Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/601

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tent Rays confiit.— Thus the moll refrangible Rays, i. e. the fed ones, he fuppofes to confift of the largeft Particles ; the leaft Re- frangible, *'. e. the Violet Rays, of the fmalleft Particles; and the intermediate Rays, Yellow, Green, and Blue, of Particles, of intermediate Sizes. See Red, Green, Violet, &e.

Refraction, in Commerce, aTerm fomecimes ufed by Mer- chants, where there has been an overfight in an Account, to the Prejudice of a Perfon, who thereupon demands Reftitution of fo much, added or omitted by Miftake.

You muft make me a Refraftionof five Pound forgot in your Account.— I'll Deduct or make you Refrattion of 30 f. charged inadvertently in my Bill.

REFRET, in Munch. See Ritornelo.'

REFRIGERATIVE, in Medicine, a Remedy or Diet which refrefries the inner Parts by cooling them.

Such, dually, are Ptifans, Glyfters, Potions, &c. See Pti- sans, &c.

REFRIGERATORY, in Chymiftry, a Cooler ; or a VeiTel, filled with cold Water, placed about the Head of an Alembic, to cool and condenfe the Vapours rais'd thither by the Fire, and to convert them into a Liquor, to be difcharged thence through the Beak. See Distillation, Alembic, Spirit, Water, &c.

The Water in the Refrigeratory is to be changed from time to time, as it begins to grow warm.

Sometimes they content themfelves with wrapping a wet Cloth about the Head of the Alembic, inftead of a Refrigeratory: But the more ufual Method now ufed to fupply the Place of the Re- frigeratory, is by a Worm, or fpiral Pipe running through a Tub of cold Water. — Diflillarion is perform'd by Evaporation and Refrigeration. See Evaporarion, &c.

REFUGE, RefugiUxM, in our old Cuftoms, a Sanctuary or Afylum. See Sanctuary and Asylum.

At Paris is a Hofpital called the Refuge* wherein diflolute Wo- men are fhut up. See Magdalen.

REFUGEES, Vtencb-Cahimfls, who by the Revocation of the Edict of Nants, in 1685, have been conftrain'd to quit their Country, and retire for Refuge into Holland, Germany, England, &c. to lave themfelves from the neceffity of abandoning their Religion. See Edict.

REGAL, fomething belonging to a King. See King.

Regalisof the fame import with Royal; the former being form'd of the Latin Rex; the other of the French, Roy t King. See Royal.

Regal Fifbes. See Royal Fifbes.

REGALE, in the French, Jurifprudence, is a Right belonging to the King over all Benefices. See Benefice-

The Regale confifts in enjoying the Revenues of Bifhopricks during the vacancy of their Sees; and of prefenting to the Bene- fices dependant thereon, which become vacant during that time, and 'till a SucceiTor have taken the Oath of Fidelity, and have pro- cured Letters Patents, to fecure him from the Regale,

The Enjoyment of the Fruits of the See is called the Temporal Regale; that of prefenting 10 Benefices the fpiritual Regale.

Some refer the Origin of the Regale to the time of Clouis, and fay the Clergy granted this Priviledge to the King, upon his de- feating the Vifigoths ; others fay, Pope Adrian gratified Cbarle- maign with it, in a Council held at Rome. — 'Tis obferv'd by o- thers, that the Regale was originally no more than a Ward, or Adminiftration ; and that the Kings were only Depofitaries of the Fruits of the vacant Bifhopricks, and appointed Oeconomi to look to them during the Vacancy. See Oeconomies.

'Tis added, that the Kings of the firft and fecond Race never enjoy'd any fuch Priviledge, and that it was only introduced in the twelfth Century, in favour of Inveftitures. See Investi- ture.

Regale, Regalio, a magnificent Treat or Entertainment, given Embaffadors, or other Perfons of Diftinttion, to divert or do them Honour.

In Italy 'tis ufual at the Arrival of any Traveller of Eminence, to fend him a Regale; that is, a Prefent of Fruits, Sweet-Meats, &c. by way of Refrefhmenf.

REGALIA, in Law, the Rights or Prerogatives of a King. See King.

Thefe are reckoned by Civilians to be fix; i°. Power of Ju- dicature. % Q. Power of Life and Death. 3 . Power of War and Peace. 4 . Mafterlefs Goods. 5 . AiTefsments. 6°. Minting of Money. See Royalties.

Regalia isalfo ufed for the feveral Parts of the Apparatus of a Coronation ; as the Sceptre with the Crofs ; Sceptre with the Dove $ St. Edward's Staff"; four feveral Swords; the Globe; the Orh with the Crofs, &c. ufed at the Coronation of our Kings. See Coronation.

Regalia, of the Chr/rcb, are thofe Rights and Priviledges Which Cathedrals, &c, enjoy by Grants, and other Conceffions of Kin^s. See Church, Cathedral, &c.

Sometimes the Term is ufed for the Patrimony of the Church ; as Regalia Santli Fetrh &c and particularly for fuch Lands and Hereditaments as have been given by King's to the Church.— Cepi- mts in Manum nojlra?n Baroniam & Regalia qua Archiepiftoput Eborum de nobis tenet. Pryn. Lib. Ang.

Thefe Regalia while in Poffeflion of the Church, were fubject to the fame Services as all other temporal Inheritances ; and after

the Death of the Bifliop reverted to the King, 'till he invefted another with them ; which in the Reigns of William the Conque- ror, and fome of his immediate SuccefTors, was frequently de- lay'd, and as oft did the Bifhops make Complaint thereof, as appears from Malmesbury i Ncuhlge'nfis, &c. See Bishop.

This laft Author fays, that great Complaint was made againft Henry II. Quod Epifcopatus Vacatiies, & provenientia perciperet com- moda-, diu vacare voluit, <&■ Ecclefiaficis potius ufibus applkanda hi

jifcum redegit. See Temporality, Benefice, &c.

Regalia facere, is ufed for a Bifhop's doing Homage or Feal- ty to the King, when he is inverted with the Regalia.

Thus Malmsbttry, in Anfelm. Regalia pro more ijlius temporis fa- ciens principi 7 Kalend. Oiiobris, Ca?ttuarix ajfedit.

REGALIS Aqua, or Aqua Regia, an Acid corrofive Spirit or Water, ferving, as a Menftruum, to diffolve Gold. SeeDis- solution.

The Balis or effential Ingredient of Aqua Regia, is common or Sea Salt,- which is the only Salt in Nature that will operate on Gold. See Gold and Salt.

There are divers Ways of preparing it ; for, in effect, the Salt will not fail of its End, in what form foever applied. — The com- mon Way is by mixing common Salt, or Sal Armoniac, with Spirit of Nitre; or with common Aqua Fortis, which is made of Nitre and Vitriol. See Aqua Fortis.

It has its Name from its diilblving Gold, reputed among Chy- mifts, the King of Metals.

Aqua Regatis diflblves Gold, but not Silver ^ Aqua Fortis Sil- ver, but not Gold.— For the rcafon hereof fee Menstruum.

REGARD, of the Foielt, the over-fight or inipection there- of ; or the Oificc or Province of the Regardtr ; which is to go through the whole Foreft, and every Bailiwick thereof, before the holding of the Seftions of the Foreft, or Juftice Seat ; to fee and enquire of the TrefpafTes therein. See Forest.

Advidendum, ad Inquirendum, ad Imbrevianda?n, ad certificanA dum, dec. See Regarder.

Regard is alfo ufed for the Extent of the Regarder s Charge, i e. for the whole Foreft ; or all the Ground that is Parcel thereof. See Purlieu.

REGARDANT, in Heraldry, is underftood of a Lion, or o- ther Beaft of Prey, bore in a Pofture of looking behind him, with his Face towards his Tail.

Others apply it to a Beaft. which only fliews the Head, and fome Part of the Neck, as moving from out of fome Divifion of the Coat into another. — He bears Azure, three Bends, Or, in a chief Argent, charg'd with a Lion regardant Gules.

Villain Regardant, or Regardant to the Manour, is an anti- ent Officer, or Retainer to the Lord ; thus called becaufe charged to do all bafe Services within the Manour, to fee the fame freed of all filthy and loathfome things that might annoy it. Coke on Littleton, Fol. 120.

REGARDER, Regardator Forcfla?, an antienc Officer of the King's Foreft, whofe Bulineis was every Year, upon Oath, to make a Regard, i. e. take a View of the Foreft Limits ; alfo to enquire of all Offences and Defaults committed by the Fo- refters within the Foreft, and of all the Concealments of them, and whether all the other Officers did execute their refpective Duties or not. See Forest.

Manwood refers this Inftitution to King Henry II. but Spelmajt thinks the Name, at leaft, was given fince, and that they were the fame with thofe Officers called Cuftodes Vmationis. See Regard.

REGEL, or Rigel, a fix'd Star of the firit Magnitude, in Orions Left Foot. — Its Longitude, Latitude, &c. fee among the reft of the Conftellation Orion.

REGENERATION, in Theology, the Ad of being born again by a fpiritual Birth, or of becoming a Child of God. See Conversion.

Regeneration is perform'd by the wnfhing of the Holy Spirit* whereof Baptifm is the Sign. See Baptism.

When an Infidel is converted, Baptifm is adminiftred as a Sign of Regeneration.

REGENT, a Perfon who governs a Kingdom during the Minority, or the Abfence of the King. See Vice Roy.

In France, the Queen Mother has the Regency of the King- dom, under the Title of Queen Regent, while the King is a Mi- nor. — Some have urged that Women bei-ig incapable of fucceed- ing to thau Crown, were incapable of the Regency; but Cuftotn has declared in their favour. See Salic

Regent is alfo ufed for a Profeffor of Arts or Sciences, who holds a Clafs, or fet of Pupils., in a Colledge. See College.

The Foreign Univerfities are generally compofed of Doctors, ProfefTors and Regents. Regent and Scholar are Relative Terms. See Tutor.

Regent is generally reftrain'd to the lower Gaffes, as Regent of Rhetoric, Regent of Logic,  King of the Sacrifices, flying out of the Comitia, or the

Place