Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/61

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ly after trie Officer, who, when he has done his Bufinefs in the Treafury, locks and feals up the Place, and returns the Seal to the Vizier with the fame Ceremony as before. Befides this, there arc other Apartments for the Money, where the Officers are never allowed to enter with any Clothes that have Pockets in them.

KIDNEY, or Rein, a Part of an Animal, whofe Ufe is to feparate the Urine. The Kidneys are fituate on each Side, the one between the Liver and Mufculus Lumbaris, on the right Side; the other between the Spleen and the fame Mufcle on the left Side. In Man the right is lower than the left, but in Quadrupcdes 'tis ufually the contra- ry; they are fattened to the Loins and the Diaphragm by their exterior Membrane, and to the Bladder by the Ureters; the right is alfo fattened to the Inteftine Cae- cum, and the left to the Colon : their Figure refembles a Eean, or rather a Crefcent, being curve on the fide of the Vena Cava, and on the outfide gibbous. There are ordina- rily but two Kidneys, tho' ioraetimes there are found Men they are commonly about five Inches long and three broad, and one and an half thick : Their Subftance is compofed of Glands,- and very fmall urinary Pipes, or Ca- nals; the Glands form the Circumference^ and ferve to feparate the Urine; the Papilla, or urinary Tubes, form the inner part, they come out of the Glands, and carry the Urine into a Cavity, in the concave Part of the Kidney, called the Pelvis, whence it paffes thro' the Ureters into the Bladder. The Kidneys are covered with two Mem- branes, they have each of them Arteries and Veins; the Arteries come from the Aorta, and the Veins terminate in the Cava; thefe are all called Emulgents. They have Nerves alfo, which take their Origin from the Plexu, ke- nalis, formed by the Ramifications of the intercoflal Nerve, and the Nerves of the Loins. The Kidneys fecrete the Urine from the Blood, which, by the Motion of the Heart, is driven thro' the Arteries into the emulgent Arteries' and thefe carry it into the little Glands, where its Serofiry being feparated, is received in at the Orifices of the urina- ry Pipes, which go from the Glands to the Pelvis, and thence runs by the Ureters into the Bladder : the Blood, which could not enter the Glands, is brought back by the emulgent Veins. See Urine, Secretion, &c.
 * '} ree > an dfometimesfour, and fometimes but one. In

JCILDEKRIN, is a kind of Liquid Meafure, which contains two Firkins, or eighteen Gallons; and two fuch Kdderkins make a Barrel. ^

KING, a Monarch or Potentate, who rules fingly and fovereignly over a People. Cambden derives the word Kmg from the Saxon Cyning, of Can, Power, or Ken, Knowledge, wherewith every Monarch is fuppofed to be inverted. The Latin Rex, the Scythian Reiki, the Punic Refeh, and the Sfanifh Rey and Roy, come all, according to Pojiel, from the Hebrew Wtsf, Rofeh, Chief, or Head.

Kings, both among the antient Greeks and Romans, were Prieft* as well as Princes. Virgil fpeaking of Jniiu, King of Deles, fays,

Rex An'ms, Rex idem Homintim Phxbique Sacerdos. As to the Romans, Vivy and Dionyfias are exprefs; they fay, that tho' Numa inttituted a great Number of Orders cf Prierthood, yet fome he difcharged himfelf, and in Perfon. After the Expulfion of Kings, they were obliged to create a Rex Sacrcrum, a King of the Sacrifices for the Admmiftration of the Prieflly Part of the Royalty

Among the Greeks, the King of* Perfia had antientl'y the Appellation of the Great King; the King of France now has that of the Mofi Chnftian King, and the Kin? of Sfam thatol [Catholic King. The King of the Romans isa Prince chofen by the Emperor, as a Coadjutor in the Go- vernment of the Empire. The Hungarians formerly the Name King to their Queen Mary, to avoid th "

(417)

KIN

gave Infamy

™ _,„„,„, .1. nan the title ot Lbnjimnllf.mus conferred n them, and that of Defender of the Faith" 1 was added by ope LeoX. tho ,t had been ufed by them fome time efore The Title of Grace was firll given to our Kins

which the Laws of that Country call on thofe who are go' verned by Women : Accordingly /lie bore the Title of Kim M.™ t,U her Marriage with Sigifmmi, at which time She laid allele her King ffiip, and took up the Quality of Queen. The Kmgs of England, by the Lateran CounciUnder Pope ■Juhan II. had the Title of Cbriftiam/Smm conferred

on them, and thr* -? iw--. . c .,.. „ ■ ,"

Po, b (

about the time of Henry IV. and that of Highnefs and'v? }efy to Henry VIII. In all public Instruments and Let- ter 8 tie King Mes himfelf No,, We, tho' till the time of King John he fpoke in the lingular Number. Our Law- yers lay, the King of England is a mixed Perfon a Prieft as well as a Prince. At his Coronation he is anointed with Oil as the Fnefts and King, of Ifrael were, to intimate, that his Perfon is facred. The Laws make it High-Trca- ion barely to imagine or intend the Death of the Km- ■ and becaufe the Deftruflion of the Kim may enfue that his Great Counfellnrs or f\ffi^„„ '.,'„ r»i onY; n „

jreatCounfellors or Officers, 'tis Fel

capital Cafes, 'tis a Rule, that Voluntas r.on refufilimt fr» iatlo, and an Englijhman lliall not, in any other Cafe be put to death, unlelsthc Deed follow the Intent.

His Office (as he promifes at his Coronation) is to pre* ierve the Rights and Privileges of the Church, the Prero- gative of the Crown, the Laws and Cuftoms of the Realm, lye. or, wForteJcue has it, he is fmnar'e Bella Pofml, fat <S eos reBiffme judicare. He acknowledges no Precedence in any other Prince but the Emperor. He has the Su- preme Right of Patronage, called Patronage Paramount, over all the Lcclefiaftical Benefices in England

He has Power, by his Prerogative, without any AS of Parliament, to make War or Peace, make Leagues and .treaties, give Commiffions for imprefling Soldiers dif- pofe of Magazines, CalUes, Ships, public Moneys,' &c He convokes, adjourns, prorogues, and diffolves Parlia- ments, and may retufe his Aflent to any Bill paffed by both Houfes, without giving his Reafons for it. He may mcreafe the Number of Members of either Houfe at pleafure, by creating new Peers, and bellowing Privileges on other Towns for fending. Burgeffes to Parliament. Ho has power to enfranchife an Alien, and make him a De-< nizen. Debts due to him are always to be Satisfied in the firft place, in cafe of Executorship, iSc and till his Debt is difcharged, he may protect the Creditorfrom the Arrefts of others. He may dirtrain for the whole Debt on a Tenant that holds but part of the Land, is not ob- liged to demand his Rent as others are, may fue in what Court he pleafes, and diitrain where he lifts. In all doubtful Cafes, femfer frxfumitur fro Rege : no Statute restrains him unleft he be particularly named. In all Cafes where the King is Plaintiff", his Officers, with an Arreft, may enter; and if Entrance be denied, break openaHoulc and feize the Party: tho', in other Cafes a Man s Houfe is his Caftlc, and has a Privilege to pro- tea him againft all Arrefts. He has the Cufiody of the Pcrfons and Eftates of Idiots and Lunatics 5 he m Ultimas Bares Repti, to him revert all E Hates when no Heir appears. All Treafure-Trove (i. e. Money Plate or Bullion found, and the Owners not known) belongs^ him; fo all Waifs, Strays, Wrecks, Lands recovered from the Sea, Gold and Silver Mines, Royal Fifhcs &c belong to him. He can unite, feparate, enlarge, orcon- trafl the Limits of Bi/hoprics or Ecclefialtical Benefices and by his Letters erect new Bishoprics, Colleges i$c He can difpenfe with the Rigour of the Ecclefiafticai Laws except thofe that have been confirmed by an Aft of Parliament, or declared by the Bill of Rights, as for a Ballard to be a Pr.eil, for a Birhop to hold a Benefice in commendam,i£c. He has Power to difpenfe with feveral Afls of Parliament and penal Statutes, by ctNon olfian% where he himlclf is alone concerned; to moderate the Rigour of the Law according to Equity; to pardon a Man con- demned by Law.e.xcept in Appeals of Murder; to interpret by his Judges in Statutes and Cafes not defined by Law

I he Laws eileem him God's Vicegerent on Earth and arcribe various Perfections to him, not belonging, to anv other Man. No Flaw or Weaknefs is found in hi,,, ~* Injuftice or Error no Negligence, Infamy, Stain, or Cor ruption of Blood. By his Crown he is ipfi failo cleared of all Attainder : No Nonage or Minority are allowed in him and his very Grants of Lands, tho' held ,n his na tural Capacity, cannot be avoided by Nonage. Nay more the Law afenbes a kind of Perpetuity, or Immortality to him; Rex Angli* von morltur. His Death is termed his Dcmife becaufe the Crown is thereby demited to another. Heisfaid not to be liable to Death, as beiima Corporation of himfelf, that lives for ever. There is no Interregnum, but the Minute one Km* dies, his Heir is King, fully and abfolutely, without any Coronation Ce remony, l?c. To thefe it may be added, that the 'Law attributes a kind of Ubiquity to the Kim; he is in a manner everywhere, in all his Courts, and therefore can- not be nonfuited.

Some thin

gs, however, there are which he cannot do, "• ne cannot do Wrong, nor can he divert himfelf or Succeffors, of any part of his Regal Prerogative, Au'tho- j'^/f ' There are feveral things alfo which he cannot do, Salvo jure Salvo Juramento, £j? Saha Confcientia fua. particular there are two things which he cannot do Make new Laws,

In

ot the King s Servants toconfpire even that : tho' in other

without the Confent of Parliament orraifenew Taxes.

King of the Sacrifices, was the Title of a Prieft or Mi- nister of Religion in antient Rome. He was fuperior to the Flamen Diali,, but inferior to the P'ntifex Maxima, He was created at the Camilla, or Affembly of 'the Ccn tunes, and was ar firft chofen out of the Number of the Patricii. He could not, during his Office, hold anv Ma- giftracy, nor harangue the Peo! ie. He prefixed ar all the Sacrifices, proclaimed the Feafts, iSc. His Wife bi Title of Queen of the Sacrifices, and had herfelf the Ceremonies of Religion.

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ore the part in