Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/565

 QUI

QUI

rones, if omnes alias de Regno, de omnibus bonis mobilibus conceJfe.—The City of London paid this "Xear fur the Fifteenth 2860/. 13J. id. and the Abbot of St. Edmund's 666 I. 13 5. $ d. which was by compofition 5 and thereupon had all the temporal Goods of their Diftrict difcharged of the Fifteenth.

The way of Collecting it was by two Affeffors appointed in every County by the King, who appointed twelve more in every Hundred to make a rrue Valuation of every Man's perfonal Ellate upon which the fifteenth Part was levied.

QJJINT, a Sequence of five Cards of the fame Co- lour. See Sequence, Picquet, &c.

QUINTA Essentia ; fee Quintessence.

QUINTAIN, Quintena, in antient Cuftom, a Poll: driven into the Ground, with a Buckler fix'd to it, for the Performance of Military Exercifes on Horfeback, throwing of Darts, Breaking of Lances, (5c.

Borel, Mattb.Tsris.&c. defcribe the Quintain as a kind of Mark, form'd like a Man from the Navel upwards, holding a Shield in his left Hand, and in his right a Sword or Stick ; the whole fo fitted as to turn round on its Foot, and fo as that a Cavalier running a-tilt againft it with a Lane;, if he hit it in the Bread, it whisk'd round, and, unlefs he were very dextrous, ftruck him with the Sword held in the other Hand.

In other Places, a-top of a Poft was erefled a flender Beam fitted to turn round a Spindle ; at one of whofe Ends was a floap or flat Board, and at the other a Bag of Sand,

or Dirt The Sport was, with a long Staff, or wooden

Lance, to ride a-tilt at the Board, and to be eiiher fo skil- ful or lucky to efcape the Blow of the Sand-Bag.

This fome take to be the fame with the Arietum Levatio, frequently prohibited in our old Synods and Epif-opal Con- stitutions.

The Cuflom is dill retain'd in Sbropjliire, and fome other

Counties, among the Nuptial Solemnities He that breaks

the moft Poles againft the Quintain has the Prize, which was antiently a Peacock, now a Garland.

Some derive the Word from an antient Game call'd Quintus j others from a Man call'd Qv.intus.

The Vallus and Taffius mention'd in Cefar, are taken, by Vigenere, for a kind of Quintain, or Wooden Man fix'd up as an Adverfary, or Man of Straw, to prove one's Dexterity againft.

Mention is made of this Exercife in the Code de Aleato-

ribus, and in the <Paratitles of Cujas on the fame

Juvenal mentions Women engaging therein; Aut qtlis non vidit vulnera Pali ?

Quintain was alfo a Right which the Lord had to oblige all the Millers, Watermen, and other young People unmarried, to come before his Callle every three Years, and break feveral Lances, or Poles, againft a Poft, or wooden Man for his Diverfion.

QUINTAL, in Commerce, the Weight of an hundred Pounds. See Hundred Weight.

The Quintal admits of fome difference in different Pla- ces, according as the Pound confifts of more or fewer Oun- ces, and as the Ounce is lighter or heavier. See Pound and Ounce.

Thus, e.gr. the 'Paris Quintal, or Hundred, yields 123 Pounds at Montpelier 3 and the Montpelier Hundred only

81 Pounds ntParis. The Quintal of Coufiantinople is

efteeni'd the heavier! of all thofe ufed in the Levant. It contains 45 Ocquas, the Ocquas weighing two 'Dutch Pounds A-j fo that the Quintal is equal to 112 Pounds -< of Amjler- dam, 124 Pounds of Venice, and 160 of Leghorn.

The Englijb Quintal ufually confifts of 112 Pounds Avoir- dupois, and is divided into four Quarters. See Quarter.

Quintal was alfo formerly ufed for a Weight of Lead, Iron, and other common Metals, ufually equal to an hun- dred Pounds, at fixfeore to the Hundred.

QUINTESSENCE, QyiNTA-EssENTiA, in Chymiftry, a Preparation confifting of the Effential Oil of fome Vege- table Subftance, mix'd and incorporated with Spirit of Wine. See Oil, &c.

Thus, on aproperquantity, e.gr. of Effential Oil of Fen- nel, pouring twelve times the quantity of pure Alcohol prepared^??" Je J they inftantly unite into one fimilar Liquor, which is the Quintefime thereof.

The Antients were perfectly unacquainted with the Me- thod of diffolving Oil in Spirit of Wine ; and even fome of the Moderns have queftion'd its Reality : But the Certainty of the thing is eafily proved from the Inftance above.

If fuch Quintejfence be feveral times digefled, cohorla- ted, iSc. the Oil will at length be broke fo fine, as, like the Spirit itfelf, perfectly to mix with Water ; which is one of the moft extraordinary Effefls in all Chymiftry. See Spirit, Sulphur, £Sjc.

After the like manner is made a Quintejfence of Cam- prior, by only reducing it into a Powder, and pouring on Spirit of Wine. See Camphor.

( 942.)

Quinteffences thus prepared are of great Medicinal Virtue* as may appear from the pure and potent Ingredients ufed in the Compofition, which retain, in a great degree, all the Virtues of the Plants they are procured from : And hence their Denomination. See Essence.

Soerhaave thinks they might properly be call'd Vege- table Sulphurs made potable, and rais'd to their utmoii de- gree of Power and Efficacy. See Sulphur.

Dry ^uinteffences may be made from the Liquid ones, by adding to 'em fome Effential Oil of the fame Vegetable from whence the liquid §>uinteffence was procured, with a. little Sugar; all mix'd together, and diftill'd by a gentle Heat till all the Moifiure is come over : The Matter re- maining is a dry £>uinteffence.

This Form is principally ufeful to Travellers, Sailors, £5^. inafmuch as it renders the Quintejfence portable ; fo that the quantity, e.gr. of a Pin's Point, fhall be an efficacious Medicine.

Quintessence, in Alchymy, is a myfterious Term fignirjing the fifth, or laft and higheit Effence, or Power ot a natural Body.

This is fuppofed to be, as it were, the Soul drawn from the grois body and its four Elements, by a moll perfect Diimiation ; and by means hereof, the thing is faid to be fpimuahz'd, i.e. render'd exceeding pure, fpirituous, and, as it were, incorruptible. 2)/c7. Hermetiqm.

The Antients, who allow 'dof nothing real but what has a Body 5 would have the Soul of Man to be a fifth Ele- ment, akind of giiint effence without a Name, unknown here below, indivihble, immovable, all cceleflial, and di- Vjne. Feuelon.

Quintessence of 'the Element 's, is the Jlermetica I Mer- cury. See Mercury.

QUINT-Exact, in old Law-Books, the lafi Call of the Defendant fued to an Outlawry.

It he appears not to it, he is by the Judgment of the Coroners return'd Outlaw'd j if a Feme, waved. See Exigent, Outlawry, Waif, &c.

QU lis TILE, Quintilis, in Aitronomy, anAfpeclof the Planets, when they are 72 Degrees difrant from one another, or a fifth Part of the Zodiac. See Aspect and Character.

QUINTILIANS, Quintiliani, a Seel of antient Heretics, the fame with the 'Fefuzians ; thus call'd from their Prophetefs guintilia. See Pepuzian.

In this Seft the Women were admitted to perform the Sacerdotal and Epifcopal Functions 5 grounding their Piaclice on that Paffage of St. Waul to the Galatians, where he fays, That in Chrift there is no dijiinclion of Males and Females.

They attribute extraordinary Gifts to Eve, for havin/* firft eaten of the Tree cf Knowledge 5 tell mighty things of Mary the Sifter of Mofes, as having been a Prophetefs, &c. <Pbilip, the Deacon, add they, had four Daughters* who were all Propheteffes.

In their AfTemblies, it was ufual to fee the Virgins enter in white Robes perfonating • Propheteffes— The Shrinti- Hans bore a good deal of refemblance to the modern Qua- kers. See Quaker.

QUIRE of Paper, of the French Caher ; the quantity of 24 or 25 Sheets. See Paper.

QUIRISTER, or Chorister, Chorijla, a Perfon ap- pointed to fing in the Quire or Choir of a Cathedral. See Chorister.

QUIRINALIA, in Antiquity, Feafts celebrated among the Romans in honour of Romulus, who was call'd £>uirinu$. See Quirites.

The Quirinalia were held on the 13th of the Kalends of March-, i. e. on our 17th of February.

QUIRITES, in Antiquity, an Appellation given to the People of Rome. It took its Rife from the Curetes, the Inhabitants of the

Sabin Town Cures ; on this occafion Romulus, and

Uatius King of the Sabin S, having united their two People, and rheir two States into one ; upon Romulus's Death and Deification, the Sabins, out-doing the Romans in number, became Matters of the Councils J and accordingly appointed that Romulus mould be denominated ^uirinus, from Cures a City of the Sabins, or rather from gmirinus, the Name of a God worfhip'd in that City.

From the new Quirinns, all the People came afterwards to be call'd Quirites j unlefs we'll fuppofe that the fame Authority winch denominated Romulus, Shiirinus, from Cures, did alfo denominate the People Quirites, imme- diately from the Curetes.

Some Aurhors derive the Word §>uirinus from Curis

which in the Sabin Tongue fignify'd a Pike or Halberd

Struvius adds, that Romulus was always painted with Pike in Hand.

QUIRK, in Building, a Piece of Ground taken nut of any regular Ground-Plat, or Floor— Thus, if the Ground- Plat were Square, or Oblong; and a Piece be taken out

of