Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/606

 REL

C985,)

REL

of Negation, which are between oppofite things : And thofe of fignifying a harfh Reflection of Flat againft Sharp, in a crofs Affirmation, which are Relations of Agreement between Whole Form ; -viz.. When fome harfh and difpleafmg Difcord is produ- m d Part, the Sign and Thing fignified, the Adjunct and ced, in comparing the prefenr Note of another Parr. — Harris. Subject.— This Divilion is founded upon this, that the Mind can Relation, in Law, is where two things, as Times, ire. are only compare things three Ways, viz. by inferring, denying, and confidered, as if they were one, the- thing iubfequent being con- affirming. Cdered as taking cried, by Relation, at the time preceding.

Others divide Relations into thofe of Origination ; thofe or A- As if A deliver a Writing to B, to be delivered to C, as the

mement, e. gr. Similirude, Parity, &c. thole of Diverfty; and Deed or A; the Writing fhall be deem'd to be deliver'd to C,

thofe of Order, as Priority, Poftericrity, ejv. at the time when it was given to B.

Others divide them into PraiJtcamental, Tranfcendental, and Prm- So Bills in Parliament to which the King affents on the laft

Jjcainenttil.— Under the firft come thofe Relations between things Day of Parliamenr, fhall relate, and be of Force from the firft

that belong to the fame Predicament ; e. gr. between Father and Day thereof. Coke calls it fiSio Juris. See Day, Time, &c. Son. To the latter belong thofe which are more general than the RELATIVE Proportions, are fuch as include fome Relation

Predicaments, or are of different Predicaments; as the Relati- and Comparifon. See Proposition. ous of Subftance and Accident; of Caufe and EffecT:; of Crea- Thus, where the Treafure is, there will the Heart be.— As

much as thou haft, five Proportions.

fo much thou art worth, &c. are Rela-

RELATIVE Place, RELATIVE Time,

RELATIVE Gravity,

RELATIVE Levitj,

&c.

( Place.

See <£ime. ^Gravity. VLf.vi.ty, &c t.

tor, e- & r - and Creature. See Transcendental, &c.

Mr. Lock gives us a Diflribution of Relation! on a different Bottom. — All fimple Ideas, he obferves, wherein are Parts or Degrees, afford an occalion or comparing the Subjects wherein [hey are, to one another, in refpect of thofe fimple Ideas : As, whiter, Tweeter, more, lefs, <&c. — Thefe, depending on the Equa- lly and Excefs of the fame fimple Idea, in Several Subjects, may be call'd proportional Relations.

Another occalion of comparing things being taken from the Circum [hnces of their Origin, as Father, Son, Brother, &c. Thefe may be called natural Relations.

Sometimes, the Foundation of confidering things, is fome Act whereby any one comes by a moral Right, Power, or Obligati- on to do fomething : Such are General, Captain, Burgher,- thefe are infHtuted and voluntary Relations, and may be diftinguifhed jects, &c. from the natural, in that they are alterable and feparable from Relative, in Grammar, is a Word or Term which in the the Perfons to whom they fometimes belonged, though neither Conftruction anfwers to fome Word fore-going, called the A?i~ of the Subftances fo related be deftroyed. But natural Relations tedent. See Antecedent. are not alterable, but are as lafting as their Subjects. Pronoun Relative, which Bujfier cluifes rather to call Modi-

Anorher Relation is the Conformity or Difagreement of ficative ov Determinative, is a Particle added after a Noun, orper- Men's voluntary Actions to a Rule, to which they are referr'd, fonal Pronoun, with which it has an Affinity, fo that without and by which they are judged of: Thefe may be called Moral Re- .them it fignifies nothing; its only ufe being to exprels in what fotions. view they are confidered. See Pronoun.

I: is this Conformity or Difagreement of our Actions to fome Of this Kind, in the Latin, are out, qua, quod, &c. in the Law (whereby Good or Evil is drawn on us from the Will and Engli/h, who, which, whom, <£rc. as in the Book which you are Power of the Law-maker, and is what we call Re-ward or Pa- reading ; the Man whom you feek; he who told it, &c— Where

Relative Terms, in Logic, are Words which imply a Rela* Hon, or a thing confidered as compared to another. See Rela- tion.

Relative Terms include a Kind of Opposition between them ; yet fo, as that the one cannot be without the other.

Such are Father and Son, Husband and Wife, King and Sub-

See

•which, whom, and -who only follow the Noun or Pronoun, refer or determine them to fome particular thing; as to feeking, reading, &e.

Frequently, the Noun or Pronoun wherewith the Relative or Pronoun is join'd, is underftood: As, I know who did that.

mflmmt) that renders our Actions morally Good or Evil. Good and Evil.

Of thefe moral Rules or Laws, there feem to be three forts, with their different Enforcements. Firft, the Divine Law: Se- condly, Civil Law : Thirdly, the Law of Opinion or Reputati- on. By their Relation to the firft, our Actions are either Sins Where 'tis evident t mean, I know the Perfon who did, &c. or Duties. To the fecond, Criminal or Innocent; to the third, RELAY, a frefli Equipage, Horfe, &c. fent before, or _ r Virtues or Vices. See Sin, Virtue, Vice, &c. pointed to be ready, for a Traveller to change ; to make the grea-

Relation, in Logic, is an Accident of Subftance: account- ter Expedition; as in riding Poft.

ed one of the ten Categories or Predicaments. See Predica- The Term is borrow'd from the French Reikis, which fignifies

ment and Category. the fame thing.— In France, the General of the Pofts entitles

Each Subftance admits of an Infinity of Relations. — Thus himfelf, Superintendant of the Relays.

the fame Peter, confidered with regard to Henry, is in the Rela- Relays, in Hunting, are frefh Sets of Dogs, or Horfes, or

tion of a Matter with regard to John, in that of a Tenant; with both, difpofed here and there, for readinefs, in Cafe the Game

regard to Mary, in that of a Husband, &c. Again, with regard come that way, to be caft off, or to mount the Hunters; in

to one Perfon, he is rich, with regard to another poor ; with re- gard to another, he is far, near, tall, fhort, a Neighbour, Stran- ger, learned, unlearned, good, bad, equal, &c.

Tis difpured among the School Pbiiofophers, whether or no the Relation be 1 thing formally and really diftinct from the Foun- dation of the Subftance. Set Substance.

Relation, is alfo ufed in the School Theology, to denote certain of the divine Perfections, call'd perfottal ones ; in regard by thefe one Divine Perfon is rcferr'd to another, and diftinguifh- ed from it. See Person.

Hence they teach, that in God there is one Nature, twoPro- cethons, three Perfons, and four Relations. See Trinity.

lieu of the former, which are fuppofed to want refpite. See Hunting.

Relay, in Tapiftry, is an opening left in a Piece of Tapiftry, where the Colours or Figures are to be chang"d ; becaufeon thofe Occafions the Workmen are changed; or clle, the Places are left to be filled up till the reft of the Work is done. See Ta- pistry.

RELAXATION, in Medicine, &c. the loofening or flack- ening of the Tone or Tenfion of the Fibres, Nerves, Mufcles, <&c. See Tension, Tone, &c. See alfo Fibre.

The Relaxation of a Mufcle is fuppofed to be effected* either by the Perfpiration of the nervous Spirits, or the Regrefs of the

Thefe Relations are Paternity, Filiation, active Spiration, and Spirits, Blood, &c. which inflated its Fibres; or by the con-

paffive Spiration- See Paternity, &c. See alfo Father, traction of the Air, in the Globules of Blood before expanded

Son, Spirit, &c. by the fudden influx and admixture of the Spirits, &,c See

Relation, in Geometry, Arithmetic, &c. is the Habitude, Muscle, and Muscular Motion.

or Refpedt of two Quantities to one another, with regard to their Relaxation, in Chirurgery, is a preternatural Exrenfion, or

Magnitude. — Th;s we more ufually call Ratio, Reafon. See ftraining of a Nerve, Tendon, Mufcle, or the like; either thro*

Ratio. Violence or Weakness.

The Equality or Samenefs of two fuch Relations, we call Pro- Hernias are Defcents or Relaxations of the Inteftines, &c.

portion. See Proportion. Hernia.

See

From the fame Caufe arifs Defcents or Prolapfions of the Anus, &c. See Procidentia and Prolapsus.

Relaxation, in Law, is ufed iox 2. Releafing. See Release. In this Senfe we fay the Relaxation of an Attachment, in the Court of Admiralty,

The Tenor of Indulgences is a Relaxation, or Diminution of the Pains of Purgatory- See Indulgence.

RELEASE, in Law, an Initrument, whereby Eftatcs, Rights, Titles, Entries, Actions, and other things are fomerimes extin- ( Relation is alfo frequently ufed for Analogy, or what feveral guifhed and annull'd, fomeumes transferr'd, ibmetimes abridg'd, tilings have in common. See Analogy. and fometimes enlarged.


 * n Painting, Architecture, &c . a certain Relation of the feve- A Releafi is either in Fail, or in Law.— A Releaje in Fact, is

ral Parts and Members of the Building or Picture, conftitutes that which the very Words expreffly declare— A Releafe in Law,

what we call Symmetry. See Symmetry. is that which doth acquit by way of Confequence, or Intend-

Relation Inharmonkah is a Term in mufical Compoficion, mem of Law. ___ _

RELE-

Relation, in Grammar, is the Correfpondence which Words have to one another in Conftruction. See Construction.

Pauley and irregular Relations are the things chiefly to be guard- ed againft, in writing correctly; they make the Senfe obfeure, fre- quently equivocal. —Thus : The Orator was attended to with a Coldneis, which was the more remarkable, as the Audience were Under fome Emotion ere he began,— Here, Coldnefs being put in- determinately, the Relative which, can have no juft and regular Relation thereto. Sec Relative.