Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/564

 Q,ui

Angle of the Square, or Parallelogram, preferus equal an: parallel Alleys. See Wilderness.

Or the Quincunx is the Figure of a Plantation of Trees, tlifpofed in ieveral Rows, both length and breadthwife ; in fuch manner as that the firit Tree of the fecond Row com- mences in the Centre of the Square form'd by the two firit Trees of the firii Row, and the two firit of the third ; re- fembling the Figure of a five at Cards. — The finett manner f planting Trees to form a Grove, is in the Quincunx. See Grove.

'Tisofthis kind of Quincunx that Cicero fpeaks in his Cato major ; and guinHltAn, lib, 8. cap. 3.

The modern Quincunxes, 3)aviler obferves, are made like thofeof the nntienrs, except ibr the fifth Tree, which is now generally difufed ; fo that being, as it were, netted, an d their Alleys view'd by the Side of the Rectangle, they form a perfect Chequer.

Quincunx, in Aftronomy, &c. a Pofition, or Afpect of the Planets when diftant from each other 150 Degrees, or fiveSigns. See Aspect.

QUINDECAGON, in Geometry, a plain Figure which has fifteen Sides and fifteen Angles. See Figure.

If the Sides be all equal, 'tis a Regular Quindecagon. See Regular.

Euclid fhews how to Infcribe it in a Circle, 'Prop. 16. C. 4. And the Side of a regular Quindecagon fo defenbed, is equal in Power to the half-difference between the Side of the Equilateral Triangle, and the Side of the Pentagon; and alfo to the difference of the Perpendiculars let fall on both Sides, taken together.

The Word is form'd fumewhat irregularly from the La- tin, quinque, five ; and the Greek yMfy, Angle.

Pentedecagon would be more regular.

QUINDEC1M Vir, XY-Vir, a .Rtww«Magi(trate,who had fourteen Collegucs join'd with him in the fame Function,

Under 'Tarqu'm the Proud, there were firft two Magi- strates erected to takecarc of the Sacrifices to be perform'd ;

thefe were call'd "Duumvirs. See Duumvir. Their

^Number, at length, grew to ten, and then they were call'd

^Decemvirs. See Decemvir.: In the time of Cicero

it had reach'd fifteen, when they affum'd the Name of Qrtindeciffl virs; and tho' their Number grew to fixty af-

C P4i )

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terwards, yet Scrvius obferves, on the Vlth of \\izj£neid % that their Name never changed, but they ftill continued to be call'd Quindecim viri.

'Twas they examin'd the Sibyls Books, and were the Interpreters thereof 5 yet they never did this but by exprefs

Order of the Senate, declared by a Senatus-Confultum.

They alfo prefided at the Sacrifices, and other extraordi- nary Ceremoniesof Religion. See Sacrifice.

On Medals, a Dolphin join'd with a Tripod marks the Priefthood of the Quindecim viri •> who, to pubtifh their folemn Sacrifices, ufed, the Eve thereof, to carry a Dol- phin at the end of a Pole, throughout the City; this Fifh, being efteem'd facred to Apollo, as the Crow was among Birds.

QUINI-Sexta, inEcdefiafticalHiftory.a Council held at Conftantinople in the Year 602; call'd alfo the Council in 'Trullo, and by the Greeks Penthecle, q. d. fif;h-fixth ; as intimating that it was only a Supplement of the two pre- ceding Councils. Tho', in Propriety, Eleury obferves, it was a'^pouncil itfelf. See Council.

Mar/hall obferves, thatthefifth and fixth General Coun- cils having made no Canons, the Orientals judg'd it neccffiry to fupply that defect by this ; fo that the tea Canons fallly attributed to thofe, were, in reality, made here. See

kTROLLO. QU1NQUAGENAR1US, among the Romans, was an Officer in the Army who had command of a Company of fifty Men. Quinquagenarius was alfo an Officer of Policy, who had the infpetbon of fifty Houfes, or Families. LalHy, in the anrient Monasteries, the Quinquagenarius was a Superior who had fifty Monks under his Guidance. QpINQUAGESIMA -Sunday, Strove Sunday ; thus call'd as being about the fiftieth Day before Ealter. See

SHRQVE.~Sunday.

Antiently, rhey ukd Qjjinquagcfima for Whit -Sunday, a;:d for the fifty Days between Eader and Whit-Sunday ; but to diftinguifh this Quinquagefima from that before Eailer, it was call'd the Pafchal Quinqitageftma.

QUINQUANNION, Qu 1N Q. UENNluM > in r antient Cuttoms, a refpite of five Years which infolvent Debtors formerly obtain'd by virtue of the King's Letters, to have time for the payment of their Debts. SccRespite.

When the thing intended was only to prevent the Sale of their Effects at an under Value ; the Term of one Year was ordinarily granted, call'd the Benefit of Annion. See Annion,

But when the Debtor would avoid the furrendring of his Effects, upon proving that he was reduced by Poverty,

LoCks, £&. to make uf e of this Expedient, the Term of five Years was granted, call'd the Benefit of ' Quhquannion-.

QUINQUA TRIA, in Antiquity, a Name given the Featts of Minerva, otherwife call'd Panathehta. See Pan athenvea.

Some think ihey were term'd Quinquatria, becaufe they lafted five Days ; but others with more reafon, becaule they fell cut five daysafcer the Ides of the Month.

QUiNQUENNAUA, in Antiquity, Games, or Feafls celebrated every fifth Year, in honour of the deified Em- perors, See Game, &c.

The Quinqucnnalia began to be exprefs M on Medals about the middle of the third Century F. Pagi pro- duces a Medal wherein are engraven thofe of the Emperor Pojlhumus ; which is not found in any Medals of his Pre- dec t (Tors.

QUINQUENNALIS, in Antiquity, a Magiflrate in the Colonies, and municipal Cities of the Roman Common- wealth. S:e Colony, &c.

The Quinque?inales were much the fame with the Edilcs at Rome. See Eeile.

'I hey were not thus call'd from their continuing in their Office five Years; but becaufe they were elected every fifth Year, to prefide at the Cenfus, and to receive the De- claration each Citizen made of his Effects. See. Census.

QUINQUE Partus, the five Cinque Ports. SeeCiNQUE Port.

The five are Hafiings, Romney, Ifythe,Ziover,ixnd Sand- wich To the firi-t thereof belong Wincheijea and Rye t

which are efteem'd Members of the Cinque Ports.

Servhium quod .ZJ^nwcs Quinque Portuum prefer 'iptorum recognofcunt facere ad pummonitionem R.egis per annum, Jiconiigerit per indies ad cujlum eorum proprium, ita quod primus dies coraputatur a die quo vela naviunt erexerunt, uf/ue partes ad qnas tendere decent, vsl ulterius quara di u R ex voluerat ad cujlum ejus.

QpiNQUE-ViRjfrequently wrote Y-Vir, a Roman Ma- gilliute, who had four Collegues join'd with him in the fame Function.

There were various kinds of Officers thus denominated— Pomponius the Lawyer mentions Qu'wque-viri on this, and on that fide the ''J'iber, efrablifhed tor the Adminiftration of Juttice in the Night-time, in lieu of the ordinary Magi- ttrates, who were not judged proper to run up and down the Streets in the dark.

Rojimis tells us, that it wasfometimes the Quinqw-viri who conducted the Colonies, and divided the Lands affign'd them, among the feveral Families. SeeCoLONY.

Sometimes the Epulones were five in Number; in which cafe they were call'd Quinque-viri. See Epulones.

The Qui 'nque- viri momtarii were Officers firit erected under the Confulate of Valerius Toplicola, to moderate the exceffive Ufury, or Interefi, which Creditors or Bankers

a to exact upon the People. See Usury. QUINQUINA, QuiNAquiNAjcairdalfoC/^';^ China, and Kin-Kina, a Medicinal Eark brought from the Wcjl- JndieSj call'd alfo, by way of Eminency, the Sark ; and Cortex Peruvianus, the Peruvia?i Sark, from the Country whence it is brought 5 and popularly the Jejuits Sark, be- caufe at its fsril Introduction chiefly fold and adminittred by the Jcfuits. See Cortex.

The Tree which yields this Eark grows in a Province of Peru call'd Quito, on the Mountains near the City of Loxa The Natives call it Ganaperide, and the Spa- niards Palo ds Cale?!turas t i. e. Fever-Wood.

There are two kinds die one wild, the other cultiva- ted i whereof the latter is much the bell. The Quinquina was but little known in Europe till the

Year 1640 fhejefuits of Rome firfi: brought it in vogue

in Spain, and Italy in 1649 } and in i6")0, the Cardinal de Lugo, of that Order, brought it into .prance.

It was at firtt fold for its Weight in Gold : wh-:n reduced into Powder, it is by Foreigners call'd the Cardinals Pow- der ; among us ufuaily, the Jejuits Powder, PulvisPa- trum.

It met with a world of Oppofirion at firfl- ■ ■ C hiflet and tMlpfl&ius. diftinguifh'd themfelves againft it. i>ut is now almoli unlverfally allow'd one of the greatett andbeft Re- medies within the whole Province of Medicine.

Some call the Gentian-Root the European Quinquina, becaufe good againtt intermitting Fevers. See Gentian.

QUllNiSEY, nrQuiNzY, orQuiNCY, in Medicine, the Sqttinancy, or Angina. SeeANGiNAand Sq.uinancy.

QUINSIEME, orQuiNziEME, in our old Law- Books, & Tax antiently levied at the Rate of one Fifteenth Part of the Value of all moveable Goods. See Tax and Fifteenth.

It is a Mitlake committed by feveral Authors to make this a Tax of the fifteenth Part of all Lands ; it being of

the Goods only. It was firft granted by Parliament,

iSEd-zv.i. viz. Computus quints decimte Regi, An. iH.per Archiepifcopos, Epifcopos, Abbates, Priores, Comites, Sa- il G ?*<3«es,