Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/582

 REA

(9*5)

REB

doubtful a Paffage : Or, if, without any of thefe, the Weaknefs of their Underftanding had deceived them, the Error is neither hurtful to themfelves, nor would be to others, if this Doctrine of governing ourfelves by our own Reafin, and not by Authori- ty and Example, were eftablifhed. Difi. concern. Hum. Reaf.

'Tit not the ufe of fuch Liberty, but the appropriating it to ourfelves, that is the Caufe of all the Diforders charged there- on : For thofe who lay a Restraint on other Men's Reafin, have firftmade ufe of their own to fettle them, and do make ufe of it in this very reftraining of others. Ibid.

Reason, in Matters or Religion, it ufed in oppofition to Faith. See Faith.

This ufe of the Word, Mr. Lock takes to be in it felf very improper: For Faith is nothing but a firm aflent of the Mindi which if it be regulated, as it is our Duty, cannot be afforded to any thing but upon good Reajm, and To cannot be oppofite

to it- He that believes without having any Reafin for believing, may be in love with his own Fancies, but neither feeks Truth, as he ought, nor pays the Obedience due to his Maker, who would have him ufe more difcerning Faculties he has given him, to keep him out of Miftake and Error. —But iince Reafon and Faith are by fome Men oppofed, it may be neceffary to confidcr them to- gether.

Reafin, as contradiftinguifhed to Faith, is the Difcovery of the Certainty or Probability of fuch Propositions, or Truths, which the Mind arrives at by Deductions made irom fuch Ideas which it has got by the ufe of its natural Faculties, viz. by Senfation or Reflection.

Faith, on the other Hand, is the Affent to anyPropofitionup- onthe Credit of the Propofer, as coming immediately rrom God ,- which we call Revelation. See Revelation.

Reason, in Logic, &c. a neceffary or probable Argument,- or an Anfwer to the Queftion, cur eft ? Why is it ?

As, if it be enquired, Why do the Subjec-t and Predicate a- gree? And it is anfwer'd, Becaufe they are fpoke of the fame thing: This laft Enunciation is a. Reafin.

Hence, fay the Schoolmen, Becaufe, quia, is the Sign or Cha- racter of a Reafin, as non, no, ol* a Negation, and eft 3 is, of an Af- jirmation.

They make three Kinds of Reafins, Rationes ; viz. Ratio ut, thai; ne, leaft,' and quia, becaufe. For, anfwering to a Quefti- on, cur, Why ; we begin with becaufe, quia; as, Why do you ftudy ? that I may become learned ; which is the Ratio ut. Again, Why do you ftudy? Leaft 1 mould be ignorant; which is the Ratio ne. Laftly, Why is a Body tangible ? Becaufe Matter is impenetrable - which is the Ratio quia.

The 'Reafin ut, properly denotes the End, or final Caufe ; the Reafin ne, the Beginning ; and accordingly the one is called the Beginning, the other the End ; and the Reafin quia, left, the on- ly Reafin, properly fo called.

Among Mecaphyficians, Reason is ufed in the fame Senfe with Effence j or that whereby any thing is what it is. See Essence.

This is fometimes alio call'd formal Reafin, as reprefenting the thing under that Form or Nature under which it is conceived.

Reason, in Mathematicks. See Ratio.

Reason of State, Ratio Status, in Matters of Policy, a Rule or Maxim, whether it be Good, or Evil, which may be of Service to the Stare.

Reafin of State, is properly undcrftood of fomething that is neceflary and expedient for the Intereft of the Government, but contrary to moral Honefty or Juftice.

The Politicians have a long time difputed about the Ratio fla- tus: Whether States and Governments are tied down to the fame Laws ot Morality with individual Perfons,- or whether things, otherwife Immoral and Unlawful, may not be practiced on urgent Occafions, by way of Reafin of State.

The Queftion is, Whether any thing be Unlawful, or prohi- bited a State, that is neceffary to that State ; or whether it be al- low'd to preferve it felf on any Terms.

The Phrafe is borrowed from the Italians, who firfl ufed Ragi- one di flato in this Senfe.

REASONABLE Aid, a Duty which the Lord of the Fee an- ciently claimed of his Tenants holding in Knight's Service, or in Socage ; towards the marrying his Daughter, or the making his eldeft Son Knight. See Service, Socage, <&c.

It is taken away by the Stat. z. Car. II.

REASONING, Ratiocination, the exerciie of that Fa- culty of the Mind call'd Reafin ; or Reafon deduced into Dif- courfe. See Reason.

The Agreement or Difagreement of two Ideas, does not ap- p-H from the bare Confederation of the Ideas themfelves ; un- conjointly therewith : The Act, then, whereby from Ideas thus . pofed and compared, we judge this or that to be fo or not fo,
 * els fame third be called in, and compared, either feparately or

Rohault defines a Reafoning to be a Judgment depending on tome Antecedent Judgment: Thus; having judged that no even

This agrees with Father Mallebraitche's Doctrine, one of tfce great Points whereof is, that Reafiming, on the Part of the Un- derftanding, is only a meer Perceiving. See Perception.

That excellent Author endeavours to fhew, that as to the Underftanding, there is no Difference between a iimple Percep- tion, a Judgment, and a Reafiyiing, except in this, that the Un- derftanding perceives a fimple thing without any Relation to any thing elfe, by a fimple Perception.

That it perceives the Relations between two or more things in a Judgment.

And, laftly, that it perceives the Relations that are between the Relations of things in a Reafoning. So that all the Operations of the Underftanding are no more than meer Perceptions. See Judgment.

Thus, e. gr. when we conclude, that 4 being lefs than 6; twice 2 being equal to 4, are of Confequence lefs than 6$ we do no more than perceive the Relation of the Inequality be- tween the Relation of twice two and four, and the Relation of 4 and 6. See Understanding.

The manner of proceeding juftly in Reafimng, fo as to arrive with the greater fefety at the Knowledge of Truth* makes what we call Method. See Method.

For the real Benefit of Logic to Reafoning, fee Logic and Syllogism.

RE-ATTACHMENT, in Law, a fecond Attachment of him who was formerly attach'd, anddifmils'd the Court without Day - as by the not coming of" the Juftices, or the like Cafualty. See Attachment.

Brook makes Reattachment either General or Special.

General is where a Man is reattached for his Appearance on all Writs of Affile lying againft him : Special, for one or more cer- tain Writs.

RE-3APTISANTS, a Sect in Religion, who maintain that People irregularly baptized, are to be baptized a-frefh. See Baptism.

The Anabaptifls are Rebaptifants • baptizing thofe at Maturity who had been before baptized in Childhood. See Anabap- tist.

St.typrian, and Pope Stephen, had mighty Differences about the Rebaptifation of converted Hereticks.

Donatur was condemned at Rome in a Council, for having re- baptized fome Perfons who had fallen into Idolatry after their firft Baptifm. See Donatist.

REBATE, Rebatement, Prompt Payment, in Commerce, a Term much ufed at Amfterdam, for a Difcount or Abatement in the Price of certain Commodities, when the Buyer advances)the Sum in hand for which he might have taken time. See Discount.

The Rebate is eftimated by Months; and is only allowed for certain Kinds of Merchandizes, which, according to theCuftom of Amfterdam, are.

.vhich are

fold at

'15 ) j33>Months Rebate.

.21 1

Numb

l£ r can be compofed of five uneven Numbers ; and that &c.

German Wools, -

Allies, and Pot-AfliesV Italian Silks, S

Sugars ot Brafl, \

SpaniJJj Wools,

Thar, is, thefe Commodities are fold for ready Money; only deducting or rebating the Intereft of the Money, which ought not to be paid till the End of 15, 18, &c. Months.

This Intereft, call'd Rebate, is ufually regulated on the Foot- ing of 8 per Cent, per Annum.

The Reafon of this Expedient is, that the Merchants having not always wherewithal to pay for their Goods in hand, by means of the Rebatement, fuch as have, will find their Account in it ; and fuch as have not, will be engaged to diicharge themfelves as foon as poffible, in hopes of the Difcount.

REBATEMENT, in Heraldry, a Diminution or Abatement of the Dignity of the Figures or Bearings in a Coat of Arms. See Abatement.

REBELLION, originally fignified a fecond Refinance, or Ri- ling of fuch as had been formerly overcome in Battle by the Romans and had yielded themfelves to their Subjeftion.

'Tis now generally ufed for a traiterous taking up of Arms a- gainft the King, either by his own natural Subjects, or by thofe formerly fubdued.

Rebel is fometimes alfo ufed in our antient Statutes, for aPer- fon who wilfully breaks a Law ; and fometimes for a Villain dif- obeying his Lord.

Commijfton of Rebellion. See Commission.

REBELLIOUS Affaibly, a gathering of twelve Perfons, or more, intending or going about, praftifing, &'■ unlawfully, and of their own Authority, to change any Laws of the Realm ; or to deftroy the Enclofure of any Park or Ground enclofed, Ban,<s of Fifh-Ponds, Pools, Conduits, &c. to the intent the (ame flail remain void, or to the Intent to have way in any of the faid Grounds; or to deftroy the Deer in any Park, Filh in Ponds, Coneys in any Warren, Dove-Houfes, &'■ or to burn Stacks of Corn, or to abate Rents, or Prices of Viauals. See Riot,

ten is an even Number ; to conclude that ten cannot be divided into five uneven Parts, is a Ratioimiation, or Reafoning.

REBOUND. See Recou,

REBUS,