Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/553

 Q_UA

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The Word is borrow'd from trie Italian, being a Dim nutive of Squadra, a Company of Soldiers rang'd in a Square: For Squadrare is, properly, to difpofe any rhing fquare; whence their Quadrigla, the French Squadri lie and Qua-

drilla, and our Quadrill 'Tis not fifty Years fince

they wrore Squadrilla.

QUADRIPARTITION, the dividing by four; ora ta-' king of the fourth part of any Number or Quantity. See Division, Partition, ££c.

Hence Quadripartite, &c. fomething divided into four. St:e Indenture.

QUADRIREME, Quaeriremis, a Galley or Veffcl with four Oars on a fide. See Galley.

QUADRUGATA Terra, in old Law Records, is a 'team-Land; or fo much as can be till'd by four Horfes. See C arxicata.

QUADRUPED, in Natural Hiflory, a four-footed Beaft.

Mr. Ray defines Quadruped, a perfect, hairy, viviparous Animal, having but rour Feer. See Animal.

There is a great Analogy between the Structure of Qua- drupeds, and that of Man The principal differences

refult from their different Poflure; and are feen in the Legs, Heads, Necks, Stomachs, Hearts, and the Nerves. S^e Leg, Head, Neck, Stomach, 0c.

Mr. Ray gives us the following Scheme or Divifion of Quadrupeds.

Quadrupeds are either hoof 'd, (llngulata) 3 orclaw'd, or digitate, (ttnguiculata.)

Hoofed-QvhBRVfEvs, are either, 1. Whole-hoofed, So- lidipeda, Moc^ha^, uhvvya, Solidungula : As the Hot fe, Afs, the Onager or wild Afs; the Mule, and the Zebra of Africa, or the fine itriped Indian, or African Afs, almoit 1 1 ke a Mule in Form and Stature. See Hoof.

Of this whole-hoofed Kind, Ariftotle has obferved, that

no one hath two Horns (he might have faid any Horns)

no one hath the Talus, or Aflragalus, nor have the Males any appearance of Bteafts. See Horn.

2. Qoven-Footed, and that either into two divifions only; as the iiij-»x», or BifulcateKind, which are again fubdivided into fuch as ate, firfl,

Ruminant, ii>tfu>ji£am, that is, fuch as chew the Cud; and thefe either have hollow and perpetual Horns, as the Bull, Sheep, and Goat-kind; or Deciduous, as the Hart and Deer kind, which ufually Jhed their Horns annually. See Head.

Of the Sull-kind are reckon'd thefe 5 the common Sos, of which the Male isTanrus, the Female Vacca. (2.) The German Writs, Urochs, or Aurochs. (-,.) The Sifin. (4.) The Sonafits. (5.) The Subalus, or Stifalo. (6.) The Sos Africanus of Sellonius; Obf. 1. 2. c. 50. which betakes to be the Su&allts of the Antients.

Of the Sheep-kind, befides the common fort, are reckon'd the Arabian Ovis Laticauda, whofe Tail is fometimes of 50 I. weight; the Ovis Strepficeros Cretica Sellonii; the Ovis Africans, with fhort Hairs inftead of Wool; the Ovis Guineenfts, or Angolenfts of Mitrcgrave, (Hill. Srafil. 1. <s. c. ic.)

Of the Goat kind, are, beiides the common Capra Do- meflica; the Ibex, or German Steinbock, found in the Tops of t,he Alps; the Rupicapra, French Chamois, German Goms; the Gazelia Africana, or Antelope; the Gazelia Indica; the Capra Sylvejlris Africana Grimmii; theC^ra Mambrina, ot Syriaca of Gefner; the Sufelaphus, or Mof- chelaphus Caii in Gefner; the TragelaphttsCaii in Gefner.

Of the Hart ot Deer-kind, are reckon'd, the Cervus, "Vmzos, the red Deer; the Cervus Tlatyceros or Talmatus, the fallow Deer; Alee or the Elk; Rangifer,the Rain-Deer; the Axis Vlinii, according to Sellonius; the CapreaTlinii, the Cugnacu-e'.c, and Cuguacu-zapara of Marcgrave; the Caprea Groeulaiidica.

2 . Of Cloven-Footed Animals into two parts only, and which do not chew the Cud, there is only the Hog and Swine-kind; and under this head, befides the common Swine, are reckon'd the wild Boar, or Swine; the Torcus Guineenfis Mangravii; the Tonus Indian call'd Saby- roitffa; the Tajaca or Aper Mexicanus Mefchiferus of Dr. Tyfin, call'd by Marcgrave, Tajaca Cunigoara, by others Qiiaubtla Coymalt, and Qiiapizolt, and by Acoftawd fome others Zaino.

3. There are fome four-footed Animals, whofe Hoof is cloven into four Divifions; and thefe feem to be not Rumi- nant : As the Rhinoceros, the Hippopotamus, the Tapi- )etete of Srafil, the Capy-Bata of Srafil, the Animal Mof- chiferum.

Cla'xed or Digitate Quadrupeds : Of thisKind, there is, (1) a fort whofe Claws are not divided or feparated, but adhering to one another, cover'd with one common

Q.U A

Quadrupeds, which hath only two Claws, as that of Camels - and tho' thefe have no Horns, they do both ruminate, and have alio the four Stomachs of horned ruminant Animals Or the Camel or Dromedary there are two forts; one ha ving but one Bunch on the Back, the other two. To this kind belongs the Peruvian Glama, which fome have rec kon'd among the Sheep-kind; as alTo the Tacos, the Ovis Indica, or Peruviana Vulgo, much lefsthan the Glama.

3. A thitd Species of this Unguiculate kind, includes fuch Animals, as the GreekscM'd iu vx«, and 'Arflp^Suo-^ which have the Foot divided into many Claws, with broad Nails on them; as the Ape and Monkey kind : Of thefe fome have no Tails, and are call'd Simla, or Apes. Others' have Tails, and are call'd Monkeys, Cercopitheci; and fuch as have either long or ihort Tails, if they are of a larger Size, are call'd Tapiones, or Baboons. There a e great Numbers and Varieties of this Species of Quadrupeds; of which Naturalifts have defcribed thefe : viz. the Ourang Outang, or Homo Sylveftris of Dr. Tyfin, defcribed by him in a particular Difcourfe. The Guarita of Srafil, Marc- gravu; the Cagui of Srafil, greater and leffcr; the. Cay of the fame Region, defcribed by Zerins; the Caitaia of tho fame Country; the Cercopithecus Sarbatus Guineenfts, two or three forts of it; the Cercopithecus Angolenfts major; the Cercopithecus non barbatus Clufii; the Cercopithecus Clus. cM'dSagouin; and if Apes and Monkeys have their Snouts very prominent like Dogs, they are call'd Cynocephali.

4- A fourth Species of this Unguiculate kind, is, when tho' the Claws are many, yet they are not cover'd at the end with broad flat Nails, like Monkeys or Apes; but are rather like the Talons of Hawks, ci?c. crooked, and fliarp- pointed : And thefe, in refpect of their Teerh, may be divided into fuch as have many T)entes Trimores, or In- cifires, (that is, cutting Teeth) in each Jaw, of which there are two forts; a grea ter, which either have a fl.ort, round Head, as rhe Cat-kind; or a leffer fort, having a' longilender Body, with vety fliort Legs, as the Weafel or Verminkind. There are fome of this Species of Quadru- peds, which have only two large remarkable Teeth in each Jaw : and thefe are of the Hare-kind, and live onlv upon Herbs, Grafs, pc. ' r

Of the Cat-kind of Quadrupeds are reckon'd to be the Lien, the Tyger, the Tardalis, whofe Male is Pardm, and Female Panthera, rhe Leopard; the Lupus Cervarius, or Lynx; the Catus Tardus, or Cat-a-mountain, thecommon Car, and the Bear.

Of the Twg-kind are reckon'd the Wolf, the Lupus Au- reus, the Jackall; the common Dog, of which kind they enumerate, the Mafiive; the €ams Venations Grains, or Gracus, or, according to fome, Scoticus, the Greyhound; the Grams Htbernicus, or Irijb Greyhound; the Canis Ve- nations Sagax, Indagator,Seltatorferarnm,&ic. the Hound - the Cams Venations Hifpanicus or Aviarius, the Spaniel for Land or Water; the Vertagus or Tumbler; the Canis O mt @- Domefltcus the Houfe-dog; the Canis Melimis, or the Lap.dog; the Canis Getulus, or IJlandicus, the Shock; and of all thefe forts there are many Varieties of

Mongrels, and Hebridous Breeds. Another fort of the

Uog-kmdis, the Fox; the Animal Zibethicum; the Civet- 1 '•', aS ,t r ' s u C0 "' u P tl y."ll , d, but by its Teeth and Snout, is plainly of the Dog-tribe; the American Coati, or Rackoon or Rattoon; theTzquiepate; the Carigueya, Maritucaca, Carigoy, Ropoza or Tofjim; the Taxus or Meles; the Badger Grey, or Pate; the Lutra, or Otter; the 'I'hoca, orSea-Calf, or Seal; the Equus Marinus, or Morfe, or

%T,^ n T rl e, by f? me J' or the hippopotamus; the Dutch call 1 him Walras, the Danes and IJlanders, Rofma- rus; the Manatt, or Vacca Marina, the Sea-Cow.

Of the Vermin, or Weafel-kind of Quadrupeds, is, firft, the MuJIela vulgaris, the common Weafel, i„ Torklhire call'd Foumart or Fitcher, (W») the Vwerra Indica, call'd ggiel and gjtirpele i^d another fort cM'i Mungo, and Mungatna of a reddifh grey. The Muflela, the Ermlie or Stoat, if whire, and the Muftela Sylvejlris, the Ferret - the Tutonus the Pole-Cat; ,4 Manes, Foyna,tteulr- ten or Martlet; the Muftela Zibellina the Sable; the Genetta, and the Ichneumon Sellonii.

Of the Hare-kind of Quadrupeds, 'are firft, the Lotus, or common Hare; the Cuniculus, the Rabbet or Coney; the Tapeti, or Srajil-Coney, and the Aperea of Srafil; the Hyflrix, or Porcupine; and the Hyftrix AmericLus, or Cuanda of Srafil; the Caftor, Fiber, or the Beaver; the Sciurus vutg or Squirrel; the Virginian, Zeylandic, the Sarbary, and the American flying Squirrel, e?c The Mus 2Jomefticm, major and minor, the common Rat and Moufe - Mus major Aquations, the Water-Rat; the Musk Rat -

Mus HfielliMt/tiMim A,.,!*.* „_.t _: 1 r, - '

Skin, but with obtufe Nails, flicking out round" ie Mamin ^ ^ e "f «"?*,. major and minor; the Dormoufe or of the Foot; as the Elephant, which is T„o ma l us and ^c V «,MusNoricus Cricents, Alpinus feu Marmotta; __. „i.„.i„ „f...^i. .. ., v.fi „„ j... ^ no, ma| o us . and the Cavia Cobaya, or Cuniculus Americanus; the Guinea-

Pig; the Agati, and Taca of Srafil; the Mus Nor- ivegicus or Leming; the Glis Gefmri, or the Rell; the Mus Indicus, &c.

not clearly referable to thisKind or that of Cloven-footed Quadrupeds.

(i.) There is another Species of this Digitate-kind of

Ano-