Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/615

 RES

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RES

Body of Reserve, or Corps de Reserve, in War, the Forces difpofed in the third or laft Line or* an Army drawn up for Bat- tle. See Line and Battle.

They are thus called becaufe refrrv'd, or deftined to fuftain the reft as occafion requires ^ and not to engage but m Cafe of Ne- ceffity.

RESERVOIR, Receptacle, a Place where Water is col- lected and rejerv'd, to be convey'd occafionally, through Pipes, &c. or co be fpouted up, <&c. See Water, Fluid, &c.

The Refervoir in a Building is a large Bafon, ufually of Wood, lined with Lead, where Water is kept to fupply the Occafions of the Houfe.— At Canons, the noble Seat of the Duke of Chandos, is a very large Refervoir a-top of the Houfe ; to which the Wa- ter is rais'd by a very curious Engine contrived for the Pur- pofe.— This Refervoir is of fuch Capacity, as that beiides ap- plying all Parts of the Houfe by means of Pipes and Cocks, it likewife turns a Mill.

The Refervoir is fomerimes alfo a large Bafon of ftrong Ma- fonry, glazed or paved at the Bottom j where the Water is re- ferred to feed Jets £ Eau, or fpouting Fountains. See Foun- tain, <&c

Such is that huge one on the top of Marly, call'd Trou d En- fer, Hell-Mouth, whofe Surface, Daviler tells us, contains fifty Acres, and its Depth fuch, as under that Superficies to contain a hundred rhoufand Cubick Fathom of Water.

Reservoir, in Anatomy. See Receptacle

RESET, in Law, the receiving or harbouring an outlawed Perfon. See Outlaw.

Hence a Receiver of an Out-lawed Perfon, is call'd a Re- fitter.

RESIANCE, in Law, a Man's Abode or Continuance in a Hace. — The Word has the fame Signification with regard to Lay-Men, as Refdmce with regard to Ecclefiafticks. See Resi- dence.

Ghmville obferves, that in the antient Law, Refiance properly fignified a Dileafe, whereby the Perfon was difabled from ftirring out of Doors.— Whence their Ejfoin de Refiantijfa, was the fame as our Effoin de Malo EeBo. See Essoin.

RESIDENCE, in Canon and Common Law, the Abode of a Parfon or Incumbent upon his Benefice; and his Affiduity in attending on the fame. See Parson, Benefice, <&c.

The Default of Refdence, ciWdNon-Refdetice, unlefs where rhe Party have a Dilpeniation for the fame, with us, is the Forfei- ture of ten Pounds for each Month. See Now-Repdence.

By the Canon Law, Beneficiaries are obliged to Refidence, un- der Pain of Deprivation of their Benefices— The Original Rea- fon is, that in the primitive Church none were promoted to holy Orders, but fuch as had a Benefice inpromptu; which they were obliged to ferve; fo that this Service was neceflarily attach'd to the Order ; and whoever was honoured therewith, at the fame time was obliged to perfonal Service. See Order, and Ordi- nation.

But this ftrict Difcipline was not obferved long. — The Benefi- ciaries by Degrees got Difpenfations from ferving their Benefices themfelves; and thus Pluralities got footing. See Plurality.

France, of all other Countries, feems to be that where Refdence is the moft ftrictly regarded.— All their Curez, or Minifters who have Cures of Souls, are obliged to z6tm\ Refidence, and the Par- liaments have declared all the Difpenfations granted by Popes, &c. abuf/ive; as efteeming the Obligation of Repdence to be Jure Eivino,

Under Charles IX. there was even a Defign to re-eftablifh the primitive Difcipline in all its Severity; and in 1561, a Declarati- on was regiftered, appointing &11 Bifhops to refde, conformably to the antient Canons, in their Bifiiopricks.— The fame Parliament alfo forbad the Bifhops to affume the Quality of Councellors of the King ; in regard fuch a Quality was deem'd inconfiftent with the indifpenfible Obligation they were under to refide in their Biihropricks.

Du Pin adds, that the Procureur General, Attorney General Bourdin-, even feiz'd the Temporalities of fuch Bifhops as conti- nued in Paris fifteen Days after this Declaration; having firft certified them, that if they had any Bufmefs there, he'd under- take the Management thereof.

Residence, inChymiltry, &c. the fettling; or what remains of a Liquor, or other Subftance in the Veffel, after Part of it has been pound or taken out ; to change the Manner of the Ope- ration on what is left.

RESIDENT, a publick Minifter, who manages the Affairs of a King in the Court of a Prince, or petty State; or the Af- fairs of a Prince, or petty State, in the Court of a Prince. See Minister.

Thus the King of England has Refdents in the Courts of the Electors, and other Princes of Germany and Italy $ at the Re- publicks of Genoa and iMCfa; and they reciprocally have Ref- dents in the Court of Great-Britain.

Refdents are a Clafs of publick Minifters inferiour to Embaf- fadors and Envoys., but like them are under the Protection of the Law of Nations. See Embassador and Envoy.

Resident, in our antient Cuftoms, was a Tenant who was obliged to refide on his Lord's Land, and not to depart from the fame ; called alio, Homme levant aud Couchant 3 and in Normandy, Rejfeantdn Fief,

glantumcuffq; de aliis teneat ei magis ohnoxius eft* & ejus refi* dens ejfe debet cujus legius eft Leg. H. 1 ,

RESIDENTIARY, a Canon inftalled to the Privileges and Profits of Relidence. See Canon.

RESIDUAL Figure, in Geometry, the Figure remaining after Subtraction of a Ieffer from a greater. See Figure.

Residual Root, is a Pjjot compofed of two Parts or Mem- bers, only connected together with the Sign —.

Thus, a— b, or 5 — 3, is a Refdual Root ; and isfocalled, be- caufe its true value is no more than its Refidue 3 or Difference be- tween the Parts a and b, or 5 and 3. See Root.

RESIDUE, the Remainder or Reliqua of an Account Debt, or Obligation. See Remainder and Reliqtja.

St. Paul, in his Epiftle to rhe Romans, Ibeaks of a Reftdue ac- cording to the Election of Grace j meaning a Remnant or little Number of People preferved from Idolatry by an effect of the Grace of God.

RESIGNATION, or Renunciation, in the Canon Law, the Surrender, or giving up of a Benefice into the Hands of the Collator. See Benefice and Collator.

Refgnation is of equal Import with Surnnder\ only the former is retrained to fpiritual Benefices, and the latter to temporal Offices or Employments. See Surrender.

Refgnaiions are either Simple or Conditional.

Simple, or pure Re fignations, are thofe whereby the Incumbent ftrips himfelf of all his Right, abfolutely, and without any Con- ditions or Referve of Penfion.— Thefe are made to the Bilhop, or Collator.

Refgnaiions in favour, or Conditional Rcfignations, are fuch as are only made on Condition that fuch other Perfons fhalt be in- verted therewith ; fo that the Refgnaiions are null, unlefs the Conditions be punctually executed.

Thefe Reflations m favorem are not of above 200 Years ttanding.— Strong Oppolition was at firft made to them^ they being eileemed a kind of Succeifion or tranfmifiion of Be- nefices, as of Patrimonies belonging to a Family. Accordingly, thefe Refgnaiions are not made into the Hands of the Ordinary, or Collator, as pure Reflations are ; but to the Collator para- mount, who in the Romi/b Church is the Pope : There being a fufpicion of Simony, or other unlawful Paction therein, where admitted of in Prejudice to the Lay-Patron.

RESIGNEE, in Law, the Party to whom a thing is refign- ed. See Resignation.

RESIN, Resina, a fat, vifcid, fulphurous Juice, oozing ei- ther fpontaneoully, or by Incifion, from feveral kinds of Trees, particularly the Pine, Fir, &c. See Juice, Plant, &c,

Maftic is the Refm of the Lentisk. See Mastic.

Camphor is alfo a kind of Refn. See Camphor.

The belt of all the Clafs of Refm is Turpentine. See Tur- pentine.

The Coarfft is what we commonly call Rofn. See Rosin.

Refm is properly a Juice of the Bark only. See Bark.

Boerhaave will have it to be the Oil of the Bark further infpiffated by the Heat of the Sun, <&c. fo as to become friable. He adds, that it may be produced from any vegetable Oil, by boiling it much and long. See Oil.

If Turpentine be fct over a gentle Fire, it firft diffolves and becomes an Oil, thenaBalfam, then Pitch, and then Rofm- y in which State it is friable in the Cold, fufible by Fire, and withal inflamable and combuftible, and diflbluble in Spirit of Wine, but not in Water, which are the Characters of a Refm. See Water, &e.

There are two kinds of Re fins, the one liquid, the other dry and hard.

The firft is the natural Refm as it flows from the Tree. — The fecond only differs from the firft in that it is condenfed by the Heat of the Sun, or by that of a culinary Fire.

Refvs will incorporate with Oil, or rectified Spirits, but not with an aqueous Menftruum. See Precipitation.

The Difference between Refms and Gums, confifts in this, that Refns arc more fulphurous, and Gums more aqueous ; (o, that the firft diflblve in Spirit of Wine, and the laft in Water. See Gum.

M. Toumefort makes a kind of intermediate Clafs of vegetable Juices which he calls Gum-Refms ; which diffolve partly in Spirit of Wine, partly in Water. See GvM-Refn.

Such are Galbanum, BdrfViwn, Oppoponax, Sagapmum, Sec.

The Refn of feveral Vegetables which abound with Refnout Particles-, but not fo as to yield any by Incilion, as Jalap, Benja- min, Scammony, Turbith, &c. is thus obtained. — The Vegeta- ble being grofly powder'd, is put into a Matrals, and rectified Spirit of Wine poured on it, to the height of four Fingers above the Matter. Then the Neck of another Matrais being luted in- to the former to make a double Veffel, the Matter is digefted 3 or four Days in a Sand Heat, till it have given a good Tincture to the Spirit of Wine. Then the Diffolution is filtrated, and two thirds of the clear Liquor evaporated off, and the remainder pour'd into a large VeiTel of Water, where it turns into a kind of Milk ; whence, the Refn, in Time precipitates to the Bottom in a white Powder. This when wanVd and dried in the Sun, grows into the ordinary Conuftence of a Refn.

RESIST