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/lowing Quantity of each be taken, we .{hall have the Length of the Arch AC.

RECTIFIED Spirits* &c. are fuch as have undergone the Operation of Rectification, or have been diftilfd over and over, to feperate from them any heterogeneous Matter, which might have arifen with them in the former Diftillations. See Recti- fication.

Hence we fay, Spirit of Wine twice rectified, thrice rectified, &c See Spirit.

J Tis the Rectification that makes the Difference between Bran- dy and rectified Spirits of Wine. See Brandy.

RECTIFIER, in Navigation, is an Instrument ufed for de- terming the Variation of the Compafs, in order to rectify the Ship's Courfe, &c. See Variation and Course.

It confifts of two Circles, either laid upon, or let into one an- other, and fo fattened together in their Centres that they repre- fent two Compaffes, the one fixed, the other moveable ; each di- vided into 32 Points of the Com pais, and 360 Degrees, and numbered boch ways, from the North and the South, ending at the Eaft and Weft in 90 Degrees.

The fixed Compafs reprefents the Horizon, in which the North, and all the other Points are liable to Variation.

In the Centre of the moveable Compafs is fattened a Silk Thread, long enough to reach the outride of the fixed Compafs. But if the Inftrument be made of Wood, an Index is ufed inftead of the Thread. See Compass.

RECTIFYING of Curves, &c. See Rectification.

Rectifying of the Globe, or Sphere, is a previous adjufting and preparing of the Globe or Sphere, for the Solution of Pro- blems, &c.

Tis done by bringing the Sun's Place in the Ecliptic on the Globe, to the Graduated Side of the Brafs Meridian ; elevating the Pole above the Horizon, as much as is the Latitude of the Place," fitting the Hour Index exactly to twelve at Noon,- and fcrewing the Quadrant of Altitude, (if there be Occafion) to the Zenith.

All this is comprehended under the Term, Rettify the Globe.

When this is done, the Celeftial Globe reprefents the true Po- fture of the Heavens, for the Noon of that Day it is rectified for. See Globe and Sphere.

RECTILINEAR, right-hned, in Geometry, is applied to Fi- gures whofe Perimeter confifts of right Lines. See Figure, Perimeter Line, &0& '

RECTITUDE, Rectitudo, Rectum, in Matters of Phi- losophy, refers either to the act of judging, or of willing ; and therefore whatever comes under the Denomination of Rectitude, is either what is true, or what is good: Thefe being the only Ob- jedts about which the Mind exercifes its two Faculties of Judg- ing and Willing... See Truth and Good.

The ReBituae of thiMind, confidered as it Judges, i. e. of the Faculty of Judgment, confifts in its Agreement and Conformi- ty to the Nature- and Reafon of things; in its determining and deciding about them, according to what their Conftitutions, Pro- perties, Uies, &c. really are. See Judgment. See alio Lo- gic, &c

. The Rsclitudc of the Mind, confidered as it wilts, call'd alfo Moral ReBitude, or Uprigktuefs, confifts in the choofingand pur- ging of thofe things which the Mind, upon due Inquiry and At- tention, clearly perceives to be Good ; and avoiding thole that are Evil. See Will.

RECTITUDINES, in Law, Rights or legal Dues, belong- ing either to God or Man.

RECTO, in Law, a Writ ufually call'd a Writ of Bight; of fuch a Nature, as that whereas other Writs in real Actions are only to recover the Poffeilion of the Lands, &c. in Queftion, loft by the Plaintiff or his Anceftor; This Aims to recover both the Seifm thus loft, and the Property of the thing; fo that both Rights are here pleaded together ; that of Property, and that of PolTcffion. See Property and Possession.

If a Man lofe his Caufe upon this Writ, he is without all Re- medy. See Right.

There are two Kinds of this Writ : Rectum patens, a Writ of right Patent ; and Rectum claufum, a Writ of Right Clofe.

Thefirft is fo called, becaufe fent open.— It lies only for him that hath Fee-fimple in the Lands fued for.

The Writ of Right Clofe, is directed to the Lord of antient Demefn, and lies for thofe who hold their Lands and Tene- ments by Charter, in Fee-fimple, or in Fee-Tail, or for Term of Life, or in Dower, if they be ejeded out of fuch Lands or diffeis'd.

In fuch Cafe a Man or his Heirs may fue out the Writ of Right Clofe, dire&ed to the Lord of antient Demefru com- manding him to do him Right in his Court.

This is alfo call'd breve parvum de Recto. Indeed, the Writ of Right Patent is extended in Practice be- yond its original Intention; For a Writ of Right of Dower, which lies for the Tenant in Dower, is Patent; and fo in feveral other Cafes. Fftzberb.

Recto de Dote, a Writ of Right of Dower, which lies for a Woman that has received Part of her Dower, and proceeds to demand the Remnant in the fame Place, againft the Heir. See Dower.

Recto dt Dote wide nihil habet, is a Writ of Right which IieS in Cafe where the Husband having divers Lands and Tenements, has allured no Dower to his Wife; and fhe is thereby driven ta fue for her Thirds againft the Heir, or his Guardian.

Recto de rationabili parte, a Writ that lies between Privies of Blood, as Brothers in Gavel-Kind, or Sifters, or other Co- parceners, as Nephews and Nieces; and for Land in Fee- fimple.

Thus, if a Man leafe his Land for Life, and afterwards dye, leaving IlTue two Daughters, and after, the Tenant for Life like- wife dies; the one Sifter entering on all the Land, and fo de- forcing the other, the Sifter fo deforced (hall have this Writ to recover her Part. 1

Recto quando Dominus nmifit, a Writ of Right, which lies in Cafe where Lands or Tenements in the Seigniory of any Lord* are in Demand by a Writ of Right.

It the Lord hold no Court; or at the Prayer of the Deman- dant or Tenant, fend his Writ to the King's Court, to put the Caufe thither for that time; this Writ iffues for the other Party, and has its Name from the Words comprifed, which is the true Occafion thereof.

Recto de advocatione Ecclefa, a Writ of Right, lying where a Man has Right of Advowfon, and the Incumbent dying, 2 Stranger prefects his Clerk to the Church; and he not having brought his Ac"tion of quare Impedit nor darrein Prefentment within fix Months, has fuffeted the Stranger to ufurp upon him.

Recto de Cujlodia Terra & Heredls, a Wrir which as to Lands holden in Capite, or by Knights Service, is become uielefs by the Stat. 12 Car. II. But not where there is a Guardian in So- cage, or appointed by the laft Will of the Anceftor.

Recto fur Difclaimer, a Writ which lies where the Lord, in the Court of Common-Pleas does avow upon his Tenant, and the Tenant difdaims to hold of him; upon which Diiclaimer he fhall have this Writ.

RECTOR, of a Parilh, theParj&»; or he who has the Charge or Cure of a Parifli Church. See Parson.

If the prsedial Tythes of the Parifh be Impropriated, ;'. p. in Lay Hands, inflead of Rector, the Parfon is call'd Vicar. See Vicar.

In England are reckoned 384.^ Rectories. See Parish.

The Name Rector denotes him Governour, or Ruler, quia tantum Jus in Ecclefia Parochiali habet, quantum Freclatus in Ec~ clefia Collegiata. See Parsonage.

Rector, is alfo the chief Ele&ive" Officer in feveral Foreign Univerfities ; particularly that of Paris. See University.'

The Rector is chofen a-freih every three Months : Antiently he was chofe every fix Weeks. The Alteration was made by the Legate of Pope Nicholas ill. in 1278. He is chofe out of the Faculty of Arts.

While that Faculty, and the Faculty of Theology were uni- ted, one Officer had the Inflection of both, under the Title of Chancellor: Upon their Divilion, a Rector was created. He makes a Iblemn Proceffion four times a Year, attended by the Doctors, Batchellors, <&c. in their Formalities.

Rector is alfo ufed in feveral Convents for the Superior, or Officer who governs the Houfe. See Superior.

The Jefuits ufe it for the Superiors in fuch of their Houfes, as are either Seminaries, or Colleges. See Jesuit, College, Se- minary, &c.

RECTORY, Rectorate, a Parifh-Church, Parfonage, or Spiritual Living, with all its Rights, Glebes, and Tithes. See Church, Parish, Parson, Rector, e£v.

RECTUM. See Right and Rectitude.

Rectum, in our old Law- Writers, is alfo ufed for a Trial or Accusation.

Coinmune Rectum, for a Trial at Law, or in the common Courfe of Law.-— Stare ad Rectum, denotes to ftand a Trial.—. Retlum rogare, to petition the Judge to do right.

Rectum, in Anatomy, is the laft of the large Inteftines. -See Intestine.

It is thus call'd, becaufe it pafTes ftraight from the Os Sacrum to the Anus; without making any turns or Circumvolutions, as all the other Guts do.

Its length is ufually about a Hands-breadth ; and its Capacity, the thicknefs of three Fingers.

Its upper Part is tied faft to the Offa Sacrum, and Coccygis, by means of the Peritoneum ; and in Men to the Neck of the Blad- der, in Women to the Vagina Uteri : Irs lower end, the Anus, is furnifhed with three Mufcles. See Anus.

The firft, the Sphincter Am ferving to (hut it, and prevent the Excrements from pafilng out Involuntarily. See Sphinc- ter, &c.

The other two, the Levators! Am, which ferve to raife or pull back the Rectum after the Expulfion of the Excrements; which efpecially after hard Stools, is apt to be too far protruded. See Levator Ani.

RECTUS, in Anatomy, a Name common to feveral Mufcles 3 on account of the ftraightnefs of their Courfe from their Origin to their Infertion ; having particular Denominations fromtheParts to which they minifter: As the Rectus Abdominis, Refius Femcris-, Rectus Capitis Lateralis, Major Externus,— Minor Externus-,-* 11 O Major