as Judge of the Court, and may do fo whenever he plea- ietb j for winch reafon all Writs, and ether Procefs in this Court, are made returnable coram nobis, that is, be- fore the King himfelf, and not coram Jujiiciariis no/iris, as is the Form in the Common Pleas. The Judges of this Court are the Chief Jiiiticc, and three other Judges. In this Court are principally determined Matters relating to the Crown, and the Peace. When any Perfon is aggrieved by any Order of Juftices, or Quarter-Seffions, they have reccurfe hither; the Rights of Elections of Mayors, Bai- liffs, Ccnllables, &c. are often, upon Mandamus's, brought before this Court to be fettled, and Prohibitions are hence iiTued out to fiay Proceedings in die Ecclefiaitical, Ad- miralty, or any inferior Court, where the Matters appear to be tryable at Common Law. The Subject hath alfo a Right to fue any Perfon in this Court for any Debt or Contract, as well as in any other Court, and may as ad- vantageoully and expeditiously proceed. The Chief Jui- tice is constituted by Writ, and is to hold, Qmmdiu fe lene gejfertt,, and fo cannot be difplaced without fome great Mifi|erjaeanour 5 tho' formerly the Chief Juftice, and other inferior Judges, were made only durante bene placito, and accordingly were turned out at the King's pleafure. The Salary of the Lord Chief Jufticc ufed to be but 1500 /. per aim. but- 'tis now 500 /. per Term. He pre- fides under his Majefly in this Court j but when the Court divides, in giving Judgment upon any fpecial Ar- gument, he hath but one Voice : fo that if the Opinion of the Court mould be equally divided, the Matter muft reft till one of the Judges mail fee jutt Reafon to alter his Opinion. He is to attend the Lords in Parliament, tho' he has no Vote, unlefs he be a Peer himfelf, but is to give his Opinion and Advice to the Houfe by virtue of a "Writ of Affiilance, and is frequently therefore confulted by them, both in making and repealing Laws, and in al- tering or explain&l them. He makes a Return of all Writs of Error in Parliament directed to this Court, and with his own Hand delivers the Writ of Error, and a Tranfcript of the Proceedings in the Caufe into the Houfe of Lords. The three inferior Judges of this Court go the Circuits, and are in Commiffion of Oyer and Terminer at the Old-Bailey, their Salary is 375 A per Term, to which they, as well as the Chief Juvrice, are entitled, tho' they happen not to lit one Day in Court in the Term, unlefs they give their Affent fo flightly, as, on a. Scire Fa- cias to be charged with Negligence j and thefe alfo hold by *Quamdiu fe bene g$erint. There are feveral Officers belonging to this Court,' as two chief Clerks or Prothono- iaries, who are fuppofed to enter all the Pleadings and Judgments between Party and Party, altho' this is done by an Entring-Clcrk under them } and all Writs of Lati- tat mn omiitas, Bills of Middlefex, Habeas Co pus, &c. are fubferibed with the Names of thefe chief Clerks. The

Secondary acls as the Matter of the Office on the Pleas Side, and is the Chief Clerk's Deputy j his Office is to examine any Perfon, who is to ba fworn an Entring- Clerk, or Attorney at large, whether he is duly qualified, and to prefent him to the Chief Juftice. He alio figns alt Judgments, and gives Colls upon them ; and the Court, upon any Motion, in relation to the irregular Prac- tice of any Clerk or Attorney, generally refers the Exa- mination thereof to him. He alfo takes all Affidavits in Court (unlefs on the Crown-fide) and takes the Acknow- ledgment of all Deeds in Court.

KINGVSILVER, is that Money due to the King in the Court of Common-Pleas, pro Licentia Concordandi, in relpeclof a Licence there granted to any Man for levy- ing a Fine.

KINTAL, or Quintal, is a Weight of One Hun- dred Pounds, more or lefs, according to the different Ufage of divers Nations. The Kintal of Smima is 1=.$ Pounds, 3 Ounces, y Drams ; or xzo Pounds, 7 Ounces, 12 Drams 5 but that ui^Aleppo is 465 Pounds, ir Ounces, 15 Drams.

KIPPER-TIME is a Space of Time between the Fe- {liviil of the I Hiding of the Holy Crofs, May the 3d, and Twelfih-Day ■■, during which, Salmon Fifhing in the River Thames, from Gravejend to Henley, is forbidden by Rot, Pari. 50 Edw. 3.

KIRK MOTE, a Synod ; fometimes 'tis taken for a Meeting in the Church or Vellry.

KIRK SESSIONS, the Name of a petty Ecclefiaftical Judicatory in Scotland. Each Parifh, according to its Ex- tent, is divided into feveral particular Diilricts, every one of which has its own Elder and Deacon to ovcrfee it. A Confiilory of the M millers, Elders, and Deacons of a Parifh form a K'-rhSejJmis. This meets once a Week, the Miniitcr being Moderator, but without a negative Voice. It regulates Matters relating to publick W or/hip, Elec- tions, Catechizing, Vifitations, $£c. It judges in Matters of lefs Scandal ; but greater, as Adultery, are left to the Presbytery, and in all Cafes an Appeal lies from it to the Presbytery.

K1ZILBACHE, a Turhfi word, fignifying Red-Head. This Term the Turks have applied, by way of Obloquy, to the Perfians, ever fince ljhnatl Sopbi, Founder of the Family now reigning in Perjia, ordered his Soldiers to wear a red Cap, round which is a Scarf or Turban with a dozen Plaits in it, in memory of the twelve Imams, Suc- ceffors of AU, from whom he pretended to defcend. Wi- ginere writes the word Kemeilbafs, and adds, that according; to the vulgar Interpretation among the Per/tans, the, twelve Plaits fignity the twelve Sacraments of their Law. But as this does not fatisfy him, he looks out for another Original, and tells us there is a Myftery in it, derived from the antientPaganifm, when the Pc-fians adored the Fire, whofe Heat is denoted by the red Co- lour, which in fome meafure fymbolizes with the Sun, held by them in the higheil Veneration. He adds, that the twelve Phiits mew the twelve Months of the Year, and the twelve Signs in which that Luminary performs his Courfe.

KNAVE is an old Saxon Word for a Man-Servant, and is fo ufed in 14 E. 3. Stat. 1. c. 3. Verjlegan thinks it comes from the Dutch Cnapafigmfying the fame. It fome- times alfo fignifies a Male-Child, or Boy, in which fenfe a Knave Child hath been frequently ufed, formerly, in contradistinction to a Girl; and in this fenfe Wlckcliff ufes the word in his Translation of Exodus 1. rtf. and other Places of the Bible. In the old Saxon Tranflation of Mat. S. 6. Piter mens jacet in Domo Paralyticus, was turned, Myn Knapa.

Knave was fometimes alfo ufed as an additional Title, asWillielmus Cowper de Denhy, Knave, &c. 'Tis a common Opinion, that Rom. r.r. was tranflated, Paul a Knave of Jeftts Chrijt. This Mitlake has been occafioned by a Bible in the Duke of Lauderdale's Library, where the word Kueawe is inferted in lefs Characters than the others, and a Rafure may be eafily difcerned.

KNIGHT, in its original German, Knecht, fignifies a luity Servant. The Word has fince been ufed for a Sol- dier or Man of War. We have but one Inltance among us, where the word Knight is ufed in the firil Senfe, and that is in Knight of the Shire, who properly ferves in Parliament for fuch a County. In the Latin, French, Spa- nljl, Italian^ and Dutch Languages, Knight is exprefs'd by a Word which properly fignifies a Horfeman, as being ufually cmploy'd on horfeback. Indeed our Common Law calls them Milites, Soldiers, becaufe they commonly held Lands, in Knight-Service, to ferve the King as Sol- diers in his Wars ; in which fenfe the word Miles was ufed pro Vaffalh. The word Knight now fignifies a Perfon, who <■ for his Vertue and martial Prowefs, is, by the Kin", raifed above the Rank of Gentlemen, into an higher Clafs of Dignity and Honour. Knighthood being ufually conferred

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