Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/605

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REL

The King alone can Rehabilitate an Officer noted, condemn- ed and degraded ; or a Gentleman who has derogated from his Degreee. See Nobility.

The Pope alone pretends to Rehabilitate, i. e. to render capa- ble of Benefices, and Order?, fuch as had fallen into Herefy, or other Irregularities.

In Romifh Countries, an Ecclefiaftick who aflifts at the Execu- tion of a Sentence of Death, is to be rehabilitated, by an Abfo- hition call'd a S,svis See Absolution.

REHEARSAL, inMufickand the Drama, an EfTay or Ex- periment of fome Compofkion, made in private, previous to the Reprefentation or Performance thereof in publicly to habituate the Actors or Performers, and make them more ready and perfect an their Parts.

There is a new Tragedy in Rehearfal.—The Rebearfal of the Anthem, &c.

REIMBURSEMENT, in Commerce, the Action of repaying, or returning what Monies a Perfbn had received, by way of ad- vance, &c. or what another has disburfed or paid for us.

A Peribn who gives a Bill of Exchange in Payment, is to re~ imburfe it ; if it come to be protefted, for want of being accept- ed or paid. See Bill, Protest, &c.

Reimbursing is alfo ufed for the paying the Price a Com- modity coftsits Owner.— Thus he has furrendred to me the Lot of Mcrchandicc adjudged to him at the Sale at London, by the Directors of the Eaf-lndia Company; on Condition of rehnbur- fmg the Price of the Purchafej with the Expences of Carriage, and a Profit of 5 per Cent.

REINFORCED King, of a Canon, is that next after the Trunnions, betwixt them and the Vent. See Ordnance.

REINFORCEMENT, in War, a fupply, or new Provifion of Men, Arms, Ammunition, &c.

REINS, in Anatomy, the ILidmys; or that Part of an Ani- mal whereby the Urine is feparatcd from the Blood. See Kid- neys. See alfo Urine.

The Word, according to Varro, is form'd from the Greek? caroT$pw } ^uafiRivi obfie?ii humoris ab iis oriantur. — The Greeks call the Rem, vt from the Verb, vt<?puv, to Snow, Rain. See Nephritic.

In the Manage, we fay, aHorfe mould have double Reins; which is when he has them a little more elevated on each Side of the Back-bone, than upon it; & that pafting your Hand along it, you find it large, well furnifhed and double, by the Hollow that goes all along the Back-bone.— The Back fhould be firm, and not Hollow, or bending from the Withers to the Croup, but ftraight. See Horse.

The Reins of Horfes, are alfo two flraps of Leather meet- ing in the Bridie-Hand or theHorfeman, in order to make the Bit bear, and keep the Horfe under Subjection. See Bridle.

A Falfi Rem is a Lath of Leather, paffed fometimes through the Arch of the Banquet, to bend the Horfe's Neck.

REINSTATING, the rcftoring of a Perfon or Thing to its former State or Condition, from whence it had been difturbed or difplaced.

REINTEGRATION. See Redintegration.

REIS, or Re, or Res, a little Portugueze Copper Coin, near- ly equal to the French Denier tournois? or to a third Part of the Evglif]} Farthing. See Coin.

The Reis is both a Current and an imaginary Money •? the Fortugueze ufually reckoning by Reis? as the Spaniards by Marave- its. See Maravedis.

Strangers in treating with them, are frequently furprized with Demands of feveral thoufand Rcis? when the Matter betwixt them is only of a few Pieces of Eight; the Millnis, or thou- fand Reis, only making 6s, -$a. Sterl.—j^o of them are equal to the Piece of Eight. See Millreis.

REITTERS, an antient Title given the German Cavalry.— The Word is originally German? and fignifies aHorfeman, or Ca- valier.

REJOYNDER, in Law, an Anfwer or Exception to a Re- plication. See Replication.

The Order in the Court of Chancery is thus.— Firft, the De- fendant puts in an Anfwer to the Plaintiff's Bill, which is fome- times call'd an Exertion: The Plaintiff's Anfwer to this is call'd a Replication ; and the Defendant's Anfwer to that, a Rejoymder. See Bill and Chancery.

The Civilians call it Duplicatio. See Duplication.

REJOYNTING, in Architecture, the filling up the Joints of the Stones in old Buildings, & c. when wore Hollow by Courfe of Time, or Water.

Rejoyjiti-ag is perform'd with the belt Mortar ; as that of Lime, and Ciment,- iometimes, alfo with Plaiiter, as in the Joints of Vaults, <&c. See Mortar, &c.

REITERATION, the Act of repeating a thing, or doing it a fecoad time. See Repetition.

The Church does not allow of the Reiteration of Baptifm. See Baptism.

St. Gregory obferves, that 'tis no Reiteration, when (there are wanting Proofs of the thing's being regularly done before. See Rebaptizants.

In Pleurifies, the Phyficians order the bleeding to be reiterated fix or feven rimes. See Pleurisy.

REITERATING, in Printing. See Printing.

RELAPSE, a return or back-Aiding into a Danger, or Evil ■ out of which a Perfon had efcaped.

Fevers, Dropfies, &c. are Difeafes into which Relapfes are ve- ry frequent and dangerous.— Such a Peribn is relapfed into a He- refy he had abjured.

RELATION, in Philofophy, the mutual Refpetl of two things ; or what each is, with regard to the other.

The Word Relation is form'd a referenda ; as confifting in this* that one thing is refer d to another : Whence it is alfo call'd Re- fpeB? Habitude, Comparijbn? &C. See Comparion and Habi- tude.

The Idea of Relation we acquire, when the Mind fo confiders any thing, that it doth, as it were, bring it to, and let it by, ano- ther; and carry its view from the one to the other.— Hence the Denominations given to things intimating this Refpect, are cal- led Relatives; and the things fo brought together, are laid to be Related.

Thus when I call Cuius, Husband; or tin's Wall 'whiter ; I inti- mate fome other Perfon or Thing in both Cafes, with which I compare hi?n or it.— Hence, the Wall is call'd by theSchooImen, the Subjetl; the thing it exceeds in whitenefs, thzTcrm; and the whitenefs the Foundation of the Relation.

Relation may be conlidered two Ways ; either on the Part of the Mind referring one thing to another; in which Scnfe Relation is only a Mode or Affection of the Mind, whereby we make fuch Comparifon : Or on the Part of the things rcfer'd, which being no other than Ideas, Relation, in this Senfe, is only a new Idea refulting or ariiing in the Mind, upon canlidering of twoo- ther Ideas. — So that Relatwi, take it which way you will, is only the Mind ; and has nothing to do with the things themfelves. See Idea.

Any of our Ideas, Mr. Lock obferves, may be the Foundation of Relation.— Though where Languages have failed to give corre- lative Names, the Relation is not fo eafily taken Notice of : As in Concubine, which is a Relative Name, as well as Wife.

There is, in effect, no Idea but is capable of an infiniteNum- ber of Relations : Thus one fingle Man may at once tuftsin the Relations of Father, Brother, Son, Husband, Friend, Subject, General, European, MngUfhman 3 Iflandcr, Matter, Servant, Big- ger, Left, &c. to an almoft infinite- Number; he being capable of as many Relations? as there can beoccafionsof comparinghim to other things, in any manner of Agreement or Difagreement, or any refpect whatfoever.

The Ideas of Relations are much clearer and more diftinct, than of the things related; becaufe the Knowledge of one fimple Idea is oftentimes fufficient to give the Notion of a Relation .- But to the knowing of any fubftantial Being, an accurate Col- lection of fundry Ideas is neceffary. See Substance.

The Perceptions we have of the Relations between various Ideas wherein the Mind acquiefces, makes what we call Judg- ment.— -Thus, when I juc^e 2 times 2 make 4. or does not make 5; I only perceive the Equality between 2 times 2 and 4; and the inequality between 2 times 2 and y. See Judgment.

The Perceptions we have of tht Releti&m between the Relati- ons of various things, conftirures what we call Reafoning.— Thus when from this, that 4 is a fmaller Number than 6 ; and that twice 2 is equal to 4; I gather that twice 2 is a lefs Number than 6 ■? I only perceive the Relation of the Numbers twice 2 and 4, and the Relation of 4 and 6. See Reasoning.

The Ideas of Caule and Effect, we get from our Obfer nation of the Viciffitude of Things, while we perceive fome Qualities or Subftances begin to exiffc, and that they receive their Exigence from the due Application and Operation of other Beings.— Thar which produced], is the Caufe; that which is produced, the Ef- fect. See Cause and Effect.

Thus Fluidity in Wax is the Effect of a cerrain Degree of Heat, which we obferve to be confhntly produced by the Ap- plication of fuch Heat.

The Denomination of Things taken from time, are for the moft part only Relations. — Thus when it is (aid, that Queen Elizabeth lived fixty-nine, and reigned forty-five Years, no more is meant, than that the Duration of her Exiftence was equal to fixty-nine, and of her Government to forty-five annual Revolutions of the Sun : And fo are all Words anfwering to how long.

Young and Old, and other Words of Time, that are thought to ftand for pofitive Ideas, are indeed Relative ; and intimate a Relation to a certain length of Duration, whereof we have the Idea in our Minds.— Thus wc call a Man young or old, thai: hath lived little or much of that Time, which Men ufuaily attain to -. And thus a Man is called young at twenty, but an Horfe old,

There are other Ideas, that are truly Relative, which we figtii- fy by Names that are thought pofitive and abfolute; fuch as great and little, ftrong and weak. — The things thus denominated, are referred to fome Standards with which we compare them : Thus we call an Apple Great, which is bigger than the ordinary- Sort of thole we have been ufed to ; and a Man weak, that has not fo much Strength or Power to move, as Men ufually have, or thofe of his own Size.

Authors give various. DiviGons of Relations. — The School Phi- Iofophers commonly divide them into thofe of Origination? under Which are comprehended the Relations of Caufe and Effect- Thofe

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