Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/613

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REP

The Word is French, and fignifies a re-fumption or re-taking.

REPRISES, in Law, are Dedudions, Draw-backs, or Duties paid yearly out of a Manor, or Lands.— Such are Rent-charges, Pennons, Fees of Stewards or Bailiffs, &c

Thus we fay, the Manor of Doll yields 40 /. per Annum, ul- tra Rsprizat, betides all Reprifes.

means it is enabled, like the Worm of an Augrc, to bore its Paflage into the Earth.— Its reptile Motion may alfo be explained by a Wier wound on a Cylinder, which when llip'd off, and one end extended and held fall:, will bring the other nearer it. So the Earth-worm having ihot out or extended its Body, (which is with a wreathingj it takes hold by thofe fmall Feet it hath.

REPROBATION, in Theology, a Decree or Refolve which and fo contrafls the hinder Part of its Body.— Dr. Tjfix adds,

Cod has taken from all Eternity, to puniflt Sinners, who (Ml that when the fore-part of the Body is ftretclfd out, and applied

dye in Impenitence. See Decree. t0 a plane ac a Diftance, the Hind-part relaxing and fliorccning.

Reprobation ftands in Polemical Divinity in direfl:, oppolition is ealilv ; drawn towards in as a Centre.

to Predefiiuation. See Predestination. Its 5«* arc aifyokd in a quadruple Row, the whole length of

The Divines hold it a Symptom of Reprobation, when a Sin- the Worm; with which, as with fo many Hooks, it rattens down

ner is harden'd fo as not to feel any further Remorfe or Mifgivings fometimes this, and fometimes that Part of the Body to the Plane,

of Confcience. See Conscience, Remorse, &c. and at the fame ftretches out, or drags after it another.

The Cafuitts diftin»uim politive and negative Reprobation. The creeping of Serpents is effeded after a fomewhat different

Politive Reprobation 'is that whereby God is fuppofed to create Manner; there being a difference in their Structure ; in thatthefe

Men with a pofitive and abfoiute Decree to damn them eter- laft have a Compages of Bones articulated together. The Body

nallv ^ ere ' s noc ^ rawn to g et her, but as it were complicated; Part of

This Opinion of Reprobation, is countenane'd by St. Auguflin, it being applied on the lough Ground, and the reft ejaculated

and others of the Fathers, and ftrongly maintained by Calvin, and fhot from it; which being fet to the Ground in its turn,

and moft of his Followers.— Something like it is alfo found in the brings the other after it.— The Spine of the Back,varioufly wreatb'd,

39 Articles of the Church of England, but 'tis now generally ex- has the fame efted in leaping, as the Joints of the Feet in other ploded as injurious to God. See Calvinist, &c.

Negative, or Conditional Reprobation, is that whereby God.

though he create all Men with a fincere defire to fave them, and furnifhes them with the neceffary Means thereto, fo as all may be faved if they will; yet, fees, there are feveral who will not do it, withtheAids he fhall afford them, how powerful foever : And fees, at the fame time, they would do it with certain other Aids, which he fees, but will not give them.— O Altitude! Sec. See Grace.

REPRODUCTION, the Adion whereby a thing is produ- ced a-new, or grows a fecond time. See Production.

When the Stock of ah Oak, Fruit-Tree, &c. is cut oft fhort, it reproduces an infinity of young Shoots. See Stock.

By Reproduction is ufually underftood the Reftauration of a thing before exifting, and fince deftroyed. See Restaura- tion.

The Reproduction of feveral Parts of Lobfters, Crabs, &c. makes one of the great Curiofities of natural Hiftory.

Animals; they making their Leaps by means of Mufcles that ex- tend the Plicx or Folds.

The Word Reptile is likewifc ufed, abufively, for Plants and Fruits which creep on the Earth, or on other Plants, as wanting Strength of Stalk to fuftain themfelves.

Such are Cucumbers, Melons, i&c. fuch alio are Ivy, the Vine, &c.

The Word is form'd from the Latin, repo, I creep.

REPUBLIC, Res Publica, Commonwealth, a popular State or Government; or a Nation governed by a Democracy. Sed Democracy.

The celebrated Republics of Antiquity, are thofe of Athens, Sparta, Rome, and Carthage.

At prefent there is fcarce any fuch thing as a real Republic, i. e. as a ftrict ly popular State. — Indeed the Venetians and Gcnocje call their States Republics, but their Government is apparently c£- garchk. See Oligarchy.

The Dutch come the nearefl to the Character of a Republic ;

Thai ,n lieu of an organical Part of an Animal cut off, another yet are they very defefiive, at leaft in the Senfe and Severity

fhoula arife perfectly like it, may feem inconfiftent with the wherewith Rome, Carthage, dec. were Republics. See States-

modern Syftem of Generation ; where the Animal is fuppofed to General, Pensionary, drc.

be wholly form'd in the Egg. See Generation and Egg. 'Tis a Remark of M. St. Evremond, that if the Dutcbhve tho

Yet has the matter of Fact been well attefted by the Fifher- Republican Form, 'tis more for the fake of their Trade, than of

men, and even by feveral Virtuofo's who 'have taken the Point their being free.

into Examination.— The Legs of Lobfters, d-c. confift each of Republic of Letters, or of Learning, is a Phrafe ufed in;

five Articulations; now when any of the Legs happen to break fpeaking collectively of the whole Body of the People of Study.

by any Accident, as in walking, &c. which frequently happens, There is a Journal begun in Ho/land by M. Bajle, and conti-

the Fraaure is always found to be at a Suture near the fourth nuea by M. Bernard, conlifting of Extracts of Books printed in,

Articulation; and what they thus lofe is precifely reproduced in the Courfe of the Year; called, Nouvelles d: la Republiaue des

fome time afterwards: That is, apart of a Leg (hoots out, con- Lettres ; News from the Republici of Letters. See Jour-

fifting of four Articulations ; the firft whereof has two Claws as NA ^"

before; fo that the lofs is entirely repaired.

If a Lobfter's Leg be broke off by defign at the fourth or fifth Arriculation, what is thus broke off always comes again. — But 'tis not fo if the Fracture be made in the firft, fecond, or third Articulation. In thofe Cafes the Reproduction is very rare, if things continue as they are.— But what is exceedingly furpri- 7.ing, is, that they don't : For upon vifiting the Lobfter maim'd in thefe barren and unhappy Articulations, at the end of two or three Days, all the other Articulations are found broke off,

REPUDIATION, in the Civil Law, the Act of Divor- cing. See Divorce.

REPULSION, Repulsio, in Pbyficks, the Action of a re- pelling Power, whereby natural Bodies, under certain Circum- ftances, mutually fly each other. See Repelling-Pcw;-.

Repulfion is the Counter-Part to Attraction Attraction only

reaches to a little Diftance; where that terminates there Repulfum commences. See Attraction.

Indeed we meet with many obvious Inftances of Repulfm

the fourth ; and 'tis fufpected they have performed the Operation mong Bodies, as between Water and Oil ; and in general between

on themfelves, to make the Reproduction of a Leg certain. Water and all unfluous Bodies: Between Mercury and Iron; as

The Part reproduced is not only perfeftly like that retrench'd, alfo between the Panicles of Dufts, &c.

but alio in a certain fpace of time equal to it— Hence it is, that Thus, if a fat Body lighter than Water, be laid on the Surface

we frequently fee Lobfters, which have their two big Legs une- thereof, or if a Piece of Iron be laid on Mercury ; the Surface

qual ; and that in all Proportions.— This (hews the Youth of the OI the Fluid will be deprefs'd about the Bodies laid on it : A plain

lefs. Indication of Repuljiou; as the rifing up of the Fluid about the

A Part thus reproduced being broke, there is a fecond Repro- Surfaces of other incumbent Bodies is of Attraction.

duiiion.— The Summer, which is the only Seafon of the Year I n the latter Cafe the Fluid is fufpended by an attractive Power,

when the Lobfters eat, is the moft favourable time to the Re- above the Level, and kept from falling by its Gravity : In the

production. 'Tis then petform'd in four or five Weeks: whereas former a Deprcllion is made by the repelling Power, which the

it takes up eight or nine Months in any other Seafon. Liquor, notwithftanding its Gravity, cannot run down into and

The fmall Legs are reproduced, but more rarely, as well as more nil up. (lowly than the great ones The Horns do the fame. See Crab's- Upon this depend all the Phenomena of very light Giafs Bud- Eyes, bles floating on Water ; about which, when clean, the Water

REPTILES, in natural Hiftory, a kind of Animals, denomi- rifes ; but when greas'd, the Water finks into a Channel all around

rated from their creeping or advancing on the Belly; or a Genus of them.— Hence alio it is that in a Glafs Veliel of Water the Fluid

Animals and Infeds which inftead of Feet, reft on one Part of Hands higher all shout the Edges near the Glafs, than towards

the Body, while they advance forward with the reft. See Am- the Middle : But when the Glafs is filled till the Water run down

mal, Insect, <&c. on all Sides, then, it ftands higher at the middle than attheSides:

Such are Earth-Worms, Snakes, Catterpillars. &c. —Hence, alio in a Glafs not full of Water, a clean Glafs Bub-

Indced, moft of the Clafs of Reptiles have Feet; only thofe ble always runs to the Side, by reafon the Prefiure which is up- very fmall, and the Legs fhort in Proportion to the Bulk of the on it towards the Middle, is partly taken off by the attractive Body. See Feet and Legs. Force wherewith the Water is rais'd near the Edge. If the Glafs

The Naturalilts obferve a World of artful Contrivance for be ib full as to be ready to run over, the Bubble returns from

the Motion of Reptiles.— Thus, particularly, in the Earth-worm, the Side towards the Middle ; the Force wherewith the Water is

Dr. Willis tells us," the whole Body is only a Chain of annular Mufcles ; or, as Mr. Derham fays, 'tis only one continued fpiral Mufcle, the orbicular Fibres whereof by being contracted, ren- der each Ring narrower and longer than before: By which

rais'd in the Middle, taking off Part of the Preffure.

Juft the reverfe happens, if the Bubble be greafy ; in regard, there, the Force whereby the Water and the Bubble repel each other, is greateft where the Water is higheft. Two clean Bubi

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