Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/560

 QUA

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which difTolving the Silver, leaves the Gold at bottom, in form of a black Powder, See Refining.

Quertatimh what we more ufually call 'Parting, or the Depart. See Depart ; fee alfo Gold, £gc.

QUARTELOIS, Cartelois, or Cotuca, Surtouts, or upper Garments with Coats of Arms quarter'd on 'em, wore by the antient Knights in their Military Expeditions. See Surtout, CohrofArms, tSc, /

QUARTER, the fourth part of a Whole, or Integer di- vided into four equal Portions. See Fourth.

In working of Fractions the Quarter is exprefs'd by f , three Quarters by J. See Fractions.

QUARTER, in Weights, isa fourth part of theQuintal, or Hundred Weight. SeeQ_uiNTAL.

ThtQuarteris 28 Pounds Avoirdupois. See Hundred Weight,' Pound, Avoirdupois, cifc.

QUA

is a Quarter fingle,

or alone \ as

Franc Quarter, that hereto adjoining.

This makes one of the honourable Parts of a Coat. See Ordinary.

Quarter pierced, in Heraldry, is ufed when there is a Hole or fquare Figure made in the middle of a Crofs. See Pierced.

Quarter Bullet, a Bullet quarter'd into four or eight Parts. See Bullet, Shot, &c.

Quarter is alfo ufed for a Canton, or Divifion of a City ; confiding of feveral Hies, (Sc. feparated from fome other Quarter by a River, a great Street, or other Boundary.

Such are the twenty Quarters of the City of Paris

Antient Rome was divided feveral times, under its feveral ' Augmentations, into Quarters, call'd Regions; as i

Quarter is alfo a dry Meafure containing 8 Bufhels obicrv'd in theTopogTaphicj of AureliusViBor Onupbrivs flriked ; or the fourth part of a Chaldron. See Measure, Panviuius, Marillan, Pyrro Zigorio, Boiffard, and other

1. 2.

tfc.

Quarter mm frumenti conjlat ex oilo Bujfellis. Fleta. See riusHEi., Chaldron, &c.

Quarter, in Law, Quarterium Anni^ is the fourth Part of a Year. See Y ear.

Hence the Days whereon thofe Quarters flatedly com- mence, are call'd Quarter-days. See Day,

Quarter-days are the 25th of March call'd Lady-day ; the 2+th of June, call'd Midfummer- day ; the 29th of September, call'd Michaelmas-day ; and the 25th of De- cember, or Chrijlmas day.

Quarter Sejjions, a Court held Quarterly, by the Juftices of Peace of each County, alternately, in the chief Towns thereof, appointed by the Cufios Rotulorum. See Sessions, Justice, ££c.

Hither the Grand Inqueft, or Jury of the County is fum- moned to appear, who upon Oath are to enquire of all Traytots, Heretics, Thieves, Murderers, Coiners, Rioters, ^c. See Inquest.

Thofe who appear to be guilty are by the faid Juftices committed to Prifon, to be tried at the next Affizes, when the Judges go their Circuits. See Judge, Assize, ££<;.

Quarter, in Navigation A Quarter of a Point,

Wind, or Rhumb, is the fourth part of a Cardinal Point, Wind, or Rhumb ; or of the diitance between two Cardi- nal Points, Winds, i$c. See Point, Wind, and Rhumb.

The Quarter contains an Arch of n° 15'.

The Quarter is what Wolfius, with regard to the other Divisions, calls a fecondary Point of the fecond Order. Sec Cardinal Point, &c.

Quarter Wind, at Sea, is a lateral, or fide Wind ; or a Wind which does not blow in Stern, but a little a-fide of it. See Wind.

Properly, the Qtiarter Wind is that which comes in abaft the Main-Mall Shrowds, even with the Quarter of the Ship.

The Quarter Wind is the beft of all Winds, as beating into all the Sails ; whereas a Wind blowing full in Stern, is kept off by the Sails of the Mizzen. SeeSAiLiNG.

Quarter of a Ship, is that part of the Ship's Hull, which lieth from the Steerage-Room to theTranfom. See Ship.

Quarter Deck, of a Ship, is that aloft the Steerage, reaching to the Round-houfe. See Deck.

Quarter, in Aftronomy The Moon's Period, or

Lunation, is divided into four Stages, or Quarters ; con- taining each from feven to eight Days. See Moon and Lunation.

The firft Quarter is from the new Moon to the Quadra- ture j the fecond thence to the full Moon, £S?c. See Qua- drature, &c.

Quarter, in Heraldry, isa Term ufed for a Scutcheon, or Coat of Arms. See Escutcheon.

In this fenfe there are fixteen Quarters required to prove Nobility, in Companies or Orders where none but Nobles are admitted. See Nobility.

The Word Qiiarters, requir'd as a Proof of Nobility, is derived hence, that they ufed antiently to put the Coats of Arras of the Father, Mother, Grand-father, and Grand- mother on the four Corners of the Tomb of the Deceafed — In Flanders and Germany we frequently fee Tombs that have eight, fixteen, and even thirty-two Quarters. See To MR.

QUARTER is alfo apply'd to the Parts, or Members of the firft Divifion of a Coat that is quartered, or divided into four Quarters; as in the Figure adjoining. See

QUARTERING.

The King of Great Britain in the firft Quarter beats Gules three Lions paflant

Or, ££<". In the fecor.d Quarter he bears

Azure three Flowers deLys, %3c.

Antiquaries. See Region.

In many Cities there are Commifjaries of the Quarter ap- pointed to look to the Polity thereof The Pno.-of the

Caporions accounts himfelf the Chief, and Colonel of ths fourten Regions, or Quarters of Rente. Mafcurat, p. 134.

Quarter, in War, the Place allotted to certain Forces to live, lodge, and incamp upon, during a Siege or the like. See Incampment.

The General's Quarter is that where the General lodges

and incamps in Perfon They ufe to make Lines of

Communication, to join the feveral Quarters together. See Line.

The Quarters of a Siege are the principal Incampments, ferving to (top the Avenues of a Place. See Siege.

Quarter Mafter, an Officer in the Armv,whereofthere

are leveral kinds $ viz The

Quarter- Mafier General, whofe Eufinefs is to provide good Quarters for the whole Army. See Quarters.

Quarter-Mafier of a Regiment of Foot, wno is to provide Quarters for his Regiment. See Regiment.

Quarter-Mafier of a Troop of Horfe, who is to provide Quarters for his relpective Troop. See Troop.

QuARTER-Afo/Jej- is alfo an Officer aboard a Ship, of which there are more or fewer according to her Burthen.— Their Bufinefs is to rummage in the Hold on all Occafions, to overlook the Steward in his delivery of Vifluals to the Cook, and in his pumping and drawing out the Beer 5 and in general, to take care there be no wafle.

He is alfo to mind the Ship's Loading, which is the Eufi nefs he is chiefly employ'd about. See Loading, i£'c. Quarter is alfo ufed for any Lodgment made in the

Field or Campaign out of a Siege Thus, they fay, the

General has extended his Quarters a £ood way The

Enemy coming made him contract his Quarters. Winter Quarters, is the Place allotted Troops to pafs

the Winter Seafon in.- Wherein thefe differ from

Garrifon, fee Garrison.

The Term is alfo ufed for the Time they continue in this Lodgment ; and for the Advantages the Captains make

thereof Thus they fay, fuch a Regiment was put to

Winter- Quarters in fuch a Village The Winter-Quar- ters only held three Months Each Captain will make

at lead a thoufand Crowns of his Winter-Quarters, hi Spain they have alfo Summer- Quarters. Quarters of Refrejhment, isfome well-provided fertile Spot, to which Troops that have been much fatigu'd and harafs'd, are fent to recover their Strength, or Health ; even duting the Seafon of the Campaign. See Reeresii-

M E N T.

Quarter of AffemUy, is the Place of Rendezvous, where the Troops are to meet and draw up, for a March. See Parade.

There are alfo Quarters affign'd for the Huckfters, and their Equipage.

Quarter is alfo the Safety, and good Treatment pro- mifed to Perfons, or Troops that furrender, and lay down their Arms — Thus they fay the Enemy begg'd Quarter.

The Phrafe took its rife from an Agreement antiently made between the Dutch and Spaniards, that the Ranfom of an Officer, or Soldier, fhould be n quarter oi his Pay— = Hence, to beg Qtiarter was to offer a quarter of their Pay for their Safety j and to refufe Qtiarter was not to accept of that Compofition for their Ranfom. See Ransom.

Quarter Round, in Architecture, isa Term ufed by the Workmen for any Moulding, in general, whofe Contour is either a perfect Quadrant, or quarter of a Circle, or ap- proaches near that Figure. See Moulding.

The Architects ufually call it Ovolo ; P'itruvius the Echinus. See Ovolo and Echinus.

Quarter Staff, a long Staff or Pole, here by Forefters, Park-keepers, &c. as a Badge of their Office ; and occa- fionally ufed as a Weapon.

11 F Quarter.