Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/589

 RED

( P72 )

RED

Major Interims, — Minor Intermit, and Recltts Palpebral.

Rectus Abdominis, is a Mufcle of the lower Belly, which arifes from the Sternum, and the Extremity of the laft two Ribs; and goes ftraight down to the fore-part of the Abdomen, to be inferred in fr.eOs Pubis. See Abdomen.

It hath three or four Innervations, or rather tendinous Coarcta- tions of its flefhy Fibres, which divide the Belly of it, as it were, into fo many diftinct Mufcles.

It has Veins and Arteries, which creep on its Infide from the Mamillary and Epigaftrick Veffels, which communicate toge- ther, that the Blood may return by the Mamillary Veins, when the Paffage is flopped by the Epigaftrick which are comprefs'd in Women with Child.

Rectus Vemoris, is a Mufcle of the Leg, which arifing from the lower Part of the Spine of the Ilium, and defcending between the two Vafii, is inferred into the Patella. See Femur.

Rectus Palpebrals a Mufcle that lifts upthe Eye- lid : It arifeth from the Bottom of the Orbit of the Eye, where the Optic Nerves pierce the Cranium, and palling above the Superbus, is inferted by a large Tendon to the Border of the Eye-lid. See

PaLPEBRvE.

Rectus Capitis Lateralis, a pair of fhort thick flefhy Mufcles, rifmg from the fuperior Part of the Tranfverfe Proceffes of the firit Vertebra of the Neck, whence it afcends, and is inferted in- to the Os Occipitis. See Head.

Its ufe is to move the Head laterally towards either Shoulder : When they act together, being Antagonifts, they keep it fteady.

Rectus Externus Capitis Major, the third pair of Mufcles of the Head, arifrag flelhy and tendinous from the upper Part of the dou- ble Spine of the fecond Vertebra of the Neck, and fpreading in its Afcent, is inferted into the Pofterior Part of the Os Occipitis. —It ferves to draw the Head directly back upon the firft Ver- tebra.

Rectus Externus Minor, a Pair of Mufcles arifing from rhe Hind-part of the firft Vertebra of the Neck; and inferted into the middle of the Os Occipitis.

It ferves likewife to draw the Head directly backwards.

Thefe rwo Mufcles are alfo call'd Renuentes.

Rectus Interims Capitis Major, a Pair of Mufcles arifing from the Fore-part of the five Interior Tranfverfe Proceffes of the firft Vertebra of the Back, near its great Hole.

Rectus Internus Minor, lies on the Fore-part of the firft Ver- tebra, like the Rettus Minor, on the Back-part; and is inferted into the Anterior Appendix of the Os Occipitis, immediately un- der the former.

Thefe ferve to nod the Head forwards, being Antagonifts to the Reftus Externus, or Renuens, on the back of the Head ; and are hence alfo called Atmuentes.

Rectus in Curia, in Law, is one that Hands at the Bar, and no Man objefls any thing againft him.

When a Man hath reverfed rhe Outlawry, and can participate of the Benefit of the Law, he is RecJus in Curia. See Out- lawry.

RECURRENT, in Anatomy, a Nerve arifing from the Par Vagum, and diftributing feveral Branches to the Larynx; to afiift in the formation and modulation of the Voice; thence alfo call'd the VocalNerve. See Nerve. Voice, &c.

It has its Name Recurrent from its reafcending or running back again from the Thorax, to the Larynx.

Thefe arc really two Recurrents, right and left ; the left arifes from the Trunk of the Vagum; the right from a Plexus thereof, immediately under the Clavicle.— They both run up along the Trachea, to which they impart fome Twigs, and end at laft: in the Mufcles of the Larynx.

Their Office appears partly hence, that a Dog is not able to bark after they are cut. See Larynx.

RECUSANTS, Perfons who refufe to acknowledge the King's Supremacy. See Supremacy.

Such are the Roman Catholicks, who hold the Pope to be o- ver him; hence called Popifb Recufants. See Pope and King.

The Romanifts are not charged with double Taxes, &c. meer- ly as Romanifts, but as Recufants.

RECUSATION, an A& whereby a Judge is defired to re- frain from judging fome certain Caufe, on account of his Relati- on to one of the Parties ; of fome Capital Enmity, or the like.

A Relation within the fourth Degree, is deem'd a legal Caufe of Recufation, as alfo the Judge's being God-father, &c. of one of the Parties.

RED, in Phyficks, one of the Ample or primary Colours of natural Bodies, or rather of the Rays of Light. See Body, Ray, and Colour.

The Red Rays are thofe of all others the leaft refrangible ■ Hence, as Sir Ifaac Newton fuppofes the different Degrees of Retrangibilityto arife from the different Magnitudes of the lu- minous Particles whereof the Rays confift; the red Rays, or red Light, is concluded to be that which confifts of the larger!: Par- ticles. See Refrangibility.

Authors diffinguifh three general Kinds of Red: One border- ing on the Blue, as Columbine, or Dove Colour, Purple, and Crimfon. See Purple, &i.

Another bordering on Yellow, as Flame-Colour and Orange. See Orange, ejre.

Between thefe Extremes is a Medium partaking neither of the one nor the other; which is what we properly call Red.

Acids turn Black, Blue, and Violet, into Red; and Red into Yellow ; and Yellow into a very pale Yellow.— Alcali's change Red into Violet, or Purple and Yellow into feuillemorr, or dead Leaf Colour. See Acid and Alcali.

Terreftrial and Sulphureous Matters become Red by extreme Heat; and fome, at length, Black; as we fee in Brick, red Bole:, red Chalk, Slate, Pumice, ejre. which when vitrified by a burn- ing Glafs, become Black.

Lobfters become Red by a moderate Fire; and by a violent one, Black. Mercury and Sulphur nuYd and heated over a mo- derate Fire, make a beautiful Red call'd Artificial Cinnabar. See Cinnabar.

An acid Spirit, as Lemon Juice, being poured on a blue So- lution of Turnfol, turns it into a beautiful Red.— Alkali reftores it to its original Blue. Filtrating of the reddeft Wine takes from ic all its red Colour.

M. Be la Hire obferves, that a very luminous Body view'd through a Black one, always appears Red: As when the Sun is feen fhinmg through a black Cloud. He adds, that many People who fee all the other Colours perfeSly well, yet have no Idea of Red, and only fee it as Black. See Blue.

Red, in Dying, is one of the five Simple or Mother Colours of the Dyers. See Dying.

Some reckon feven Kinds or Cafts of Red: viz. Scarlet Red, CrimfouRed, Madder Red, Half-Grain Red, Lively Orange Red, and Scarlet of Cocheneel. But they may be all reduced to three ■ ac- cording to the three principal Drugs which give the Colours ; which are Vermillion, Cochineel, and Madder. ric, Water prepared with Bran and turn'd a little fourifh, Woad and Scarlet Grain, or Vermillion. Some Dyers add Cochineel, and others Fennigreek; brightening it with four Water, Aga- ric, Tartar, and Turmeric. See Scarlet.
 * The fine Scarlet, call'd Scarlet of the Gobelins, is made of Aga-

Crimfon Red is made with four Water, Tartar, and Cochineel Meftique. See Crimson.

Madder Red is made with Madder; to which fome add Real- gal, or Arfenic; others common Salt, or other Salts, with Wheat Flower; or Agaric with Spirit of Wine, with Galls or Turme- ric. See Madder.

The Half Grain is made with Agaric and four Water, half Scarlet-Grain, half Madder, and fometimes Turmeric.

The Half Crimfon is made of half Madder, half Cochineel.

As to the lively Orange Red, the Stuff muft be firft laid in Yel- low, then in a Liquor made of Goat's Hair, (which has been boiled feveral times with Madder, and now) diflblved over the Fire with certain Acids, as Urine, Tartar, &c.

The Scarlet ef Cochineel, or Dutch Scarlet, is made with Starch Tartar, and Cochineel; after firft boiling it with Alumn, Tartar, Sal-Gemma, and Aqua-Fortis wherein Tin has been dhTolved See Cochineel.

Befides thefe feven Reds, which are good and allow'd Colours, there is alfo a Brafil Red, which is difcouraged, as fading eafilv See Brasil. ° ''

c, °I the J even g° od Red << on 'y four have particular Cafts or Shades : The Madder Red, Crimfon Red, the lively Oranze Red and the Scarlet of Cochineel. ,

The Cafts or Shades of Crimfon, are the Flefh-Colour, Peach- Colour, Carnation-Role-Colour, and Apple-Tree-Flower-Co- lour.— Thofe of Madder, are Flefh-Colour, Onion-Peel-Colour, and Flame-Colour.— Thofe of the Orange are the fame with thofe of the Crimfon. Scarlet, befides the Shades of all the reft has fome peculiar to it felf, as Cherry-Colour, Fire-Colour, &c Red.^ in Painting.— For Painting in Oil Colours they ufe* a Redcall'd Cinnabar or Vermillion; and another calTd Lacca. See each in its Place, Cinnabar, Vermillion, and Lacca '

In Limning, and Frefco, for a Violet Red, inftead of Lacca they ufe a natural Earth found in England; tor a Brows Red they ufe Ober. See Reddle, Oker, es-c. Red, in Heraldry. See Gules.

Red, in Cofmeticks, a Fucus or Paint wherewith the Ladies enliven their Cheeks and Lips.

There are two Kinds of Reds; the one in Leaves, call'd Spanifl, Red; the other a Liquor, which is an Extraft of Scarlet Dye. Red Arfenic. See Arsenic.

REDDENDUM, in Law, a Claufe in a Leafe, &c. where- by the Rent is referv'd to the Leffor.

REDDITARIUM, an antient Law Term, for a Terrier, Roll, or Rental, in which the Rents and Services a of Manourare fet down. See Roll and Rent, Terrier, «fc.

REDDITION, in Law, is a Judicial Acknowledgement that a thing in Queftion belongs to the Demandant.

REDDLE, Ruddle, or Red Chalk, a Red Foffile Stone, which has its particular Mine or Quarry; and is ufed by Painters, (ire. to make Red-Pencils, or Craions for defigning. The beft is the Produce of England; is moderately hard ; eafy to cut or Saw in- to long Slips. The Goldfmiths and Gilders alfo ufe it to burn the Gold-Leaf they ufe.— Some call Reddle, Lapis Hematites; fuppoling it to have a particular Faculty of flopping Blood: But

others