Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/590

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RED

others will have the real Hematites to be another Stone. See Haematites.

REDEEMABLES, are Lands, Funds, &c. fold with a Re* fervation of the Equity of Redemption. See Redemption.

Crown Lands are redeemable for ever ; others only for a cer- tain time. See Fund.

REDEMPTION, in Law, a Faculty or Right of re-enter- ing upon Lands, &c. that have been fold, and affign'd ; upon re- imburfing the Purcbafe-Money, with legal Cofts.

Bargains wherein the Faculty, or as fome call it, the Equity of Redemption, is reserved ; are only a Kind of Pignorative Con- "trafts..

A certain time is limited, within which the Faculty of Re- demption fhall beexercifed; and beyond- which it .mall not ex- pend-

REDEMPTIONS, in our old Law-Writers, denotegrievous . Mulcts impofed by way of Commutation for the Head or Life of the Delinquent. See Ransom and Misericordia.

REDENS, or Redant, or Redan, in Fortification, a Kind of Work indented in Form of the Teeth of a Saw, with Sali- ent and Re-entering Angles, to the end that one Part may de- fend another. See Work, Defence, &c.

It is alio call'd Saw-work ; The Faces Flank one another.

Redans are frequently ufed in the fortifying of Walls, where it is not neceflary to be at the Expence of building Baftions ; as when they ftand on the Side of a River, a Madia, the Sea, &c.

The Parapet of the Corridor is frequently redented. See Pa- rapet and Counterscarp.

REDINTEGRATION, in the Civil Law, the Adtion of reltoring a Perfon to the Enjoyment of a thing, whereof he had been illegally dilpofTeiTed.

In France, where a Perfon is defpoiled of his Property, he claims it again by a Red'mtegrand, or Action of Reftitution.

The Reaintegrand muft be demanded within a Year and a Day, otherwife it is precluded.

Redintegration, in Chymiftry, the reftoring of any mist Body, or Matter, whole Form has been deftroyed by Calci- nation, Corrofiom Sublimation, or the like, into its former Na- ture and Conftiturion.

The Redintegration of Mercury is properly call'd Revocation, See RevificatioN.

Mr. Boyle has an exprefs Treatife on the Redintegration of Salt-Petre; where he (hews that after reducing it by Fluxion in- to fix'd Nitre, which is next of-kin to Salt of Tartar in all its Properties; he could prefendy Redintegrate it by poirinc a fuf- ficient Quantity of Spirit of Nitre to it; i. e. he could re-produce true Cryftals of the ufual Form and Virtue. See Salt- Petre. ,

Tis a ftro.ng Objection againft: the Chymical Principles, that you cannot redintegrate the Body they were procured from, by re-mixing them. See'pRiNclPLE and Element.

This feems to argue that the Body did not properly confift of fiich Elements. Or that they were not originally contain'd in it, but wercrather produced by the Fire. See Fire, <&c

REDHIBITION, in the Civil Law,- an Action in a Court whereby to annul the Sale of fome Moveable, and to oblige the Seller to take it back again, upon the Buyer's finding it damag'd, or that there was fome perfonal Cheat, ©"c.

The Redhibition has Place in feveral Cafes, in the Body of the Civil Law. — If a Horfe was fold that had the Glanders, were broken-winded, or founder d, 'twas a redhibitory Cafe; and the Buyer might be obliged to take him again within nine Days.

R.EDISSEISIN, in Law, a DhTeifin made by him who once before was found and adjudg'd to have diifeis'd the fame Man of his Lands or Tenements; for which there lies a fpecial Writ, QaUM a Writ of Redijfeifm.

RED-MANS, or Radmans, in Domefday, and other anti- ent Books, are probably the fame with Rod, or Rad-Knights ; viz- Men who by the Tenure or Cuftom of their Lands were to ride with or for the Lord of the Manour about his Bufi- nefs.

REDOUBT, Reduct, in Fortification, a fmall fquare Fort, without any Defence but in Front; ufed in Trenches, Lines of Circumvallation, Contravallation, and Approach ; as alfo for the lodging of Corps de Garde, and to defend PalTages. See Fort.

In marfhy Grounds, Redoubts are often made of Mafon's Work for the Security ot the Neighbourhood : Their Face con- fifts of from ten to fifteen Fathom ; the Ditch round them from ■eight to nine Foot broad and deep; and their Parapets have the &me tliicknefs.

The Word is form'd from the Latin, reduBus.

REDRESSING, the rectifying or letting of any thing ftraight again. See Rectification.

Trees and other Plants have a natural Faculty of redrefjing themfelves, when by any external Caufe they are forced out of the Perpendicular. See Perpendicularity.

A o redre/i Grievances, is to reform or remove them.

To redrefs a Stag, among Hunters, is to put him off his

KEDSEAR. See Iron.

REDUBBORS, thole who buy ftollca Cloatbs, &c. and to

the End they may not be known, turn them into fome other Co- lour or Fafliion, &c.

REDUCING Scale, is a thin broad piece of Box, with feve- ral different Scales of equal Parts, and Lines thereon ; for turning Chains and Links into Acres and Rods, by Infpection, See Re- duction, <&c.

It is uied by Surveyors to reduce Maps or Draughts ftom one Dimenfion into another : It is fometimes call'd the Surveying Scale- See Scale.

REDUCT, is a military Term, fignifying an advantageous Piece of Ground, entrench'd and feparated from the reft of the Place, Camp, ~<&c. foran Army, Garrifon, e£c. to retire to in! cafe of Surprize.

Reduct, in Building, a Quirk, or little Place, taken out of a larger, to make it more uniform and regular; or for fome other Convenience, as for little Cabinets afide of Chimneys, Alcoves, &c.

Reduct, among Chymifls, is a Powder by which calcin'd Me- tals and Minerals are reduced again to their Regulus, or pure Sub- fiance. See Regulus, Calx, efc

REDUCTION, Reductio, in the Schools, a manner" of bringing a Term or Propofition, which before was oppofite to fome other, to be equivalent thereto.

Reduclion is effected by the Addition or Retrenchment of a Negative Particle. Thus to reduce this Propofition ; No Man is an Animal, to be equivalent to its oppofite, Every Man is an Animal; I drop the Negative, and lay, Man is an Animal — After the like manner might the Term, every Man, be reduced, by adding the Negative, and faying, there is no Man.

Reduction of Fropoftions, is ufed in a more general Seme, for any Expreiiion of a Propofition, by another Propofition e- quivalent thereto. See Proposition.

To a Reduclion, therefore, there are two Propofitions requir'd ; the reduced and reducing; which are confidered as the Extremes thereof; and to be connected in the Reduclion, by means of the Particle that is, which here has the effect of a Copula.'

As here* Only Animals think ; that is, Animals think, and no- thing beftde Animals think. — Where the Propofition preceeding the Particle, is reduced, and the Subject of the Reduclion; that following ; he Particle, reduces, and has the Effect of the Predi- cate of the Reduclion : And the Particle that is, ads as a Copu- la, importing, not barely that the Propofition is exprefs'd by an- other, but by another equivalent one, or as it were the fame.

Reduction of Syllogifms, is a regular changing or transforming of an imperfect Syllogiim into a perfect one: Or it is a change of a Syllogifm in reipect of form, whereby the Neceflity of the Illation or Inference is made more evident. See Syllogism.

Reduclion obtains in Syllogifms of the fecond and third Fi- gure; as alfo in the indirect Modes of the firft.— By it thefe are all brought to the firit. See Mood and Figure.

There are two Kinds of this Reduclion, the one Direcl or Of' tenfve, performed meerly by a Converfion of one or both the PremifTes, or by a Tranfpofition thereof; as when Camestr.es is reduced to Celarent.

The other IndirecJ, call'd per Impofjtbik, or ad Abfurdum, where- by the Perfon who denies the Goodnefs and Legitimacy of an im- perfect Syllogifm, is reduced to aflert or grant fomething abfurd and impoifible; or contradictory to fome other thing main- tained by him.

Suppofe E. gr. a Perfon granting the PremifTes of the follow- ing Syllogifm, denies the Conclufion. — All Fraud is prohibited, but fome Trading is not prohibited, therefore fome Trading is not Fraud. — We thus proceed againft him: If the Syllogifm be not good, the Antecedent isjuft, but the Confequent falfe; and therefore the contrary of the Conclufion muft be true : Now, I take the contrary of the Conclufion which you thus give, viz. all Trading is Fraud; and of that with the other Premife of the former Syl- logifm, viz. the Major, which you likewife grant, make a new Syllogifm; thus, All Fraud is prohibited; all Trading is Fraud; therefore all Trading is prohibited. But this Propofition, allTrading is prohibited ; and the other, fame Trading is prohibited, which you granted me in the firft Syllogifm, are Contradictories.

Reduction, in Arithmetick, is the converting of Monies, Weights and Meafures into the fame Value in other Denomi- nations ; e. gr. Pounds into Shillings and Pence ; or Shillings and Pence into Pounds.

The Reduclions of the principal Moneys, Coins, Weights, and Meafures, Antient and Modern, Foreign and Domeftick, are found under the refpe&ive Articles, Money, Coin, Weight, Measure, Pound, Foot, &c.

Reduclion is of two Kinds : i°. Defending; when a Quantity is to be brought from a higher Denomination to a lower.

This is done by confidering how many of the next lefs Deno- mination are contained in the next greater before, and by that Number multiplying the greater. See Multiplication.

Thus Pounds are reduced into Shillings by multiplying by 20 ; Shillings, into Pence, by multiplying by 12; and Pence into Far- things, by multiplying by 4. See Pound, &c.

Troy Pounds are reduced into Grains, by multiplying by 12,20, and 24. And Averdupois Hundreds into Ounces, by 4, 28> and 16. See Ounce, &c.

The 2 9. Afcending; when a lower Denomination be to be re- duced to an higher, *